高級英語第二單元

Hiroshima---theLiveliestCityinJapanLesson

Two(Excerpt)

ObjectivesofTeachingTocomprehendthewholetextToleanandmasterthevocabularyandexpressionsTolearntoparaphrasethedifficultsentencesTounderstandthestructureofthetextToappreciatethestyleandrhetoricofthepassage.TeachingAims1)ToacquaintstudentswiththehistoricalfactoftheatomicbombardmentinHiroshimaandwithitsimpactuponpeople’slives.2)ToacquaintstudentswithJapananditstraditionsrevealedinthetext.3)Toenablestudentstorecognizethefactsandtheauthor’sopinions.4)Toenablestudentstoappreciatethereportorialwriting.BackgroundInformationJapanNationalName:NipponGeography:Fourmainislands:Honshu(本州),Hokkaido(北海道),Kyushu(九州),andShikoku(四國)Area:371,857sq.km.Population:122,700,000(1988).Capital:Tokyo

Sept.1,1939HitlerinvadedPoland.FranceandBritaindeclaredwaronGermanyimmediately,officiallybeginningWorldWarIIJun.22,1941GermanyinvadedUSSRDec.7,1941 PearlHarbourSept.1943 ItalysurrenderedMay.7,1945 Gr.surrenderedunconditionally

Aug.6,1945 thefirstA-bombexplodedinHiroshimaAug.8,1945 USSRdeclaredwaronJapanAug.9,1945 thedroppingofthesecondA-bombonNagasakiAug.14,1945 Japanannounceditssurrender

AtomicBomb:Theexplosionproducesgreatamountsofheat,ashockwaveandintenseradiation.Theregionoftheexplosionbecomesradioactivelycontaminatedandradioactiveproductsmaybedepositedelsewhereasfallout.放射塵

At8:15a.m.onAugust6,1945,byorderofPresidentTruman,thefirstAtomicbomb,nicknamedLittleBoywasexplodedoverapointnearthecentreofHiroshima,destroyingalmosteverythingwithinaradiusof830-1,450meters.

Thedamagebeyondthisareawasconsiderable,andover71,000peoplewerekilledinstantly.Manymorelaterdiedofinjuriesandtheeffectsofradiation.Casualtiesnumberednearly130,000.

Survivorsarestilldyingofleukaemia,perniciousanaemiaandotherdiseasesinducedbyradiation.Almost98%ofthebuildingsweredestroyedorseverelydamaged.

TheJapanesededicatedpost-warHiroshimato

peace以...奉獻(xiàn),以...供奉.Adestroyedareanamed"PeaceCity"hasbeensetasideasamemorial.ApeaceParkwasbuilt.Aspecialhospitalbuiltheretreatspeoplesufferingfromexposuretoradiationandconductsresearchintoitseffects.原子彈爆炸圖廣島和平紀(jì)念公園8月6日向原子彈轟炸死難者紀(jì)念碑獻(xiàn)花小姑娘掛出彩色紙鶴為遇難者祈禱1945年，蒂貝茨和他的“艾諾拉-蓋伊”B-29轟炸機(jī)執(zhí)行任務(wù)前向戰(zhàn)友揮手二戰(zhàn)期間在日本廣島投下第一顆原子彈的美國飛行員、美國陸軍退役準(zhǔn)將保羅?蒂貝茨2007年在美國俄亥俄州的家中去世，終年92歲。他的朋友紐豪斯說，蒂貝茨吩咐在他去世后不舉行喪禮，不安放墓碑，因?yàn)樗麚?dān)心他的墓地可能變成一個反核示威的場所。1945年8月6日和9日，美國分別向廣島和長崎投下原子彈。8月15日，日本正式向盟軍投降，第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束。紀(jì)念廣島二戰(zhàn)原子彈爆炸60周年活動的“安諾拉?蓋伊”號空中堡壘轟炸機(jī)上的三名機(jī)組人員包括飛行員蒂貝茨、領(lǐng)航員凡科爾克和武器測試員杰普森。三人當(dāng)時表示，“使用原子彈武器是歷史的必然。我們對此毫不后悔。”蒂貝茨將軍當(dāng)時說：“成千上萬的前軍人和他們的家屬都以特別感人的方式說，如果當(dāng)時是以入侵日本本土的方式來結(jié)束二戰(zhàn)的話，他們當(dāng)中的很多人都不會活到今天?！盌etailedStudyoftheText1.slip:tomoveglidingly,smoothly,secretlyorunnoticed

2.lump:amassofsth.solidwithoutaspecialsizeorshapealumpoflead,sugarahardswellingonthebodyShewasafraidwhenshefeltalumpinherleftbreast.tohavealumpinone'sthroat:tohaveatightfeelinginthethroatbecauseofstrongemotion,suchassorrow,pity,gratitude,orexcitement,etc.Allduringherhusband'sfuneral,shehadalumpinherthroat.

3.onmymind:troublingone‘sthoughts,causinganxiety,unhappiness.Whenyouhavesth.onyourmind,youarecompletelypreoccupied全神貫注andobsessed時刻困擾.

Hisfailureweighsheavilyonhismind.Hehasgottoomuchonhismindtoworryabouthisexamination.

cf:inone'smind:thinkabout,thinkofIthinkIknowwhat'sinyourmind.Hermotherwasalwaysinhermind.

4.theveryactofsteppingonthissoil:onthissoil:onthisland,onthisearth,ground(soil:anemotiveword)

Apersoninexilecomesbacktohismotherland,hekneelsdowntokissthesoil.Hereitsuggeststheemotionoftheauthor.HethinkshiscountryisresponsiblefortheA-bombdestruction.Heispreoccupied.Hehasthefeelingofatoningforthecrime.

5.adventure:ajourneythatisstrangeandexcitingandoftendangerous,sth.youdoorasituationyoubecomeinvolvedinisratherunusual,excitinganddangerous.TheAdventuresofTomSawyerTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn

6.reportorial:of/aboutareportertheadj.formofreporter7.preoccupy:tofillone'smindcompletelysothatnotenoughattentionisgiventootherpresentmattersWhenheispreoccupiedwithhishobby,hehasnoideaofwhatisgoingonaroundhim.

Iwastoopreoccupiedtohearthebell.

preoccupation:extremeconcernforsth.Readingishismainpreoccupation

Iwastotallyabsorbedintheconsiderationofthecrime,buttheJapanesedidnotappeartobeso.

8.rubshoulderswith:tomeetandmixwith(people)Iliketorubshoulderswithallkindsofpeople.

9.oblivious:beunawareof,notnoticing,unconsciousofTheirgovernmentisobliviousoftherightsofthepoor.Iamobliviousofmyformerfailure.IwassopreoccupiedwiththebeautifulwomanImetonthebusthatIwasobliviousofthepickpocketbesideme.

10.bob:tomoveupanddownquicklyandrepeatedly

Thecorkonthefishinglinebobbedupanddownonthewater.11.rite:aceremonialactwithafixedpattern,usu.forareligiouspurposeIdon'tknowmuchabouttheritesoftheweddingceremony.ceremonial/burial/marriagerites

12.formula:anexpressionwhichisoftenusedinaparticularsituation=Theyexchangedthesetofconventionallyfixedpatternofdailygreetings.

13.facade:frontorfaceofabuildingtowardsastreetoropenplace14.grin:broadsmilethatshowstheteeth.Itintendstoimplynaivecheerfulness.15.rear-viewmirror:amirror(asinanautomobile)thatgivesaviewoftheareabehindthevehicle

16.martyr:personwhoisputtodeathorcausedtosufferforhisbeliefsamartyrtoacause/love殉難者

Eternallifetotherevolutionarymartyrs!

17.lurch:tomovewithirregularsuddenmovements,tomoveunsteadily,clumsily,withheavyrollingandswayingbackandforthTheboatgavealurchsidewaystowardstherocks.小船突然向礁石一邊傾側(cè)18.inresponseto:asananswertoSheopenedthedoorinresponsetotheknock.

TwiceIputtherequesttohimbuthesaidnothinginresponse.

19.twist:towindanumberofthreads,etc.togethertomakearopebytwistingthreadstotwistthecapofabottleHetwistedmyarm.

20.screech:tomakeasharp,high-pitchednoise21.halt:tostoporpause,mainlyusedinthephrase"cometoahalt"22.ignorance:lackofknowledgePleaseforgivemyignorance.Weareincompleteignoranceofhisplan.

23.Toignoresth.istopretendnottoknoworseeit.Shesawhimcomingbutignoredhim.Itisnotaquestionthatcanbeignored.

24.neglect:failtodosth.becauseofcarelessnessHeneglectedtoreturnthebooktothelibrary.Don'tneglecttolock(locking)thedoorwhenyouleave.

neglect:togivenoortoolittleattentionorcaretoYouareneglectingyourwork/ermezzo:shortmusicalcompositiontobeplayedbetweentheactsofadramaoranopera.Thiswordisusedmetaphoricallyandlighted-heartedlyhere.

26.IfoundmyselfinfrontofthegiganticCityHall.cf:Igottothefrontof...Thefirstsentenceindicatessuddenness,unconsciousness.=IsuddenlydiscoveredthatIwasinfrontoftheCityHall.

gigantic:titanic,massive,huge,aclosesynonymofgiant27.usher:officialdoorkeeper,amanwhoshowspeopletotheirseatsonanimportantoccasion,(orinatheatreorcinema)Thegirlusheredmetomyseat.

28.heave:togiveout(asadsound)

Weallheavedasighofreliefwhentheworkwasdone.

29.sketch:todrawroughlyandquicklywithoutlinesbutlittledetail30.embankment:awidewallofstonesorearth,whichisbuilttokeepariverfromoverflowingitsbanks31.barge:alargelowboatwithaflatbottom,usedmainlyforcarryingheavygoodsonacanalorriver32.moor:tofasten(aship,boat)toland,tothebedofthesea,etc.bymeansofropes,chainsandananchor,etc.

33.arresting:striking,attractingandholdingattention.anarrestingbeauty/storyarrest:tocatchandfix(esp.sb.'sattention)Thegirl’scomingarreststheboy'sattention.

34.spectacle:sth.seen,sth.takingplacebeforetheeyes,esp.sth.fineandremarkable

Theeruptingvolcanoisawonderfulspectacle.

35.adrift:afloatwithoutcontrol,drivenaboutbytheseaorwinda-hasthemeaningof"away,from,of,in,on,etc."aboard:ontheboard,ontheboatafire:tosetsth.onfireThehousewasafire.afloat:onwaterafoot:onfootIcameafoot.

36.beige:淺褐色paleyellowishbrown37.amid:(fml.andlit.)among,inthemiddleof38.incessant:neverstopping.Thewordimpliesceaselessoruninterruptedactivity

39.stun:tomakeunconsciousbyhittingtheheadTherobbersstunnedtheguardbybanginghimonthehead.Hewasstunnedbythenewsofhisfather'sdeath.stunning:veryattractive,delightful,beautiful

40.costume:theclotheswornbypeopleataparticulartimeinhistoryorinaparticularcountry

amuseumofcostumebathing/swimming/ridingcostumeHewasinacademiccostume大學(xué)禮服

inthisphoto.

41.tread:towalkorstep,toputthefootdownon42.cautious:havingorshowinggreatcare,asiftheremightbesomedangerThethiefcautiouslyopenedthedoor.Thetroopsadvancedwithgreatcaution.

43.twinge:asuddensharppaintofeelatwingeintheregionofheartatwingeoftoothache

44.embarrass:tofeelashamedorsociallyuncomfortable

45.prospect:reasonablehope,sth.whichisexpectedorconsideredprobableShewasquiteexcitedbytheprospectofseeinghernetfriendsoon.Thescandalruinedhisprospects.Iseenoprospectofhisrecovery.

46.emotion:anyofthestrongfeelingsofthehumanspiritLove,hatred,andgriefareemotions.=Iwasagainovercome受不了bythesamesenseofguiltyasIhadexperiencedwhenIfirstarrivedatthestation.

47.bombardment:attack,onslaughtbombard:toattackwithartillery,shells,orbombers48.slay(slew,slain):(lit.)tokillormurder,esp.violently

cf:kill:Itissogeneralthatitmerelystatesthefact,anddoesn'thavemanyconnotationstotakemedicinetokillthepainWhatyouhavesaidkilledmyhope.vegetablekilledbythefrosttokilltimeThepresidentkilledtheproject.

slay:v(fml.)kill(espanenemy)inaviolentway.Itimplieskillingbyforceorwildly,inanuncontrolledway.ItisrarelyusedinspokenEnglish,butitoftenoccursinwrittenEnglishAtruckdriverwasslainbytheterroristsinIraq.

murder:

tokillwithamotive,aplaninadvanceThebanditsmurderedthemanforhismoney.assassinate:

kill(espanimportantorfamousperson)formoneyorforpoliticalreasonsaplottoassassinatethepresident

slaughter:a.kill(ananimal),usuforfoodb.kill(animalsorpeople)inlargenumbersbutcher:a.killandprepare(animals)formeatb.(derog.)kill(peopleoranimals)brutallyexecute:kill(sb)asalegalpunishmentHewasexecutedforbankrobbery.

massacre:cruelkillingofalargenumber(ofpeopleoranimals)suicide:n.killingoneselfintentionallycommitsuicide49.lingeron:toliveonthepointofdeathforsometime,esp.whensufferingfromadisease,beslowindying

Thepainlingeredonforweeks(wasslowtodisappear).

He'snobetter,buthe'slingeringonbysheerwillpower.

linger:towaitforatimewhichisconsideredtoolonginsteadofgoing,delaygoingSheshouldn'thavelingeredaftertheothershadleft---thatwasfatal.

50.agony:verygreatpain,intolerablesufferingofmindorbodyHesufferedagoniesfromhisbrokenarm.theagonyofdefeatandthethrillofvictory

51.inhibit:causeonetosuppresscertainthoughtsordesiresbecauseoftheenvironmentalconditionThismedicinewillinhibitthespreadofthedisease.

inhibited:(ofpeople'scharacter)unabletoexpresswhatonereallyfeelsTheyweretooinhibitedtolaughfreely.

52.agitate:tostir,upset,disturbThespeechagitatedthecrowd.agitated:emotionallydisturbedandexcitedTheaudiencewasagitated.agitator:personwhostirsuppublicopinion,esp.onapoliticalmatter

53.assent:(fml.)agreement,anacceptance(ofastatement)astrueThecommitteeassentedtoourproposals.Theteacheransweredwithabriefnodofassent.

54.sinkin:penetrate,befullyabsorbedorunderstood,Iftheinksinksin,it'llbehardtoremovethespotfromthecloth.Ithinkthelessonhassunkin,hewon'tmakethesamemistakeagain.

55.jolt:toshakeorbeshockedWithatremendousjoltthecarstopped.Thenewswasajolttome.

56.reverie:dreamythinking,esp.ofagreeablethings,daydreamingHelovedtoindulgeinreveriesabouthisfuture.Hewasawakenedfromhisreveriebytheteacher'squestion.Shesatatthewindow,deepinreverie.

57.heinous:(lit)(ofwickedpeopleoracts)veryshameful,hatefullyandshockinglyevil,TheNanjingmassacrewasaheinouscrimecommittedbytheJapanese.

58.confess:admit

Ifyouconfesssth.orconfesstosth.,youadmitthatyouhavedonesth.thatyoufeelashamedofconfession:areligiousserviceatwhichapersontellshisfaultstoapriest

Inusage,confessandadmitarealmostthesame

59.cataclysm:aviolentandsuddenchangeorevent,esp.aseriousfloodorearthquakeorawar60.trace:avisiblemarkorsignoftheformerpresenceofathingoreventWesawtracesofrabbitsandsquirrelsonthesnow.

61.preserve:(fml.orlit.)tokeepfromdestruction,toprotectPolicemenpreserveorderinthestreets.Fisharepreservediniceandsaltuntiltheyaresold.Nohuntingisallowedinthepreserve.

62.erect:(fml.)tobuildorestablishErectbasicallymeanstosetuprighttoerectaflagpoleManyfactorieswereerectedduringthatperiod.

63.impact:collision,astrikingofonebodyagainstanotherWeseetheimpactofmodernscienceonoursociety.Thebookmadeagreatimpactonitsreaders.

64.demolish:pulldownorteardown,todestroyTheautomobilewasdemolishedinacollisionwiththetrain.

65.somehow:insomewaynotyetknownorstated,forsomereasonthatisnotclearSomehowhewasafraidofher.IthoughtIknewtheway,butsomehowIgotlost.

66.belly:(infml.)abdomen,stomach&pauncharesynonymswhennamingthefrontpartofthehumantrunkbelowthechestabdomen:medicaltermstomach:Whenusednon-technically,itmeansabdomen,butspecificallymeanstheorganwhichdigestsfood.

belly:aninformaltermforabdomen,suggestingroundness.Hehasalargebelly.paunch:aderogatoryandhumorousterm,meaningfatstomach,esp.aman's.Themanhasapaunch/apotbelly/apaunchybelly/ispaunchy.

67.spare:tokeepfromharming,punishingorattackingTakemymoneybutsparemylife.Laydownyourarmsandwe'llspareyourlives.Theenemyweresoheinousthattheyevenrefusedtosparethenew-borns.

affordtogiveCanyouspareme5minutes?Canyouspareanextraticketforme?68.feelsick:vomit,upsetinthestomachsoastowanttothrowupwhatisinit.Hebegantofeelsickassoonastheshipstartedtomove.

69.orelse:orifnot,orotherwise.Thisexpressionisbasicallyusedasathreat.Hemustpay$100orelsegotojail.DowhatItellyouorelse!

70.commit:a.todo,toperformsth.bad,wrongorunlawfultocommitanerror/manyhorriblecrimesb.toordersb.tobeplacedunderthecontrolofanotherorinamentalhospitalThejudgecommittedhimtoprison.

c.topromisetoundertake,makeoneselfresponsible

Thegovernmenthascommittedmoremoneytoimprovingbasiceducation.Hewasfullycommittedtotheplan.71.humiliate:tocausetofeelhumbleortolosetherespectofothers,tohurttheprideordignityof

Hehumiliatedherbeyondendurance.72.encounter:tomeetorbefacedbysth.bad,esp.adangeroradifficulty

Whatifweshouldencounterabear?

73.prejudice:anunreasonable,unfairdislikeorpreferenceofsb.orsthPrejudiceagainstwomenisbecominglesssevere.racial/nationalprejudice

74.onthepartof:by,ofIapologizeforanymistakeonmypart.75.scar:amarkremainingontheskinoranorganfromawound,cut,andetc.

76.victim:aperson,animalorthingthatsufferspain,death,destruction,etc.asaresultofotherpeople'sactions,ofillness,badluck,etc.tsunamivictims77.geneticdamage:adamageorillnesswhichhasbeenpassedonorinheritedandwillbepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration78.earthly:ofthisworldasopposedtoheaven;materialworldlyasopposedtospiritualearthlycare:dailylifeandworries,caresontheearthwhichisincontrastwiththatinheaven,indeath.

StructuralAnalysisPartI:(para1.)TheArrivalPartII:(TheJapanese...thekimonoandtheminiskirt.)WaytoCityHallPartIII:(Atthedoor...)MeetingtheMayorPartIV:(thehospital)AttheHospitalWritingStyle

Narration:

Thetellingofastory.Agoodnarrationhasabeginning,amiddleandanend.

Inanarrativewriting,theactionsortheincidents,eventsaregenerallypresentedinorderoftheiroccurrence,followingthenaturaltimesequenceofthehappenings,ItiscalledtobeinChronologicalorder.Butitcanalsostartinthemiddleoratsomeotherpointintheactionandmovebackwardtotheearlierhappenings.Thisiscalledflashback.

Therearethreebasiccomponentsofanarration:a.Plot:theframeofthewriting,whichconsistsofaseriesofevents.Thereareusu.oneorseveralclimaxes,thehighestpointofthestory,withsuspensions,conflicts,toarousetheinterestoftheaudience.Aftertheclimaxisreached,thestoryquicklymovestoaconclusion.

b.Characters:theleadingcharacteriscalledtheheroorprotagonist.c.Background:thetimeandplaceofthestoryTheplotusuallydominatesnarration,however,somenarrativesfocusoncharacterorthemeoratmosphere.WritingTechnique

Hiroshimasymbolizeswarcrime,sin,death,terror,etc.Inhisdescriptionofthesceneryandofhisownemotion,theauthorfeltsorrowfulandrepentant.Buthewrotethisreportorialinahumoristway.

Humour:seriouslookingmen,bobupanddown,meetingthemayorinhissocks,spinalcolumnflexible,Hiroshima---oysters,smallmanwithverylargeeye-glasses,hiseyesnearlyclosedbehindtheirthicklenses,etc.RhetoricIrony:afigureofspeechinwhichthemeaningliterallyexpressedistheoppositeofthemeaningintendedandwhichaimsatridicule,humourorsarcasm.Hiroshima---theLiveliestCityinJapancongratulatemyselfonthegoodfortunethatmyillnesshasbroughtmeThishardworkingboyseldomreadsmorethananhourperweek.

Anti-Climax:thesuddenappearanceofanabsurdortrivialideafollowingaserioussignificantideas.Thisdeviceisusu.aimedatcreatingcomicorhumorouseffects.atownknownthroughouttheworldforits---oystersThedutiesofasoldieraretoprotectiscountryandpeelpotatoes.WhereshallIfindhope,happiness,friends,cigarettes?Weoftenjokedabouthispassionateloveforhiswife,hislittledaughter,hiscatandhisash-tray.Forg