國(guó)際商法PartIntellectualPropertyLaw知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法

IntellectualPropertyLawPartI

IntroductiontoIntellectualProperty(Law)I.WhatisIntellectualProperty1.DefinitionIntellectualproperty,verybroadly,meansthelegalrightswhichresultfromintellectualactivityintheindustrial,scientific,literaryandartisticfields.2.Scopeofintellectualpropertyrights（Dynamic）CopyrightandRelatedRights(版權(quán)及相關(guān)權(quán))Trademarks(商標(biāo))Patents(專利)/InventionsLayout-Designs(Topographies)ofIntegratedCircuits(集成電路布圖設(shè)計(jì))PlantVarieties(植物新品種)2.Source

of

International

IPLaw2.1ComprehensiveAgreementsTRIPS《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》(AgreementonTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualProperty)TRIPS是WTO體系下的一個(gè)多邊條約，其宗旨是期望減少國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的扭曲和障礙，促進(jìn)對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)充分、有效的保護(hù)，保證知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的執(zhí)法措施與程序不至于變成合法的障礙。2.2ArtisticAgreementBerneConvention《伯爾尼公約》(TheBerneConventionfortheProtectionofLiteraryandArtisticWorks)：最早的國(guó)際版權(quán)公約，1887年生效。《伯爾尼公約》的實(shí)施管理最初由伯爾尼聯(lián)盟國(guó)際局負(fù)責(zé)，1967年起由世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織（WIPO）負(fù)責(zé)。2.3IndustrialPropertyAgreementParisConvention《保護(hù)工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)巴黎公約》（ParisConventionontheProtectionofIndustrialProperty）：簡(jiǎn)稱《巴黎公約》，1883年3月20日在巴黎簽訂，1884年7月7日生效。保護(hù)范圍是工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)，包括發(fā)明專利權(quán)、實(shí)用新型、工業(yè)品外觀設(shè)計(jì)、商標(biāo)權(quán)、服務(wù)標(biāo)記、廠商名稱、產(chǎn)地標(biāo)記或原產(chǎn)地名稱以及制止不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)等。MadridAgreement《商標(biāo)國(guó)際注冊(cè)馬德里協(xié)定》（MadridAgreementConcerningtheInternationalRegistrationofMarks）：1967年7月14日簽訂于斯德哥爾摩，于1989年5月25日生效，是用于規(guī)定、規(guī)范國(guó)際商標(biāo)注冊(cè)的國(guó)際條約。PartIICopyright

andRelatedRights1.SubjectMatter(保護(hù)對(duì)象)Literary,ArtisticandScientificWorksLiteraryworks(文字作品):novels,poems,dramaticworksandanyotherwritings,computerprograms;Musical

works(音樂(lè)作品):songs,choruses,operas;Artistic

works(美術(shù)作品):

drawings,paintings,sculptures,architecturalworks;Cinematographicworks(電影作品):motionpicturesormoviesCompilations(匯編作品):

DatabasesDerivativeworks(派生作品):includingtranslations,adaptations

(改編),andarrangements

(整理).2.Whatisprotectableandwhatisnot?2.1Idea/ExpressionDichotomy思想/表達(dá)二分法Copyrightprotectionshallextendtoexpressionsandnottoideas,procedures,methodsofoperationormathematicalconceptsassuch.(TRIPS,Art.9.2)2.2ThresholdofProtection(版權(quán)保護(hù)的最低要求)Originality(獨(dú)創(chuàng)性)or

IntellectualCreation

(智力創(chuàng)作)Authorship

(作者創(chuàng)作)Fixation

(固定)(1)Originality(獨(dú)創(chuàng)性)/IntellectualCreation

(智力創(chuàng)作)Doesn’tmeanQuality

or

aestheticvalue

(審美價(jià)值)Doesn’tneedNovelty(新穎性)

oradvance

(進(jìn)步)Anauthorgetsacopyrightinanindependentlycreatedworkeveniftheworkissimilartoapre-existingone.(獨(dú)立創(chuàng)作的雷同作品亦可享有版權(quán))(2)Authorship

(作者創(chuàng)作)Copyrightableworkshouldbetheresultofintellectualcreation.(3)Fixation

(固定)US:Workstobeprotectablebycopyrightmustbefixedinanytangiblemedium

(有形介質(zhì))…fromwhichtheycanbeperceived,reproduced,orotherwisecommunicated...(section102,CopyrightAct1976)3.CopyrightandRelatedRights3.1NatureofCopyrightAswithotherintellectualpropertyrights,copyrightisan

“exclusiveright”toauthorizeotherstousetheprotectedwork.Thecoreofcopyrightispreventingothersfromusingcopyrightedworkwithoutauthorization.3.2RightsComprisedinCopyrightEconomicRights

(經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利)MoralRights(精神權(quán)利)RelatedRights(鄰接權(quán))3.3MajorEconomic

RightsEconomicRights

(經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利)areconcernedwithprotectingtheeconomicinterestsofcopyrightowners.Right

of

Reproduction(復(fù)制權(quán)):therighttopreventothersfrommakingcopiesofhisworks.Therightofreproductionisthemost

basic

right

under

copyright.Right

of

Performance

(表演權(quán)):Exclusiverightofauthorizingpublicperformanceofworks,includingsuchpublicperformancebyanymeansorprocess.Right

of

Distribution(發(fā)行權(quán)):theexclusiverightofauthorizingthemakingavailabletothepublicoftheoriginalandcopiesoftheirworksthroughsaleorothertransferofownership.(通過(guò)買賣或其他轉(zhuǎn)移所有權(quán)的方式向公眾提供作品原件或復(fù)制件)3.4Moral

RightsMoralRights(精神權(quán)利)areconcernedwithprotectingthepersonalityandreputationofauthors.Therighttoclaimauthorshipofthework

(作者身份權(quán))Therighttoobjecttoanydistortion(歪曲),mutilation(毀損)orother

modification(修改)of,orotherderogatory(貶損)actioninrelationtothework.3.5RelatedRightsRightsofperformers,producersofphonograms(soundrecordings)andbroadcastingorganizations.4.Term

of

Protection(保護(hù)期)TheBerneConvention:Thetermofprotectiongrantedbyis

thelifeoftheauthorandfiftyyearsafter

hisdeath.Inthecaseofaworkofjointauthorship,

thetermshallbecalculatedfromthedeathofthelast

survivingauthor.

Chinaadoptsthisrule.China:thesameastheBerneConvention.EuropeanUnionandtheUS:extendingcopyrighttermstolifeoftheauthorplus70yearsandforworksofcorporateauthorshipto120yearsaftercreationor95yearsafterpublication,whicheverendpointisearlier.PartIII

Trademark

Law1.IntroductionofTrademark1.1DefinitionTrademarkisanysign,oranycombinationofsignscapableofdistinguishingthegoodsorservicesofoneundertakingfromthoseofotherundertakings.1.2FunctionIndicatingsourcesInformingconsumersGeneratinggoodwill(商譽(yù))2.CriteriaofProtectabilityDistinctiveness

(顯著性、識(shí)別性):thefunctiontodistinguishproductsorservices.Thedistinctivecharacteroftrademarksmustbeevaluatedinrelationtothecontext,namelythegoodsorservicestowhichthetrademarkisapplied.Publicorderandmorality

(公序良俗)3.ExclusionsfromRegistrationSignsconflictwithearliernon-trademarkrights,suchascopyright,patent,name,design,portrait,publicityFunctionalsigns:signs(generallyshapesorpackages)resultingfromthenatureofthegood,necessarytoobtainatechnicalresultorsubstantiallyvaluableforthegooditself.4.Trademark

RightsTheownerofaregisteredtrademarkshallhavetheexclusiverighttopreventallthirdpartiesnothavingtheowner’sconsentfromusinginthecourseoftradeidenticalorsimilarsignsforgoodsorserviceswhichareidenticalorsimilartothoseinrespectofwhichthetrademarkisregisteredwheresuchusewouldresultinalikelihoodofconfusion.

PartIV

PatentLaw1.IntroductionPatentisasetof

exclusiverights

grantedbya

state

(nationalgovernment)toaninventorortheirassigneefora

limitedperiodoftime

inexchangeforapublicdisclosureofan

invention.Majortypesofpatents:(invention-creation)InventionUtilityModelIndustrialDesign第二條本法所稱的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造是指發(fā)明、實(shí)用新型和外觀設(shè)計(jì)。2.PatentableSubjectMatter：GeneralRules專利保護(hù)要件Patentsshallbeavailableforanyinventions,whetherproductsorprocesses,inallfieldsoftechnology,providedthattheyarenew,involveaninventivestepandarecapableofindustrialapplication.(TRIPSArt.27)Utility(實(shí)用性)：Theinventionmustbecapableofbeingusedinanykindofindustry.Novelty(新穎性)：Aninventionmustnothavebeenavailabletothepublicpriortotheapplicationdate.InventiveStep(創(chuàng)造性，進(jìn)步性)：Theinventionmustnotmerelybesomethingnew;itmustrepresentadevelopmentoverpriorart.3.ExceptionsofPatentabilityArticle25Foranyofthefollowing,nopatentrightshallbegranted:對(duì)下列各項(xiàng)，不授予專利權(quán)scientificdiscoveries科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)：本身并不是一種技術(shù)方案，不是專利法意義上所說(shuō)的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，不能直接實(shí)施用以解決一定領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的特定技術(shù)問(wèn)題，因而不能被授予專利權(quán)。rulesandmethodsformentalactivities智力活動(dòng)的規(guī)則和方法:人的大腦進(jìn)行精神和智能活動(dòng)的手段或過(guò)程，是一種抽象的東西，作用僅是指導(dǎo)人們對(duì)其表達(dá)的信息進(jìn)行思維、判斷和記憶，不需要采用技術(shù)手段或者遵守自然法則，不具備技術(shù)特征，因而不能被授予專利權(quán)。比如，交通行車規(guī)則、字典的編排方法、情報(bào)檢索的方法、速算法或口訣。methodsforthediagnosisorforthetreatmentofdiseases;疾病的診斷和治療方法（這類方法以人體或者動(dòng)物作為直接實(shí)施對(duì)象，涉及健康，不能為少數(shù)人所獨(dú)占）animalandplantvarieties;動(dòng)物和植物品種（動(dòng)物和植物是自然生成的，不是人們創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的，不能以工業(yè)方法生產(chǎn)，不具備專利法意義上的創(chuàng)造性和實(shí)用性）substancesobtainedbymeansofnucleartransformation.用原子核變換方法獲得的物質(zhì)（由于用原子核變換方法獲得的物質(zhì)關(guān)系到國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)、國(guó)防、科研和公共生活的重大利益，關(guān)系國(guó)家安全，不宜公開(kāi)）Forprocessesusedinproducingproductsreferredtoinitems(4)oftheprecedingparagraph,patentrightmaybegrantedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisLaw.對(duì)前款第（四）項(xiàng)所列產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)方法，可以依照本法規(guī)定授予專利權(quán)。4.PatentRightsApatenteehastheexclusiverightstoexploithispatentedinventionasfollowing:Productpatent:topreventthirdpartiesnothavingtheowner’sconsentfromtheactsof:making,using