2023年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題試卷

2023年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題試卷（第三套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayaboutacampusactivitythathasbenefitedyoumost.Youshouldstatethereasonsandwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.A)Shewillgopurchasethegiftherself. B)Thegiftshouldnotbetooexpensive.C)Themanisnotgoodatbalancinghisbudget. D)TheyaregoingtoJane'shouse-warmingparty.2.A)Ittakespatiencetogothroughthestatistics. B)Hehaspreparedthestatisticsforthewoman.C)Thewomanshouldtakeacourseinstatistics. D)Heisquitewillingtogivethewomanahand.3.A)Themanwantstomakesomechangeinthescripts.B)Thewomandoesnottaketherecordingseriously.C)Theycannotbegintheirrecordingrightaway.D)Page55ismissingfromthewoman'sscripts.4.A)AsignificanteventinJuly. B)Preparationsforawedding.C)ThedateofCarl'swedding. D)ThebirthdayofCarl'sbride.5.A)Themanwasinchargeofschedulingmeetings.B)Themanwasabsentfromtheweeklymeeting.C)Theywomanwasannoyedattheman'sexcuse.D)Thewomanforgottotellthemaninadvance.6.A)Thewomanisamarvelouscook. B)Themancannotwaitforhismeal.C)Thewomanhasjustboughtanoven. D)Themanhastoleaveinhalfanhour.7.A)Whetherthemancankeephisjob. B)Wherethemangotthebadnews.C)Whatitemssellwellinthestore. D)Howshecanbesthelptheman.8.A)Thewomancansignupforaswimmingclass.B)Heworksinthephysicaleducationdepartment.C)Thewomanhasthepotentialtoswimlikeafish.D)Hewouldliketoteachthewomanhowtoswim.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Heteachesinalawschool. B)Helovesclassicalmusic.C)Heisadiplomat. D)Heisawonderfullecturer.10.A)Wenttoseeaplay. B)Watchedasoccergame.C)Tooksomephotos. D)Attendedadance.11.A)Shedecidedtogetmarriedinthreeyears. B)HermotherobjectedtoEric'sflyinglessons.C)SheinsistedthatEricpursuegraduatestudies. D)HerfathersaidshecouldmarryEricrightaway.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Editor. B)Teacher. C)Journalist. D)Typist.13.A)ThebeautifulAmazonrainforests. B)Anewrailwayunderconstruction.C)BigchangesintheAmazonvalley. D)Somenewlydiscoveredscenicspot.14.A)Innewsweeklies. B)Innewspapers'Sundayeditions.C)Inalocaleveningpaper. D)InoverseaseditionsofU.S.magazines.15.A)Tobeemployedbyanewspaper. B)Tobecomeaprofessionalwriter.C)Tosellherarticlestonewsservice. D)Togetherlifestorypublishedsoon.PassageOne Questions16to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.16.A)Noddingone'shead. B)Wavingone'shand.C)Holdinguptheforefinger. D)Turningtherightthumbdown.17.A)Lookingawayfromthem. B)Formingacirclewithfingers.C)Bowingone'sheadtothem. D)Wavingorpointingtothem.18.A)Lookingone'ssuperiorintheeye. B)Keepingone'sarmsfoldedwhiletalking.C)Showingthesoleofone'sfoottoaguest. D)Usingalotofgesturesduringaconversation.PassageTwo Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theyhadtobegforfoodaftertheharvest. B)Theygrewwheatandcornonasmallfarm.C)Theysharedasmallflatwiththeirrelatives. D)Thechildrenwalkedtoschoolondirtroads.20.A)TourEcuador'sAndesMountains. B)Earnananimalincomeof$2,800.C)Purchaseaplottobuildahomeon. D)Sendtheirchildrentoschool.21.A)TheachievementsoftheTrickleUpProgram. B)Anewworldwideeconomicrevolution.C)Differentformsofassistancetotheneedy. D)Thelifeofpoorpeopleindevelopingcountries.PassageThree Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theyarehighlysensitivetocold. B)Theyarevitallyimportanttoourlife.C)Theyarealivingpartofourbody. D)Theyareachiefsourceofourpain.23.A)Ithastoberemovedintimebyadentist. B)Itisarareoraldiseaseamongoldpeople.C)Itcontainsmanynervesandbloodvessels. D)Itisastickyandcolorlessfilmontheteeth.24.A)Itcanchangeintoacidscausingdamagetotheiroutercovering.B)Itgreatlyreducestheirresistancetotheattacksofbacteria.C)Itmakestheirnervesandbloodvesselsmoresensitivetoacidfood.D)Itcombineswithfoodparticlestoformafilmontheirsurface.25.A)Foodparticles.B)Gumdisease.C)Unhealthylivinghabits.D)Chemicalerosion.Stuntpeople(替身演員)arenotmoviestars,buttheyarethehiddenheroesofmanymovies.Theywerearoundlongbeforefilms.EvenShakespearemayhaveusedtheminfightscenes.Tobegood,afightscenehastolookreal.Punchesmust__26__enemies'jaws.Swordfightsmustbefoughtwith__27__swords.Severalactorsarcusuallyinafightscene.Theirmovesmustbesetupsothatnoonegetshurt.Itisalmostlikeplanningadanceperformance.Ifamoviesceneisdangerous,stuntpeopleusually__28__thestars.YoumaythinkyouseeTomCruiserunningalongthetopofatrain.Butitis__29__hisstuntdouble.Stuntpeoplemust__30__thestarstheystandinfor.Theirheightandbuildshouldbeaboutthesame.Butwhenclose-upsareneeded,thefilm__31__thestar.Somestuntpeople__32__incertainkindsofscenes.Forinstance,astuntwomannamedJanDavisdoesallkindsofjumps.Shehasleaptfromplanesandevenoffthetopofawaterfall.Eachjumprequiredcarefulplanningandexpert__33__.YakimaCanuttwasafamouscowboystuntman.Amongotherstunts,hecouldjumpfromasecondstorywindowontoahorse'sback.He__34__thefamoustrickofslidingunderamovingstagecoach.Canuttalso__35__anewwaytomakeapunchlookreal.HewastheonlystuntmanevertogetanOscar.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Oneprincipleoftaxation,calledthebenefitprinciple,statesthatpeopleshouldpaytaxesbasedonthebenefitstheyreceivefromgovernmentservices.Thisprincipletriestomakepublicgoodssimilarto__36__goods.Itseemsreasonablethatapersonwhooftengoestothemoviespaysmorein__37__formovieticketsthanapersonwhorarelygoes.And__38__apersonwhogetsgreatbenefitfromapublicgoodshouldpaymoreforitthanapersonwhogetslittlebenefit.Thegasolinetax,forinstance,issometimes__39__usingthebenefitsprinciple.Insomestates,__40__fromthegasolinetaxareusedtobuildandmaintainroads.Becausethosewhobuygasolinearethesamepeoplewhousetheroads,thegasolinetaxmightbeviewedasa__41__waytopaythisgovernmentservice.Thebenefitsprinciplecanalsobeusedtoarguethatwealthycitizensshouldpayhighertaxesthanpoorerones,__42__becausethewealthybenefitmorefrompublicservices.Consider,forexample,thebenefitsofpoliceprotectionfrom__43__.Citizenswithmuchtoprotectgetgreaterbenefitfrompolicethanthosewithlesstoprotect.Therefore,accordingtothebenefitsprinciple,thewealthyshould__44__morethanthepoortothecostof__45__thepoliceforce.Thesameargumentcanbeusedformanyotherpublicservices,suchasfireprotection,nationaldefense,andthecourtsystem.A)adaptB)contributeC)exertingD)expensesE)fairF)justifiedG)maintainingH)privateI)providedJ)revenuesK)similarlyL)simplyM)theftN)totalO)wealthGrowingUpColored[A]Youwouldn'tknowPiedmontanymore—myPiedmont,Imean—thetowninWestVirginiawhereIlearnedtobeacoloredboy.[B]The1950sinPiedmontwasatimetoremember,oratleasttome.PeoplewerealwaysproudtobefromPiedmont—lyingatthefootofamountain,onthebanksofthemightyPotomac.WeknewGodgaveAmericanomorebeautifullocation.Ineverknewcoloredpeopleanywherewhowerecrazieraboutmountainsandwater,flowersandtrees,fishingandhunting.Foraslongasanyonecouldremember,wecouldouthunt,outshoot,andoutswimthewhiteboysinthevalley.[C]ThesocialstructureofPiedmontwassomethingweknewlikethebackofourhands.Itwasanimmigranttown;whitePiedmontwasItalianandIrish,withahandfulofwealthyWASPs(盎格魯撒克遜裔旳白人新教徒)onEastHampshireStreet,and"ethnic"neighborhoodsofworking-classpeopleeverywhereelse,coloredandwhite.[D]Foraslongasanyonecanremember,Piedmont'scharacterhasbeencompletelyboundupwiththeWestvacopapermill:itsprosperouspastanddoubtfulfuture.Atfirstglance,thetownisatypicaldyingmillcenter.Manyoncebeautifulbuildingsstandempty,evidencingabygonetimeofspiritandpride.ThebighousesonEastHampshireStreetarenolongerproud,astheywerewhenIcet4v[E]LiketheItaliansandtheIrish,mostofthecoloredpeoplemigratedtoPiedmontattheturnofthe20thcenturytoworkatthepapermill,whichopenedin1888.Allthecoloredmenatthepapermillworkedon"theplatform"—loadingpaperintotrucksuntilthecraftunionswerefinallyintegratedin1968.LoadingiswhatDaddydideveryworkingdayofhislife.That'swhatalmosteverycoloredgrown-upIknewdid.[F]Coloredpeoplelivedinthreeneighborhoodsthatwereclearlyseparated.WelcometotheColoredZone,alargestretchedbannercouldhavesaid.Anditfeltgoodinthere,likewalkingaroundyourhouseinbarefeetandunderwear,orsnoringrightoutloudonthecouchinfrontoftheTV—envelopedbythecomfortsofhome,thewarmthofthoseyoulove.[G]Ofcourse,thecoloredworldwasnotsomuchaneighborhoodasaconditionofexistence.Andthoughourownworldwasseeminglyself-contained,itimpactedonthewhiteworldofPiedmontinalmosteverydirection.Certainly,thebordersofourworldseemedtobeimpactedonwhensomewhitemanorwomanshowedupwhereheorshedidnotbelong,suchasattheblackLegionHall.Ourspacewasviolatedwhenoneofthemshowedupatadanceoraparty.Therhythmswouldbeoff.Themusicwouldsoundnotquiteright:attemptstopatthebeatoffjustso.Everybodywouldleaveearly.[H]Before1955,mostwhitepeoplewerejustshadowypresencesinourworld,vaguefiguresofpowerlikeremotebossesatthemillortellersatthebank.Therewereexceptions,ofcourse,thewhitepeoplewhowouldcomeintoourworldinritualized,everydaywaysweallunderstood.Mr.MailMan,Mr.InsuranceMan,Mr.White-and-ChocolateMilkMan,Mr.LandlordMan,Mr.PoliceMan:wecalledwhitepeoplebytheirtrade,likecharactersinamysteryplay.Mr.InsuranceManwouldcomebyeveryotherweektocollectpremiumsoncollegeordeathpolicies,sometimes50centsorless.[I]"It'snodisgracetobecolored,"theblackentertainerBertWilliamsfamouslyobservedearlyinthecentury,"butitisawfullyinconvenient."Formostofmychildhood,wecouldn'tcatinrestaurantsorsleepinhotels,wecouldn'tusecertainbathroomsortryonclothesinstores.Mamainsistedthatwedressupwhenwewenttoshop.Shewascarefullydressedwhenshewenttoclothingstores,andworewhitepadscalledshieldsunderherarmssoherdressorblousewouldshownosweat."We'dliketotrythison,"she'dsaycarefully,utteringherwordspreciselyandproperly."Wedon'tbuyclotheswecan'ttryon,"she'dsaywhentheydeclined,andwe'dwalkoutinMama'sdignified(有尊嚴(yán)旳)manner.Shepreferredtoshopwherewehadanaccountandwhereeveryoneknewwhoshewas.[J]AttheCut-RateDrugStore,noonecoloredwasallowedtositdownatthecounterortables,withoneexception:myfather.Idon'tknowforcertainwhyCarlDadisman,theowner,wouldn'tstopDaddyfromsittingdown.ButIbelieveitwasinpartbecauseDaddywassolight-colored,andinpartbecause,duringhisshiftatthephonecompany,hepickedupordersforfoodandcoffeefortheoperators.Coloredpeopleweresupposedtostandatthecounter,gettheirfoodtogo,andleave.EvenwhenYoungDocBesswouldsetupthebasketballteamwithfreeCokesafteroneofmanyvictories,thecoloredplayershadtostandaroundanddrinkoutofpapercupswhilethewhiteplayersandcheerleaderssatdownincomfortablechairsanddrankoutofglasses.[K]Icouldn'thavebeenmucholderthanfiveorsixasIsatwithmyfatherattheCut-Rateoneafternoon,enjoyingtwoscoopsofcaramelicecream.Mr.Wilson,astony-faced,broodingIrishman,walkedby."Hello,Mr.Wilson,"myfathersaid."Hello,George."[L]Iwasgenuinelypuzzled.Mr.Wilsonmusthaveconfusedmyfatherwithsomebodyelse,butwho?Thereweren'tanyGeorgesamongthecoloredpeopleinPiedmont."Whydon'tyoutellhimyourname,Daddy?"Iaskedloudly."Yournameisn'tGeorge.""Heknowsmyname,boy,"myfathersaidafteralongpause."HecallsallcoloredpeopleGeorge."[M]Iknewwewouldn'ttalkaboutitagain;evenatthatage,1wasgiventounderstandthatthereweresomesubjectsitdidn'tdotoworrytodeathabout.NowthatIhavechildren,Irealizethatwhatdistressedmyfatherwasn'tsomuchtheMr.Wilsonsoftheworldasthepainfulobligationtoexplaintheracialfactsoflifetosomeonewhohadn'tquitelearnedthemyet.MaybeMr.Wilsoncouldn'thurtmyfatherbycallinghimGeorge;butIhurthimbyaskingtoknowwhy.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。46.Theauthorfeltasaboythathislifeinaseparatedneighborhoodwascasualandcozy.47.Thereiseverysignofdeclineatthepapermillnow.48.Onereasontheauthor'sfathercouldsitandeatatthedrugstorewasthathedidn'tlookthatdark.49.Piedmontwasatownofimmigrantsfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.50.Inspiteoftheawfulinconveniencescausedbyracialprejudice,theauthor'sfamilymanagedtolivealifeofdignity.51.Theauthorlaterrealizedhehadcausedgreatdistresstohisfatherbyaskingwhyhewaswronglyaddressed.52.TheauthortookprideinbeingfromPiedmontbecauseofitsnaturalbeauty.53.Coloredpeoplecalledwhitepeoplebythebusinesstheydid.54.ColoredpeoplewholivedinPiedmontdidheavymanualjobsatthepapermill.55.Thecoloredpeoplefeltuneasyatthepresenceofthewhitesintheirneighborhood.PassageOne Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Childrenareadelight.Theyareourfuture.Butsadly,hiringsomeonetotakecareofthemwhileyougotoworkisgettingmoreexpensivebytheyear.Earlierthismonth,itwasreportedthatthecostofenrollinganinfantorsmallkidatachildcarecenterrose3%in2023,fasterthantheoverallcostofliving.Therearenowlargestripsofthecountrywheredaycareforaninfantcostsmorethanatenthoftheaveragemarriedcouple'sincome.Thisisnotnecessarilyanewtrend,butitisasomewhatpuzzlingone.Thepriceofprofessionalchildcarehasbeenrisingsincethe1980s.Yetduringthattime,payforprofessionalchildcareworkershasstoodstill.Actuallycaregiversmakelesstoday,inrealterms,thantheydidin1990.Consideringthatlaborcostsareresponsibleforupto80%ofadaycarecenter'sexpenses,onewouldexpectflatwagestohavemeantflatprices.Sowho'stoblameforhigherchildcarecosts?Childcareisacarefullyregulatedindustry.Stateslaydownrulesabouthowmanychildreneachemployeeisallowedtowatchover,thespacecarecentersneedperchild,andotherminutedetails.Andthestrictertheregulations,thehigherthecosts.Ifithastohireacaregiverforeverytwochildren,itcan'treallyachieveanyeconomiesofscaleonlabortosavemoneywhenotherexpensesgoup.InMassachusetts,wherechildcarecentersmusthireoneteacherforeverythreeinfants,thepriceofcareaveragedmorethan$16,000peryear.InMississippi,wherecentersmusthireoneteacherforeveryfiveinfants,thepriceofcareaveragedlessthan$5,000.Unfortunately,Idon'thaveallthedaycare-centerregulationshandy.ButIwouldn'tbesurprisedifastheruleshavebecomemoreelaborate,priceshaverisen.Thetradeoff(互換)mightbeworthitinsomecases;afterall,thehealthandsafetyofchildrenshouldprobablycomebeforecheapservice.Butcertainly,itdoesn'tseemtobeanaccidentthatsomeofthecheapestdaycareavailableisintheleastregulatedSouth.56.Whatproblemdoparentsofsmallkidshavetoface?A)Theever-risingchildcareprices. B)Thebudgetingoffamilyexpenses.C)Thebalancebetweenworkandfamily. D)Theselectionofagooddaycarecenter.57.Whatdoestheauthorfeelpuzzledabout?A)Whythepricesofchildcarevarygreatlyfromstatetostate.B)Whyincreasedchildcarepriceshavenotledtobetterservice.C)Whychildcareworkers'payhasnotincreasedwiththerisingchildcarecosts.D)Whythereisasevereshortageofchildcareprofessionalinanumberofstates.58.Whatpreventchildcarecentersfromsavingmoney?A)Steadyincreaseinlaborcosts. B)Strictgovernmentregulations.C)Lackofsupportfromthestate. D)Highadministrativeexpenses.59.WhyistheaveragecostofchildcareinMississippimuchlowerthaninMassachusetts?A)Theoverallqualityofserviceisnotasgood. B)Paymentsforcaregiverstherearenotashigh.C)Livingexpensestherearecomparativelylow.D)Eachteacherisallowedtocareformorekids.60.Whatistheauthor'sviewondaycareservice?A)Caregiversshouldreceiveregularprofessionaltraining.B)Lesselaboraterulesaboutchildcaremightlowercosts.C)Itiscrucialtostrikeabalancebetweenqualityandcosts.D)Itisbetterfordifferentstatestolearnfromeachother.PassageTwo Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AlexPang'samusingnewbookTheDistractionAddictionaddressesthoseofuswhofeelpanicwithoutacellphoneorcomputer.Andthat,heclaims,isprettymuchallofus.Whenwe'renotonline,wherewespendfourmonthsannually,we'reengagedinthestressfulworkoftryingtogetonline.TheDistractionAddictionisnotframedasaself-helpbook.It'sathoughtfulexaminationofthedangerofourcomputingoverdoseandahistoricaloverviewofhowtechnologicaladvanceschangeconsciousness.A"professionalfuturist",Pangurgesanapproachwhichhecalls"contemplative(沉思旳)computing."Heasksthatyoupayfullattentionto"howyourmindandbodyinteractwithcomputersandhowyourattentionandcreativityareinfluencedbytechnology."Pang'sfirstjobistofreeyoufromcommonmisconceptionthatdoingtwothingsatonceallowsyoutogetmoredone.Whatiscommonlycalledmultitaskingis,infact,switch-tasking,anditsharmfuleffectsonproductivityarewelldocumented.Pangdoesn'tadvocatereturningtoapreinternetworld.Instead,heasksyouto"takeamoreecological(生態(tài)旳)viewofyourrelationshipswithtechnologiesandlookforwaysdevicesormediamaybemakingspecifictaskseasierorfasterbutatthesametimemakingyourworkandlifeharder."TheDistractionAddictionisparticularlyfascinatingonhowtechnologieshavechangedcertainfieldoflabor—oftenfortheworse.Forarchitects,computer-aideddesignhasbecomeessentialbutinsomewayshascheapenedthedesignprocess.Asonearchitectputsit,"Architectureisfirstandforemostaboutthinking...anddrawingisamoreproductivewayofthinking"thancomputer-aideddesign.SomewhatlessamusingarePang'ssolutionsforkickingtheInternethabit.