學(xué)術(shù)英語 綜合Unit 1

學(xué)術(shù)英語綜合AcademicEnglish—AnIntegratedCourse1整理課件WhatisEAP?EnglishforAcademicPurposes/EAP內(nèi)容：教材分為《學(xué)術(shù)英語》綜合、人文、理工、社科等。我們的課程分為讀學(xué)科主題文章、聽專業(yè)相關(guān)講座、練學(xué)術(shù)口語、寫學(xué)科專業(yè)論文以及做學(xué)科相關(guān)研究等環(huán)節(jié)。目標：訓(xùn)練對信息的獲取、分析、整合、利用能力；提高學(xué)生撰寫學(xué)期論文及學(xué)術(shù)論文的技能；幫助學(xué)生過度到專業(yè)雙語課程及全英課程學(xué)習(xí)；全面培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)能力、思辨創(chuàng)新能力和解決實際問題的學(xué)術(shù)研究能力。2整理課件3整理課件Unit1

EconomicsUnitContentsUnitobjectivesTextATextBTextCAcademiclanguageanddiscourseListeningSpeakingWriting4整理課件Unit1

EconomicsUnitObjectives1.ProfessionalKnowledgeGetacquaintedwithsomeimportanteconomicconcepts(e.g.theinvisiblehand,signalingtheory,antitrustlaw,comparativeadvantage,etc.)2.ReadingSummarizethemainideasofatextandidentifyessentialsupportingpointsUnderstanddifficultsentences(e.g.,sentenceswithabstractmeaningorambiguousreference)Analyzecomplexorcontroversialissuescritically(e.g.monopoly,ernmentregulation,etc.)5整理課件Unit1

EconomicsUnitObjectives3.ListeningMakepredictionsaboutthecontentofalecture4.SpeakingAskforinformationandclarificationinapoliteandeffectivewayLearntodointerviewsandreportthefindingsinanoralpresentation5.WritingUnderstandwhatkindoftopicissuitableandmanageableforatermpaper6整理課件Unit1

EconomicsUnitObjectives6.ResearchingIndependentlylocateandstudyavarietyofresources(articles,books,videos,etc.)toknowmoreabouttheMicrosoftcase7.AcademiclanguageanddiscourseKnowwhatisspecializedvocabularyandacquiresomespecializedvocabularyofeconomicsUnderstandthefunctionsofparentheticalstatementsComprehendstylisticdifferencesbetweenformalandinformalEnglishandacquiresomeformalexpressions7整理課件Unit1

EconomicsTextALead-inHowdoyoucelebrateSpringFestival?Writedownyouractivitiesinthetableinthetextbookandanalyzewhoseskillandlaborarerequiredtomaketheseactivitiespossible.Shareyouranswerswithyourpartneranddiscussthefollowingquestions:What’sthepowerthatleadspeopletoworkandcooperate?What

doyouunderstandabouteconomiclifefromthetable?8整理課件Unit1

EconomicsCulturalPoints1.Contributeasmuchaspossiblewhatyouknowaboutthefollowing:ThanksgivingAdamSmiththeinvisiblehand9整理課件Unit1

EconomicsTextASupplementaryinformation1.ThanksgivingItisanannualnationalholidayintheU.S.andCanada.AmericanscelebrateThanksgivingonthefourthThursdayofNovember,honoringtheearlyPlymouthsettlersandtheirharvestfeast.TheycommonlytracetheThanksgivingholidaytoa1621celebrationatthePlymouthPlantation,wherethePlymouthsettlersheldaharvestfeastafterasuccessfulseason.Althoughprayersandthankswereprobablyofferedatthe1621harvestgathering,thefirstrecordedreligiousThanksgivinginPlymouthhappenedtwoyearslaterin1623.Onthisoccasion,thecolonistsgavethankstoGodforrainafteranearlycatastrophicdrought.10整理課件Unit1

EconomicsTextASupplementaryinformation2.TheinvisiblehandTheinvisiblehandisametaphorusedbyAdamSmithtodescribethenaturalforcethatguidesfreemarketcapitalismthroughcompetitionforscarceresources.Thegeneralideaisthatindividualspursuingself-interestendupdoingwhatisbestforsocietyasifguidedbyaninvisiblehand.Forexample,whenthepriceofsomethingincreasesduetohigherdemandorlowersupply,morepeoplewillstartproducingit.Thisisdoneoutofself-interest,butitalsobenefitssociety.Asawholeitwillmakethegoodsavailabletomorepeopleaswellasloweringthepriceagain.11整理課件Unit1

EconomicsAdamSmith

(16June1723

–17July1790)wasaScottish

moralphilosopher,pioneerof

politicaleconomy,andkey

ScottishEnlightenment

figure.Smithisbestknownfortwoclassicworks:

TheTheoryofMoralSentiments

(1759),and

AnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations

(1776).Thelatter,usuallyabbreviatedas

TheWealthofNations,isconsideredthefirstmodernworkof

economics.Smithiscitedasthe"fatherofmoderneconomics"andisstillamongthemostinfluentialthinkersinthefieldofeconomicstoday.12整理課件Unit1

EconomicsTextAOverview1.SummarizethemainideasofTextA.2.DoTask1/Criticalreadingandthinking.UsethelaborandskillsbehindtheThanksgivingweekendasexamplestoillustratetheconceptof“theinvisiblehand”Echothebeginning,emphasizingweshouldbegratefultothemiracleonthisThanksgivingDayandeveryday13整理課件Givingthanksforthe'invisiblehand'

1.GRATITUDETOTHEALMIGHTYisthethemeofThanksgiving,andhasbeeneversincethePilgrimsofPlymouthbroughtintheirfirstgoodharvest……Today,inmillionsofhomesacrossthenation,Godwillbethankedformanygifts—forthefeastonthetableandthecompanyoflovedones,forhealthandgoodfortuneintheyeargoneby,forpeaceathomeinatimeofwar,fortheincalculableprivilegeofhavingbeenborn—orhavingbecome—American.14整理課件2.Butitprobablywon'toccurtotoomanyofustogivethanksforthefactthatthelocalsupermarkethadplentyofturkeyforsalethisweek.Eventhedevoutaren'tlikelytothankGodforairlineschedulesthatmadeitpossibleforsomeofthoselovedonestoflyhomeforThanksgiving.Orforthearrivalof

MasterandCommanderatthelocalmovietheaterintimefortheholidayweekend.Orforthatgreat

cranberry-applepierecipe

inthefoodsectionofthenewspaper.15整理課件3.Thosethingswetakemoreorlessforgranted.IthardlytakesamiracletoexplainwhygrocerystoresstockuponturkeybeforeThanksgiving,orwhyHollywoodreleasesbigmoviesintimeforbigholidays.That'swhatthey

do.

WhereisGodinthat?4.Andyet,isn'ttheresomethingwondrous—somethingalmostinexplicable—inthewayyourThanksgivingweekendismadepossiblebytheskillandlaborofvastnumbersoftotalstrangers?16整理課件5.Tobringthatturkeytothediningroomtable,forexample,requiredtheeffortsofthousandsofpeople—thepoultryfarmerswhoraisedthebirds,ofcourse,butalsothefeeddistributorswhosuppliedtheirnourishmentandthetruckerswhobroughtittothefarm,nottomentionthearchitectwhodesignedthehatchery,theworkmenwhobuiltit,andthetechnicianswhokeepitrunning.Thebirdhadtobeslaughteredanddefeatheredandinspectedandtransportedandunloadedandwrappedandpricedanddisplayed.Thepeoplewhoaccomplishedthosetasksweresupportedinturnbyarmiesofotherpeopleaccomplishingothertasks—fromrefiningthegasolinethatfueledthetruckstomanufacturingtheplasticinwhichthemeatwaspackaged.17整理課件6.Theactivitiesofcountlessfar-flungmenandwomenoverthecourseofmanymonthshadtobeintricatelychoreographedandpreciselytimed,sothatwhenyoushoweduptobuyafreshThanksgivingturkey,therewouldbeone—ormorelikely,afewdozen—waiting.Thelevelofcoordinationthatwasrequiredtopullitoffismind-boggling.Butwhatisevenmoremind-bogglingisthis:Noonecoordinatedit.18整理課件7.Noturkeyczarsatinacommandpostsomewhere,consultingamasterplanandissuingorders.Noonerodeherdonallthosepeople,forcingthemtocooperateforyourbenefit.Andyettheydidcooperate.Whenyouarrivedatthesupermarket,yourturkeywasthere.Youdidn'thavetodoanythingbutshowuptobuyit.Ifthatisn'tamiracle,whatshouldwecallit?19整理課件8.AdamSmith

calledit"theinvisiblehand"—themysteriouspowerthatleadsinnumerablepeople,eachworkingforhisowngain,topromoteendsthatbenefitmany.Outoftheseemingchaosofmillionsofuncoordinatedprivatetransactionsemergesthespontaneousorderofthemarket.Freehumanbeingsfreelyinteract,andtheresultisanarrayofgoodsandservicesmoreimmensethanthehumanmindcancomprehend.Nodictator,nobureaucracy,nosupercomputerplansitinadvance.Indeed,themoreaneconomy

is

planned,themoreitisplaguedbyshortages,dislocation,andfailure.20整理課件9.Thesocialorderoffreedom,likethewealthandtheprogressitmakespossible,isanextraordinarygiftfromabove.OnthisThanksgivingDayandoneveryday,maywebegrateful.(JeffJacobyisacolumnistforTheBostonGlobe).21整理課件Unit1

EconomicsTextAIn-depthanalysis2.FocusonsomeofthedifficultsentencesinTextAbydoingTask2/Criticalreadingandthinking.3.HaveagroupdiscussionaboutthequestionsinTask3/Criticalreadingandthinking22整理課件Unit1

EconomicsTextBTextAnalysisWhatiscasestudy?Acasestudyisadescriptiveorexplanatoryanalysisofaperson,grouporunit.Anexplanatorycasestudy(e.g.Case1/TextB)isusedtoexplorecausationinordertofindunderlyingprinciples.23整理課件Unit1

EconomicsTextBTextAnalysis2.Howdoyouunderstandthetitle“Giftsassignals”?Signalingtheoryisusefulfordescribingbehaviorwhentwopartieshaveaccesstodifferentinformation.Typically,thesignalsenderchooseswhetherandhowtocommunicatecertaininformation,whilethereceiverchooseshowtointerpretthesignal.Signalingtheorytacklesafundamentalproblemofcommunicationandappliesinvariousareas.24整理課件Unit1

EconomicsBackin1974,NobellaureateMichaelSpenceintroducedthenotionof signalingineconomicthinking.Spencedevelopedthetheoryofsignalingtoshowhowbetter-informedindividualsinthemarketcommunicatetheirinformationtotheless-well-informedtoavoidtheproblemsassociatedwithadverseselection. TextBTextAnalysis25整理課件Unit1

Economics3.Workingroupsof4-5todiscussthequestionsin

Task1/CriticalReadingandThinking/TextB.4.ReadCase2quicklyandtrytosummarizethemain

ideaofCase2onthebasisofTask2/Critical

ReadingandThinking/TextB.TextBTextAnalysis26整理課件Unit1

EconomicsTextBTextAnalysisInternetbrowserWindowsoperatingsystemdeterenteringthemarketandofferingnewproductscarstodayincludemanybuilt-inproductsmonopolyreliableeasiertouse80severelylimitedchangingcompetitorslow27整理課件Unit1

EconomicsTextBResearchingFormintoteamstodothetaskinResearching/TextB.Withineachteam,thereare:facilitator:ThinkaboutthewholegroupandmanagethetaskMakesureeveryonefeelsincludedandhasajobtodobeforeandduringthediscussion.Presideovertheclassroomdiscussion.recorder:Makenotesofthegroupdiscussion.Workwiththereporter,whowillhavetoreadfromthenotes.reporter:Summarizeandpresenttheresultstotheclass.Speakonbehalfofthegroup.28整理課件Unit1

EconomicsTextBSupplementaryinformationMicrosoftcaseUnitedStatesv.MicrosoftCorporationisanantitrustlawcase.Itwasinitiatedin1998bytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofJustice(DOJ)and20states.Inthiscase,Microsoftwasaccusedofabusingmonopolypower,andthecentralissuewaswhetherMicrosoftwasallowedtobundleInternetExplorerwithitsoperatingsystem.MicrosoftclaimedthatMicrosoftWindowsandInternetExplorerwereinherentlylinkedtogetherandthemergingofthetwowastheresultofinnovation.ThecasewasultimatelysettledbyDOJ.29整理課件Unit1

EconomicsTextBSupplementaryinformationMicrosoftcaseTheproposedsettlementrequiredMicrosofttoshareitsapplicationprogramminginterfaceswiththird-partycompaniesandappointapanelofthreepeoplewhowillhavefullaccesstoMicrosoft'ssystems,records,andsourcecodeforfiveyearsinordertoensurecompliance.[20]However,theDOJdidnotrequireMicrosofttochangeanyofitscodenorpreventMicrosoftfromtyingothersoftwarewithWindowsinthefuture.30整理課件Unit1

EconomicsContributewhatyouknowaboutthefollowing

termsandthengiveexamplesasmanyaspossible.ComparativeadvantageFreetradeTextCTextAnalysis31整理課件Unit1

EconomicsTextCSupplementaryinformationDavidRicardoDavidRicardo(1772-1823)isanEnglisheconomistwhogavesystematized,classicalformtotherisingscienceofeconomicsinthe19thcentury.Atage27,afterreadingAdamSmith’sTheWealthofNations,Ricardogotveryinterestedineconomics.Hewrotehisfirsteconomicsarticleat37andthenspenttherestofhislifeasaprofessionaleconomist.InoneofhismostfamousbooksOnthePrinciplesofPoliticalEconomyandTaxation,Ricardoclearlyillustratesthetheoryofcomparativeadvantage.32整理課件Unit1

EconomicsTextCSupplementaryinformationAninquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations(《國富論》)AnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations，usuallyabbreviatedasTheWealthofNations,isAdamSmith’smasterpiece.Itwasfirstpublishedin1776,andiswidelyconsideredtobethefirstmodernworkineconomics.

ThroughreflectionovertheeconomicsatthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionthebooktouchesuponbroadtopicsasthedivisionoflabour,productivityandfreemarket.33整理課件Unit1

EconomicsTextCSupplementaryinformationComparativeadvantageComparativeadvantageisaneconomictheoryfirstdevelopedbyEnglisheconomistDavidRicardo.Apersonhasacomparativeadvantageatproducingsomethingifhecanproduceitatlowercostthananyoneelse.Andhavingacomparativeadvantageisnotthesameasbeingthebestatsomething.Itcanexplainwhyacountrymightproduceandexportthingsthatitdoesn’tseemgoodatproducingwhencompareddirectlytoanothercountry.34整理課件Unit1

Economics2.DothetranslationtaskinTextC.

每一個精明的一家之主都知道，如果買一樣?xùn)|西所花的錢比在家里自己生產(chǎn)所花的成本要小，那就永遠不要嘗試在家里生產(chǎn)。裁縫不會去做自己的鞋子，而向鞋匠購買；鞋匠不會去做自己的衣服，而雇裁縫來做；農(nóng)民不會去做鞋也不想縫衣，寧愿雇用不同的工匠來做。他們都會為了自身的利益而采取某種方式來利用整個產(chǎn)業(yè)，在這種方式里，他們會比鄰居更有優(yōu)勢，并用自己生產(chǎn)的一部分產(chǎn)品或者相同的東西，即以一部分產(chǎn)品的價格來購買他們所需要的其它任何物品。TextCTextAnalysis35整理課件Unit1

EconomicsAcademiclanguageanddiscourse1.Whatisspecializedvocabulary.?2.DoTask1Specializedvocabulary/Language

building-up/TextA.SpecializedVocabulary36整理課件Unit1

EconomicsAcademiclanguageanddiscourse3.Additionalclassroomactivity:Translatethefollowingeconomicterms,which

appearinTextsBandC,fromChineseintoEnglish.信號傳遞理論

市場支配力

商品

反壟斷法

壟斷

相對優(yōu)勢

股票經(jīng)紀人

稅收（制度）

37整理課件Unit1

EconomicsAcademiclanguageanddiscourseSupplementaryinformationEffectsofparentheticalstatementsAtraditionalparentheticalstatementisathoughtenclosedinparentheses.Bracketsanddashesmayalsobeused.AccordingtoHandbookofEffectiveWriting(byWalterK.Smart),theinformationinaparentheticalstatementisnotcrucialtothesentence,butisrelatedtothemainstatement.Thefollowingarepossiblefunctionsofaparentheticalstatement:38整理課件Unit1

EconomicsAcademiclanguageanddiscourseSupplementaryinformationItallowsawritertoinsertextrainformationwithoutcreatinganewsentence.Theextrainformationmaybetooshorttorequireafullsentence.Orifafullsentenceiscreatedfortheextrainformation,itmaycauseadeparturefromthetheme.Aparentheticalstatementmarkedbydashcaninfactstandout.Inotherwords,theobviousseparationservestoemphasizetheinterrupter.Aparentheticalstatementinterruptsthenormalflowofasentence,thuscreatingavarietyinsentencerhythm.Aparentheticalstatementslowsdownthedevelopmentofasentence.Thismighthelptocreateasenseofsuspension.Whenusingparentheticalstatements,pleasepayattentiontothefollowingpoints:39整理課件Unit1

EconomicsAcademiclanguageanddiscourseSupplementaryinformationIfyoursentenceendswithparentheticalmaterial,placetheperiodoutsideoftheparenthesis.Forexample,

Theycanbetakenfrommyth,fromhistory,orfromcontemporary

occurrence,ortheycanbepureinvention(buteveniftheyare

invented,theyarenonethelessconstructedfromtheconstant

materialsofrealexperience,nomatterhowfantastictheinvention).Ifyouhaveaparentheticalstatementindependentofasentence,capitalizethefirstwordandplacetheperiodwithintheparentheses.Forexample,

Hergownwascoveredwithjewels.(Thosejewelsmusthavecosta

fortune.)Keepinmindthattherestofthesentenceshouldstillflownaturally.40整理課件Unit1

EconomicsAcademiclanguageanddiscourseSignpostlanguage3.AdditionalClassroomActivity:FindparentheticalstatementsinTextB.Butyourreactionisverydifferentwhensomeonewho(youhope)lovesyoudoesthesamething.(Para.3)Itiscostly(ittakestime),anditscostdependsontheprivateinformation(howmuchhelovesher).(Para.4)Certainly,thecasedidnotlackdrama.Itpittedoneoftheworld’srichestmen(BillGates)againstoneoftheworld’smostpowerfulregulatoryagencies(theU.S.JusticeDepartment).Testifyingforthegovernmentwasaprominenteconomist(MITprofessorFranklinFisher).TestifyingforMicrosoftwasanequallyprominenteconomist(MITprofessorRichardSchmalensee).Atstakewasthefutureofoneoftheworld’smostvaluablecompanies(Microsoft)inoneoftheeconomy’sfastestgrowingindustries(computersoftware).(Para.6)41整理課件Unit1

EconomicsAcademiclanguageanddiscourseSignpostlanguageThegovernmentclaimedthatMicrosoftwasbundlingthesetwoproductstogethertoexpandthemarketpowerithadinthemarketforcomputeroperatingsystemsintoanunrelatedmarket(forInternetbrowsers).(Para.7)ItalsoarguedthatthelowpriceitchargedforWindows–about$50,oronly3%ofthepriceofatypicalcomputer–wasevidencethatitsmarketpowerwasseverelylimited.(Para.9)42