2022-2023學(xué)年安徽省銅陵市成考專升本英語自考測(cè)試卷(含答案)

2022-2023學(xué)年安徽省銅陵市成考專升本英語自考測(cè)試卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、單選題(50題)1.She'sfainted.Throwsomewateronherfaceandshemay______.

A.comeroundB.comebackC.comeagainD.comeout

2.

Allthestudentswenttothemagicshowyesterday.Itwasreally______A.amusinglyB.amuseC.amusingD.amused

3.Iwonderhowmuch______.

A.thatcarwasB.wasthatcarC.isthatcarD.thatcaris

4.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse_______atpresentinthedisasterareaA.arebeingbuilt

B.werebeingbuilt

C.wasbeingbuilt

D.isbeingbuilt

5._____cryingsadly,heraisedhisheadandlettearsstreamdownhisfaceonpurposeA.TobeseenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.Havingseen

6.Thankyouforthe______youdidme.tomovethesofaupstairs.

A.favorB.goodC.helpD.kindness

7.Theproblemwassettledtothecompleteofthem,sotheydidn‘tcomplain.

A.amazementB.satisfactionC.disappointmentD.attraction

8.--Ifyouareofferedatriptothemoon,______it?--Ofcourse.Whynot?

A.didyouaccept

B.areyougoingtoaccept

C.willyouaccept

D.wouldyouaccept

9.—What'sthechanceofthere______anelectionthisyear?—Ihavenoidea.

A.isB.tobeC.beingD.be

10.______yourhomeworkandmakesurethatyoudon't______anymistakes.

A.Do;doB.Make;makeC.Make;doD.Do;make

11.—TheremustbeadozenpensinthishousebutIcanneverfindonewhenIneedthem.—Keeplooking.______issuretoturnup.

A.OneB.ItC.ThatD.This

12.______youmayberight,Ican'taltogetheragree.

A.WhileB.AsC.ifD.Since

13.—That'smewhenIgotmarried.SeewhatIlooklikenow!—Whynotgoonadiettogetinto______?

A.shapeB.formC.appearanceD.body

14.Little_________thattheirplanhasbeenDiscovered．

A.didtheysuspect

B.dothesuspect

C.dotheysuspect

D.theysuspect

15.—Theeducationsystemratherthantheteachers______toanswerfortheoverburdenonthestudents—IagreeIhopethereform.beingcarriedoutinourcountrywillhangaboutthe_____results.

A.are;desiredB.is;desiredC.are;desiringD.is;desiring

16.Helenalwayshelpshergrandmothereventhoughgoingtoschool____mostofherday.

A.takesupB.makeupC.saveupD.putup

17.Balloonsfloatintheair_________boatsdoonthesea.A.justasB.whenC.thatD.where

18.Haveacigarette,______?

A.willyouB.don'tyouC.doyouD.aren'tyou

19.While______ajob,thegraduatestudentgotanoffertostudyabroad

A.appliedforB.applyingtoC.appliedtoD.applyingfor

20.Notuntilhelefthishome_______toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.

A.didhebeginB.hadhebegunC.hebeganD.hehasbegun

21.Wemust__earlyinthemorningsoastocatchthefirsttrain.

A．setup

B．setout

C．setabout

D．setaside

22.—Hasthewalletbeenreturnedyet?—No，butweexpect______anydaynow.

A.toreturnit

B.ittoreturn

C.ittobereturned

D.itreturned

23.Mary，_________here——everybodyelse，staywhereyouare．

A.comeB.comesC.tocomeD.coming

24.TheheavysnowcouldnotkeepUS_________goingouttowork．

A.onB.upC.uponD.from

25.Sometimeschildrenhavetrouble______factfromfictionandmaybelievethatsuchthingsactuallyexist.

A.toseparateB.separatingC.forseparatingD.ofseparating

26._______manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodtheproblem.

A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold

27.Notuntilthisterm______torealizehowimportantthissubjectistohisfuturecareerasadiplomat.

A.hebeganB.didhebeginC.hehasbegunD.thathehasbegun

28.Heistooweakto______theheavybox.

A.riseB.putC.raiseD.arise

29.Thescientistsallagreedthatrulesofphysics,______weareallfamiliar,governtheworldA.towhichB.onwhichC.whichD.withwhich

30.Hewasamanofstrongfeelings,______normallylayhiddendeepinsidehim.

A.itB.thatC.thoseD.which

31.Busyastheyare,parentsshould______atleasttwohourstospendwiththeirchildren.

A.setoutB.setawayC.setasideD.setoff

32.Icanneverforget______thefamousactressduringhervisittoourschool．

A.havingbeenmetB.tomeetC.tohavemetD.meeting

33.NotonlyIbutalsoTomandMary______fondofcollectingstamps.

A.amB.willC.areD.have

34.CountriesthattraditionallyneverallowedforeignstudentstostayandworklikeGermanyortheUnitedKingdom—arefacingtheirownlabor______ininformationtechnologyandrelaxingtheirimmigrationlaws.

A.cutsB.shortagesC.weaknessesD.imports

35.Whathedescribedasonlya______detailIthoughtwasthemostimportantpartoftheplan.

A.commonB.plainC.justD.mere

36.Theyrequiredthatallthenecessarydocuments______tothepresident'sofficebeforetheendofthismonth.

A.behanded

B.mustbehanded

C.shouldhandin

D.hadbeenhandedin

37.-Betweenthetwopossibleplans,I‘mbound_____thesecondoneA.favouringB.tofavourC.forfavouringD.tofavouring

38.Finallyhegottimeforaglance______thisreport.

A.offB.roundC.onD.at

39.WewereoverjoyedatthenewsofChina__________anotherman-madesatel1ite．A.startingB.1aunchingC.fightingD.shouting

40.Hishandwritingis______yours.

A.morebetterB.aswellasC.muchbetterthanD.asbetteras

41.Afterallthistimeyou‘dthinkhe‘dhaveforgotten，________?

A.shouldyouB.wouldn"tyouC.don"tyouD.doyou

42.Sobadly______inthecaraccidentthathehadtostayinhospitalforseveralweeks.

A.didheinjureB.heinjureC.washeinjuredD.hewasinjured

43.Whenwe______themuseumisnotdecided.

A.visitedB.visitC.willvisitD.visiting

44.Iwonderedwhatdifficultyhehad_________theplan?

A.tocarryout

B.carryingout

C.carriedout

D.withcarryingout

45.______hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.

A.WouldB.ShouldC.ShallD.If

46.Thisisjusttheplace______heandhiswifevisitedlastyear.

A.whereB.thatC.whenD.why

47.—ThisismynewdogHisnameisWisdom—That'sinterestingWhy______didyougivehimsuchaname?

A.intheearthB.inworldC.onearthD.ontheworld

48.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper,_______inbroaddaylightyesterday.

A.beingrobbed

B.havingbeenrobbed

C.tohavebeenrobbed

D.robbed

49.TomandJackarebothveryclever._________,Tomis____________Jack.

A.Allinall;asacleverboyas

B.Inotherwords;ascleveraboyas

C.Thatistosay;asacleverboyas

D.Inword;ascleveraboyas

50.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_______.

A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch

二、翻譯(5題)51.Unlikehumanbeings,fishesdonotstopgrowingwhentheyreachmaturity.Theycontinuetogrowaslongastheylive,althoughtherateofgrowthslowsdowninmaturefishes.

52.Ithasbecomeharderandharderforateenagertostandupagainstthepopularitywaveandgohisorherownway.

53.Thereislittlechanceofourcomingtobusinessbecauseofthebigdifferencebetweenourprices.

54.Themeetingwasn’theldbecauseyouwereabsent.

55.Italianindustrialandagriculturalproductionwasstillnotabletomeettheimmediateneedsofthepeople.

三、英譯漢(10題)56.(Theunexpectedreturnofhiswife)gavehimabigsurprise.

57.Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.

58.Themanagerpraisedsomeworkersfortheirgoodperformanceandgaveadinnerintheirhonor.

59.Marketing,ineconomics,isthatpartoftheprocessofproductionandexchangethatisconcernedwiththeflowofgoodsandservicesfromproducertoconsumer.

60.(Regardlessofyourage),youcanmakeanumberofimportantchangesinyourcurrentlifestyle.thatcanhelpyoutobecomehealthier.

61.Theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatform.thebasisofcoursesforbeginners.

62.ItislikelythatthedisputeregardingflatsversusindividualhouseswillcontinuetorageonforalongtimeasfarasBritainisconcerned.(PassageThree)

63.A:Whatwillyoudoafterlunch?

B:Iwanttotakeanap.Howaboutyou?

A:I'mnotusedtotakinganap.

B:ThenwhynotsurftheInternet?

A:I'vebeensittingbeforethecomputerthewholemorning.Ifindmyeyesarestingingfromgazingthescreenforalongtime.

64.Yettherearethreedayswhichareusuallymarkedbysomekindofspecialceremony:thedayweareborn;thedaywegetmarriedandthedaywedie.(Passage3)

65.Collectingasaserioushobbyisquitedifferentandhasmanyadvantages,(providingrelaxationforleisurehours).

四、詞匯與語法知識(shí)(10題)66.

第11題__________theEnglishnovelsyouaskedfor，IalsobroughtyouanEnglish-Chinesedictionary．

A.InspiteofB.InadditiontoC.InreturnforD.Insteadof

67.Scientistsintheworldareexpectedtofinda(n)_____totheproblemofoverpopulation.

A.replyB.solutionC.responseD.answer

68.Bequick,__you'llmisstheearlybus.

A．a(chǎn)nd

B．so

C．but

D．or

69.Sandycoulddonothingbut___tohisteacherthathewaswrongA.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit

70.15.Theexperiment______thediscoveryofacureforcancer.A.happenedtoB.ledupC.resultedinD.setup

71.Hesoldhiscar_________$2,000．

A．for

B．over

C．in

D．by

72.All___isneededisasupplyofoil.

A.thethingB.whichC.whatD.that

73.Nosooner_______gottothestationthanitbegantorainheavily．

A．hadI

B．haveI

C．Ihad

D．Ihave

74.

75.

第10題Hedoesnotworkbuthegetsagood__________fromhisinvestments．

A.WageB.earningC.incomeD.salary

五、閱讀理解(10題)76.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothepassage______.A.A.accuracyinspeedmeasurementisessentialtospaceships

B.thespeedsofspacevehicleswillvary

C.inaccuraciesinmeasurementcouldcauseaccidentsinspacemissions

D.abumpcouldaffecttheprecisenessofthelaser-dopplerradar

77.WhatdoweknowaboutMonet'slifesince1890?

A.HepaintedonlyforamuseuminParis.

B.Hedevotedhimselftotravellingoverseas.

C.HewasinfluencedbyAliceinhispaintingstyle.

D.Hefocusedonpaintingsofaparticulartheme.

78.CindyHessbeganherautomotivecareerasaDesignandDevelopmentEngineerwithChrysler,inthefallof1977.Today,sheisVice-PresidentofDaimlerChrysler,andheadoftheSmallCarPlatform.EngineeringDepartmentwhichisdirectlyresponsibleforthedesignanddevelopmentoftheNeon,DogeViper,andallfuturesmallcars.

"Manydifferentdepartmentsareinvolved,inbringingaproducttomarket,"saidHess,referringtothe2000Neon."Acompanylooksintorenewingaparticularvehiclewhenitsmarketplacedemandisgood,andtheprofitsincreaseourshareholder'svalue,"explainedHess."Welooktoourmarketresearchindeterminingwhichoptionswe'llkeepthesameordelete,andwhichoneswewanttoaddtoimproveourappeal."

NowthattheNeon2000isonthemarket,herteamwillusesurveyandresearchresultstodeterminewhichoptionpackagesworkbestfortheconsumer,andwhatimprovements,ifany,needtobemade.

Andthebestgoeson.

Hesssupervises1200engineerswhilemanagingasuccessfullifeaswifeandmother.Hersecret,shesaid,isto"alwaystrytogive150percentineverythingIdo.TheonlywayIcanreallybalancemyworkandfamilyis'bycheatingatbothends'.""Forexample,"Hesssaid,"Ialwaystakemyboystoschoolonthefirstdayoftheyear--soIcomeinalittlelate.AfewtimesayearIleaveworkforacoupleofhourstoseemysoninaplayortoattendhisswimmeet."

Likemostothersuccessfulwomenintheautoindustry,Hess'sdaybeginsearlyandendslate.Inhercase,coachingherson'sbasketballgameendssomeofHess'sdays."Occasionally,"sheadds,"IcomeintoworkontheweekendstocatchuponpaperworkandmailandhavealsobeenknowntobecalledtoworkwhileIamonvacation."

WhatisCindy'schiefresponsibilitynow?

A.Renewingpromisingcarmodels.

B.Supervisingproduction.

C.Doingmarketresearch.

D.Developingsmallcars.

79.

Inordertokeeptrackofthehacker,______.

A.thetelephonecompanycutallthetelephonelines

B.thepolicestoredfalseinformationinStoll'scomputersystem

C.Stolltoldthepoliceeverythingheknew

D.Stollspentlotsoftimeandefforts

80.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingfourgroupsofgarbageisreadyforburning?

A.foodscrapsandmetals

B.paperandglass

C.metalsandglass

D.foodscrapsandpaper

81.WhydidLarryfindajobparkingcars?

A.Becausehelikedthejob.

B.BecausetheparkinglotwasnearHollywood.

C.Tomakealivingandwaitfortheopportunity.

D.Toseealotoffilmstarsandworkforthem.

82.TheotherdayIheardanAmericansaytoaChinesestudentofEnglish"YouspeakverygoodEnglish."Butthestudentanswered,"No,no.MyEnglishisverypoor."theforeignerwasquitesurprisedattheanswer.Thinkinghehadnotmadehimselfunderstoodorthestudenthadnotheardhimclearly,hesaid,"Yesindeed,youspeakEnglishverywell."ButtheChinesestudentstillkeptsaying"No."Intheendtheforeignergaveupandwasatalosswhattosay.What'swrongwiththestudent'sanswer?Itisbecausehedidnotacceptacompliment<贊美的話>astheEnglishpeopledo.Heshouldhavesaid"Thankyou"insteadof"no".HeactuallyunderstoodwhattheAmericanhadsaid.Buthethoughtheshouldbemodest.Ifhesaid"Thankyou",thatwouldmeanhewastooproud.Accordingtothewesternculture,ifsomeonesaysthedishesyouhavecookedareverydelicious,youshouldsay"Thankyou".Ifsomeonesaystoawoman"Youlooksobeautifulwiththenewclotheson",sheshouldbeveryhappyandanswer"Thankyou".Inourcountrywethinkbeingmodestisavirtueandshowingoffabadthing.Butinthewest,ifyouaremodestandsay"No,I'mafraidIcan'tdoitwell",thentheotherswilltakeitforgrantedthatyoureallycannotdoit.Ifyouoftensay"no",youwillcertainlybelookeddownuponbyothers.Ifaskingforajob,onesayssomethinglike"Letmehaveatryonthejob"insteadof"Yes,Icancertainlydoit,"heorshewillneverexpecttogetit.Sointhewestoneshouldalwaysbeconfident.Withoutself-confidence,hecannotgoanywhere.Confidenceisofgreatimportancetooneinacountrywherecompetitionisquitekeen.

WhywastheAmericansurprisedattheChinesestudent'sanswer?

A.BecausehewonderedwhetherthestudentcouldreallyspeakgoodEnglish.

B.Becausehecouldhardlyhearwhatthestudenthadsaid.

C.Becausehewouldn'tlikeotherstosay"No".

D.BecausethewaytoacceptacomplimentinChinaisnotthesameasthatinthewesterncountries.

83.ProfessorFaulknerwantedtofindout_____.

A.howpeople'sbrainsshrink

B.thewayofmakingpeoplelivelonger

C.thesizeofcertainpeople'sbrains

D.whycertainpeopleagedsoonerthanothers

84.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A．ThePossibilityofLifeontheMars

B．FutureConditionsontheMars

C．TheMarsandtheEarth

D．AStudyoftheClimateoftheMars

85.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause______.

A.personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses

B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge

C.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansociety

D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth

六、作文(1題)86.假定你是Helen，要寫一封信給Julie，對(duì)她和她的丈夫昨日請(qǐng)你和你丈夫吃飯表示感謝，表示要回請(qǐng)他們，以答謝他們的盛情款待。

參考答案

1.A解析：句意：她昏倒了。給她臉上澆些水，或許她會(huì)醒過來。本題考查詞組辨析。comeround：過訪，繞道而來，蘇醒過來；comeback：回來，恢復(fù)；comeagain：再說一遍，重復(fù)一遍；comeout：出來，傳出。

2.C所有的學(xué)生都去看了昨天的魔術(shù)表演。它太令人不可思議了。這里主要考查的是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的不同用法。Sth．bedoing表示某一事物令人怎么樣。Sb．bedone表示某人處于某種狀態(tài)。例：Theletteristouching．這封信令人感動(dòng)。

Iammoved．我很感動(dòng)。

3.D解析：從句中的問句主謂不倒裝。從句的時(shí)態(tài)隨主句。我想知道那輛車的價(jià)格。

4.D

5.A

6.A解析：favor：幫助，一般用domeafavor；good：好處；help不與do搭配：kindness：善良。故選A。

7.B

8.D

9.C

10.D解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞搭配。doone'shomework“做作業(yè)”；makemistakes“犯錯(cuò)誤”。句意為：做作業(yè)，還要保證別犯錯(cuò)誤。

11.A解析：根據(jù)上文提到“findone”，故下文中也應(yīng)填one，表示泛指。

12.A解析：while意為“雖然”；as意為“因?yàn)椤保籭f意為“如果”；since意為“因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)題意選A。

13.A解析：shape意為“(女人的)姿態(tài)，身段”；form意為“形狀，形態(tài)”；appearance意為“外表，樣子”；body意為“身體”。由題意知應(yīng)選A。

14.C

15.B解析：theeducationsystem是主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)；thedesiredresults意為“期望的結(jié)果”。

16.A

17.A本句考查兩個(gè)并列句之間的連接的詞。題干的意思是：“氣球能夠浮在空氣中正如船能夠浮在海面上一樣?！痹谒膫€(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有A項(xiàng)的justas有“正如，猶如”的意思。故選A。

18.A解析：此題考查反意疑問句的用法。主句為祈使句，因此其反意疑問句用willyou。

19.Dapplyto應(yīng)用；applyfor申請(qǐng)

20.A

21.Bsetout意為“出發(fā)，動(dòng)身”。

22.C

23.A本題考查祈使句型：

【應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)】句意：Mary，到這里來，其余的人待在原處。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可判斷出這是個(gè)祈使句。所以要用動(dòng)詞原形開頭。Mary在句中不是

主語，而是“呼語”。

24.D

25.B解析：本題考查固定搭配。havetrouble(in)doingsth.“做某事有困難”。句意為：有時(shí)孩子們?cè)诜智骞适潞同F(xiàn)實(shí)方面會(huì)有困難，相信故事中的事確實(shí)存在。

26.D

27.B解析：表示否定的副詞前置于句首，句子需要不完全倒裝，即助動(dòng)詞提前。其余選項(xiàng)均可排除。除Notuntil外還有never，seldom，rarely，seldom，no，little，hardly，innotime等否定副詞或結(jié)構(gòu)放在句首時(shí)，句子需要部分倒裝。

28.C解析：本題考查詞義的辨別。rise出現(xiàn)，put放下，raise提起，arise升高。

29.D

30.D解析：which修飾非限定性定語從句，指代前邊一句話。本題涉及句法知識(shí)——簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。例如：Hehastwodaughters.Theyaredoctors.(簡(jiǎn)單句)Hehastwodaughtersandtheyaredoctors.(并列句)Hehastwodaughters,whoaredoctors．(復(fù)合句)

31.C

32.D解析：forgetdoingsth．忘了已做過某事。注意區(qū)別forgettodosth。忘了而沒有做某事。

33.C解析：notonly…butalso連接主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)就近原則由butalso后的成分來決定。TomandMary是兩個(gè)人，所以動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

34.B解析：cuts“裁減”；shortages“短缺”；weaknesses“弱點(diǎn)”；imports“進(jìn)口”，故正確選項(xiàng)為B。

35.D解析：本題測(cè)試形容詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是“普通的”，“清楚的”，“正義的”，“僅僅的”。根據(jù)句意，D項(xiàng)正確。本句大意為：他僅僅把它作為一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)來描述，而我卻認(rèn)為它是這個(gè)計(jì)劃中最重要的部分。

36.A解析：本題考虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法。在“ask(advise，desire，ordersuggest，require，etc。)+the廣引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用“should+認(rèn)”，should可以省去，再結(jié)合語態(tài)，故A項(xiàng)正確。本句大意為：他們要求所有的必要文件都必須在月底之前交到校長(zhǎng)辦公室。

37.B

38.D

39.Blaunch為“發(fā)射”講；其余為干擾項(xiàng)。

40.C解析：much用在句中修飾比較級(jí)better。

41.B考查反義疑問句。原句應(yīng)是：youwouldthinkhehadhaveforgotten…反義疑問句的規(guī)則是陳述部分是肯定式，疑問部分應(yīng)是否定式。Wouldthink表示推測(cè)，疑問部分也應(yīng)選擇would。選項(xiàng)B是正確的?！揪渥哟笠狻磕汶y道還認(rèn)為他已經(jīng)忘掉了，是嗎?

42.C解析：副詞so置于句首，句子應(yīng)該用倒裝語序，某人受傷用sb.beinjured來表示，故答案為C。

43.C解析：句子的前半部分是主語從句，主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)句意而定。

44.B

45.B解析：此處是對(duì)將來情況的假設(shè)。虛擬條件句的謂語部分為should，had或were時(shí)，可把if省去，而把should，had或were放在從句的主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂部分倒裝。

46.B

47.C

48.C

49.B

50.C

51.和人不同，魚成熟后仍會(huì)生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育。他們只要活著，就會(huì)不斷生長(zhǎng)，但成熟后的魚生長(zhǎng)速度放緩。

52.對(duì)青少年來說，要逆世俗潮流，走自己的路，是越來越難了。

53.由于雙方價(jià)格懸殊，我們恐怕很難達(dá)成協(xié)議。

54.會(huì)議沒有開是因?yàn)槟愕娜毕?/p>

55.意大利的工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)仍然無法滿足人們緊迫的需求。意大利的工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)仍然無法滿足人們緊迫的需求。

56.他妻子出乎預(yù)料的歸來他妻子出乎預(yù)料的歸來

57.值得注意的一點(diǎn)是數(shù)百年來在玩具制造上不變多于變化。值得注意的一點(diǎn)是，數(shù)百年來，在玩具制造上不變多于變化。

58.經(jīng)理表?yè)P(yáng)了一些工人的出色業(yè)績(jī)并設(shè)宴招待他們。經(jīng)理表?yè)P(yáng)了一些工人的出色業(yè)績(jī)并設(shè)宴招待他們。

59.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷是指生產(chǎn)過程和產(chǎn)品交換即產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)從生產(chǎn)者流向消費(fèi)者的過程。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷是指生產(chǎn)過程和產(chǎn)品交換，即產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)從生產(chǎn)者流向消費(fèi)者的過程。

60.不管你的年齡多大不管你的年齡多大

61.我們不可因?yàn)檫@些新知識(shí)而放棄了對(duì)那些早已確定且得到公認(rèn)的知識(shí)的關(guān)注；初學(xué)者的基礎(chǔ)課程正是緣于這些知識(shí)。我們不可因?yàn)檫@些新知識(shí)而放棄了對(duì)那些早已確定且得到公認(rèn)的知識(shí)的關(guān)注；初學(xué)者的基礎(chǔ)課