西格瑪流程設計

制作跨職能流程圖

CrossFunctionalProcessMapping

(為流程再造制作流程圖)

(ProcessMappingforRe-design)六西格瑪過程設計SixSigmaProcessDesign制作再設計流程圖的目的

Re-DesignProcessMappingObjectives了解流程的基本情況和價值鏈各環(huán)節(jié)的相關方

Givenaprojectcharterandunderstandingofprocessbasicsandthevaluechainstakeholders介紹制作跨職能流程圖,也稱為“泳道圖“

IntroduceCrossfunctional/DeploymentMapping,alsoknownasa“SwimLane”制作基準圖(跨職能流程圖或泳道圖) CreateBaselineMap(Cross-functional/SwimLaneProcessMap)

項目跟蹤表過程再設計路線圖

ProcessRedesignRoadmap價值鏈翻譯試的過程過渡計劃實施收集客戶之聲/商業(yè)之聲分析要求再設計過程解決辦法的設計/開發(fā)利益相關方選擇表利益相關方面談Kano制作精益流程圖Pugh概念產生Pugh概念選擇討論指南從圖片和聲音提煉要求要求KJ圖片KJ抽樣調查區(qū)分優(yōu)先次序QFDC&E跨職能流程圖經歷利益相關方的世界總結要求并區(qū)分優(yōu)先次序產生和選擇概念試解決辦法跨職能流程圖Cross-FunctionalProcessMap價值鏈ValueChain流程圖步驟ProcessMapProcessStepsManufacturerDealer-Sales-Finance-CustomerServiceBuyer價值鏈環(huán)節(jié)相關方StakeholdersProcessStep1OfferFinancingOptionsProcessStep2ProcessStep3ProcessStep4制作跨職能流程圖

CrossFunctionalorDeploymentMapping記載Documents:各個職能,部門和參與流程環(huán)節(jié)活動的人之間的關系

Inter-relationshipsamongfunctions,departments,peoplewhoareinvolvedinsequentialprocessdeploymentactivities.(whodoesit)Alsoknownas‘Swimlane’揭示Reveals:障礙,返工渠道,延遲,未用空間,需要和產生的信息以及彎路

Barriers,reworkpaths,delays,blankspaces,informationneededandcreated,anddetours步驟Steps:選擇范圍ChoseScope明確過程步驟IdentifyProcessSteps確定順序DetermineSequence確定關系DetermineRelationships畫圖DrawtheMap添加有關時間,費用,質量,詳細輸入和輸出的數據

Adddataontime,cost,quality,detailedinputs&outputs準備確認團隊IdentifytheTeam流程圖的輸入InputstoMapping頭腦風暴Brainstorming操作手冊Operatormanuals規(guī)范Specifications操作員經驗Operatorexperience六要素6M’s人,機器,方法,測量,材料,環(huán)境

Man,Machine(Equipment),Method(Procedures),Measurement,Materials,MotherNature(Environment)利益相關方的輸入InputfromStakeholders

制作跨職能流程圖的步驟

CrossFunctionalMappingSteps開始于過程的流程圖StartwithFlowChartofprocess識別過程所涉及的功能部門(價值鏈)并記錄在紙的左側IdentifyFunctionalgroups(ValueChain)thatprocesscrossesandrecordonleftsideofpage畫泳道線把不同的職能部門分開Drawlinestorepresentthelanesbetweenfunctionalgroups從圖的左側開始,把流程圖的第一步放在合適的泳道里Startonleftsideofmap,placefirststepfromflowchartinappropriatelane繼續(xù)把流程的步驟按以下的規(guī)則放在泳道里Continuetoplaceprocessstepsaccordingtofollowingguidelines時間從左到右上升Timeincreasesfromlefttorightacrossmap同時發(fā)生的步驟應上下疊在一起Stepsthatoccursimultaneouslyshouldbestackedontopofeachother箭頭總是左進右出Arrowsalwaysexitonrightandenteronleftsidesofprocesssymbols互相連接的但至少相隔一個泳道的步驟應用虛線連接

Processesthatareconnected,butaremorethanonelaneapartshouldbeconnectedwithdottedlines增加流程描述細節(jié)

IncreasingProcessDescriptionDetail流程圖(也稱方塊圖)FlowChart(akaBlockDiagram)顯示過程步驟,而不是細節(jié)Showsprocesssteps,withoutworryingaboutdetails是了解過程步驟的有用一步Usefulasafirstpasstounderstandprocesssteps跨職能圖(也稱”泳道圖”)CrossFunctionalMap(aka“Swimlane”)把流程圖過程步驟重安排到職能泳道里Rearrangesflowchartprocessstepsintolanesoffunctions清楚地顯示連接關系Clearlyshowshand-offs過程步驟從左到右按時間前進Processstepsmovelefttorightastimeprogresses跨資源圖CrossResourceMap在職能中更進一步,顯示實際資源和資源之間的連接關系Furtherdrilldownintofunctions,showingactualresourcetoresourcehandoffscustomerNoYesNoYesFunction1Function2Function3Function4Function1Function2Function3Function4Resource1Resource2制作流程圖ProcessFlowCharting這是什么工具?Whatisthetool?過程的圖像描述Graphicalillustrationoftheprocess工具要描述的是什么?Whatwillthetoolidentify?所有增值和不增值的過程步驟Allvalue-addedandnon-value-addedprocesssteps識別系統(tǒng)設計和再設計的機會IdentifyopportunitiesforSystemDesign/redesign關鍵輸入KeyProcessInputs(x’s)關鍵輸出KeyProcessOutputs(Y’s)數據采集點DataCollectionPoints輸入FMEA的第一批輸入參數FirstKeyprocessinputvariablestoputinFMEA什么時候制作過程流程圖?Whendoyouapplyprocessmapping?一直Always制作過程流程圖的結果是什么?WhatareresultsofProcessMapping?看建議的新的設計或再設計是不是比現有系統(tǒng)好

Identifywhetherproposednewsystemdesign/redesignisbetterthencurrentsystem識別需要測量系統(tǒng)研究的系統(tǒng)IdentifysystemsneedingMeasurementStudies識別需要能力性研究的關鍵輸出IdentifyKeyprocessoutputsforCapabilityStudies識別控制計劃中缺的項IdentifymissingelementsintheControlPlan識別過程中不增值的步驟Identifypossiblenon-value-addedprocessstepscustomerNoYesNoYes案例分析:制作流程圖CaseStudy:FlowChartingFulfillOrder跨職能流程圖圖(泳道圖)CrossFunctionalMap(SwimLane)是一種描述不不同職能或部部門之間的連連接關系Amapthatconveysprocesshandoffsbetweenfunctionsordepartments把流程圖中的的步驟重編排排成按職能排排的泳道Rearrangesflowchartprocessstepsintolanesoffunctions行或列代表職能能Rowsorcolumnsrepresentfunctions不同活動歸屬不同同的職能帶Activitiesfallinappropriate““bands”offunctions同時發(fā)生的活動從從上到下歸組組Concurrentactivitiesgrouped““toptobottom”有時也被稱為職能能圖或泳道圖圖Sometimescalled“Functional”or“SwimLane”flowchartormapFunction1Function2Function3Function4過程步驟按時時間順序從左左到右Processstepsmovelefttorightastimeprogresses明確顯示部門門之間的交接接Clearlyshowshand-offsbetweendepartmentsorgroups也稱為為泳道道圖或或職能能圖Alsoknownasa““SwimLane””orsometimes““FunctionalMap””案例分分析:制作跨跨職能能流程程圖CaseStudy:CrossFunctionalMapping(cont.)FulfillOrder跨資源源圖CrossResourceMap是一種種描述述系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)或組組織內內資源源傳遞遞的圖圖Amapthatconveysprocesshandoffsbetweenindividualresourcesinasystemororganization行或列表表示各各個資資源Rowsorcolumnsrepresentindividualresources各項活動動歸屬屬不同同的資資源帶帶Activitiesfallinappropriate““bands”ofresources同時發(fā)生的的活動動從上上到下下歸組組Concurrentactivitiesgrouped““toptobottom””顯示資源傳傳遞Showshandoffs,resourcesinvolvedFunction1Function2Function3Function4Resource1Resource2過程步步驟按按時間間順序序從左左到右右Processstepsmovelefttorightastimeprogresses明確顯顯示資資源之之間的的傳遞遞Clearlyshowshand-offsbetweenresources經常同同時顯顯示職職能和和資源源OftenshowsbothFunctionsandResources只是低一級級的跨跨職能能圖Justacrossfunctionalmapatalowerlevel制作跨資源源圖的的步驟驟CrossResourceMappingSteps始于流程程圖或或跨職職能圖圖StartwithFlowChartorCrossFunctionalMap識別過程所所接觸觸到的的資源源并把把它們們記錄錄在紙紙的左左側Identifyindividualresourcesthattheprocesstouchesandrecordonleftsideofpage畫泳道線線把資資源分分開Drawlinestorepresentthelanesbetweenresources從圖的左左側開開始,把流程程圖中中的第第一步步放在在合適適的泳泳道里里Startonleftsideofmap,placefirststepfromflowchartinappropriatelane繼續(xù)把其余余的過過程步步驟按按以下下的規(guī)規(guī)則放放在泳泳道里里Continuetoplaceprocessstepsaccordingtofollowingguidelines時間從左到到右上上升Timeincreasesfromlefttorightacrossmap同時發(fā)生的的步驟驟應上上下疊疊在一一起Stepsthatoccursimultaneouslyshouldbestackedontopofeachother箭頭總是左左進右右出Arrowsalwaysexitonrightandenteronleftsidesofprocesssymbols互相連接的的但至至少相相隔一一個泳泳道的的步驟驟應用用虛線線連接接Processesthatareconnected,butaremorethanonelaneapartshouldbeconnectedwithdottedlines案例分分析:制作跨跨資源源圖CaseStudy:CrossResourceMapping(cont.)FulfillOrder跨資源源圖CrossFunctional/DeploymentMapCUSTSMGRTECHMECHCASHDATABASESAWRITESCOMPLAINTNOTIFIESCUSTOMERSCHEDANALYSISANDREPAIRREVIEWSCOMPLAINTANDSPECIFIESREPAIRREPAIRSVEHICLECOMPLETESINVOICEENTERSJOBINWORKLOGARRIVESATDEALERWAITSINLOUNGEPAYSCASHIERDDVEHICLEDATADDAutomobileRepairProcess帶時間間的跨跨職能能圖CrossFunctionalMapwithTimeCustomerSalesProductionControlPlantAWarehousePlantBTransportProcessOrderPrintorderorderMoveWIPExtrudeProductProductReceive

ProductProduct<12days+13days+1dayx+2days+1day+10days+1day+9days+1day>50daysFunctionsProcessTasksNon-Value-AddedTimeTimeDirectionofProcessFlowWaitWaitWaitMoveWaitMoveWIPWIPWIPWIPWIPOrderProduct數據流-實體流的泳泳道圖DataFlow–PhysicalFlowSwimLaneChartProcessInitialOrderEntryTripPlanGenerationShipmentMgmtOutput/MeasureEmptyCarFulfillmentDataFlowPhysicalFlow-AccountManagementPhysicalFlow-PricingPhysicalFlow-OrderManagementPhysicalFlowShipmentManagementPhysicalFlow-SettlementFLOW:CurrentProposedXEventOccasionsTime/DistanceDefineUnitsCostTotalsTotalFloorspace________sq,ft,ValueAddedIndex:(B/D)x100%1.53%DeliveryIndex:(A/C)x100%1.53%Process:_SamplePart____________________Business:_MiscellaneousMachining_________過程流程圖圖FlowProcessChartChartedBy:_HenriettaSmith_________Date:_12/19/03___________________OperationorProcess–Recordtime/unit.Delay(Re-work,Changeover,Wait)––Recordtype,averagedurationandfrequency.Tabulateperunitvalue.Inspection–Tabulatedurationandfrequency.Tabulateperunitvalue.Transport–Tabulatedistancemovedandquantitymoved.Storage/Inventory–TabulateaverageQuantityinstorageorqueue(A)(B)(C)(D)ReceivingDock/ShippingDock1000units1000units0.5hours4hoursPPIStagingPPIInspection2hours250units48hours600unitsDept.AStaging1hour250units3hours100unitsMachine1C/T=0.5hours10unitsMachine2C/T=0.5hours10units0.5hours10units41312C/O1hourCost/Hr.=$80?”=25ft.1hour1hour56hours2600units2hours250units5hours$80$80$4480$160$400$52004hours1000units65hoursDEPTAPPI練習:制作跨職職能過程程圖Exercise:Cross-FunctionalProcessMapping目標:Goal:理解基準準過程是是怎樣在在不同的的職能和和資源之之間進行行的Tounderstandhowthebaselinepr