丘吉爾簡介課件

TextⅡWinstonChurchill1.

TextⅡWinstonChurchilAboutthewriter:JohnKeeganahistorian,isthedefenseandmilitaryspecialistforLondon’sDailyTelegraph2Aboutthewriter:2ComprehensionoftheTextThisbiographyiswritteninchronologicalorder.3ComprehensionoftheTextThis

Churchillcameofamilitarydynasty.HisancestorJohnChurchillhadbeencreatedfirstDukeofMarlborough(馬爾巴羅公爵)

in1702forhisvictoriesagainstLouisXIV（路易十四）earlyintheWaroftheSpanishSuccession.（西班牙王位繼承戰(zhàn)爭）Churchillwasbornin1874inBlenheimPalace（布尼姆宮）,thehousebuiltbythenationforMarlborough.Asayoungmanofundistinguishedacademicaccomplishment--hewasadmittedtoSandhurst（桑赫斯特皇家軍事學(xué)校）aftertwofailedattempts--heenteredthearmyasacavalryofficer.Hetookenthusiasticallytosoldiering(andperhapsevenmoreenthusiasticallytoregimentalpoloplaying)andbetween1895and1898managedtoseethreecampaigns:Spain'sstruggleinCubain1895,theNorth-WestFrontiercampaigninIndia1897andtheSudancampaignof1898,wherehetookpartinwhatisoftendescribedastheBritishArmy'slastcavalrycharge,atOmdurman.

WinstonChurchillbyJohnKeegan4. Churchillcameofamilitary

InCubahewaspresentasawarcorrespondent,andinIndiaandtheSudanhewaspresentbothasawarcorrespondentandasaservingofficer.Thusherevealedtwootheraspectsofhischaracter:aliterarybentandaninterestinpublicaffairs.5.

InCubahewaspresentasaw

Hewastowriteallhislife.His"LifeofMarlborough"isoneofthegreatEnglishbiographies,and"TheHistoryoftheSecondWorldWar"helpedwinhimaNobelPrizeforliterature.Writing,however,neverfullyengagedhisenergies.Politicsconsumedhim.HisfatherLordRandolphChurchill（倫道夫?丘吉爾勛爵）wasabrilliantpoliticalfailure.Earlyinlife,Winstondeterminedtosucceedwherehisfatherhadfailed.Hismotivesweretwofold.Hisfatherhaddespisedhim.WritinginAugust1893toWinston'sgrandmother,thedowagerDuchessofMarlborough,hesaidtheboylacked

"cleverness,knowledgeandanycapacityforsettledwork.Hehasagreattalentforshow-off,exaggerationandmake-believe."

Hisdisapprovalsurelystung,butChurchillreactedbyveneratinghisfather'smemory.6. Hewastowriteallhislife.Hewastowriteallhislife.(Para.2,Line1)Paraphrase:Hewasdestinedtowriteallhislife.之后他一生一直在寫作。詳解：“betodo”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)有兩方面的意思1）be+動(dòng)詞不定式作表語，它表示主語和表語在概念上是等同的。2）“betodo”作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的詞匯單位，具有情態(tài)意義，表示“計(jì)劃”“安排”“應(yīng)該”“可能”等。例句：Theproblemistofindasolution.Theheadmasteristohaveameetinginourclass.was/weretodo表示曾經(jīng)計(jì)劃要做某事was/weretohavedone表示過去本計(jì)劃做某事卻由于某些原因而沒有做77Winstonfoughttorestorehisfather'shonorinParliament(whereithadbeendentedbytheConservativeParty).ThirtyyearsafterLordRandolph'sdeath,Winstonwrote,

"Allmydreamsofcomradeshipwereended.Thereremainedformeonlytopursuehisaimsandvindicatehismemory."

ChurchillenteredParliamentin1901atage26.In1904helefttheConservativePartytojointheLiberals,inpartoutofcalculation:theLiberalswerethecomingparty,andinitsrankshesoonachievedhighoffice.HebecameHomeSecretaryin1910andFirstLordoftheAdmiralty（海軍大臣）in1911.ThusitwasaspoliticalheadoftheRoyalNavyattheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914thathesteppedontotheworldstage.

8.Winstonfoughttorestorehis

Apassionatebelieverinthenavy'shistoricstrategicrole,heimmediatelycommittedtheRoyalNavalDivision（皇家海軍）toaninterventionintheFlanderscampaignin1914.FrustratedbythestalemateinBelgiumandFrancethatfollowed,heinitiatedtheAllies'onlymajorefforttooutflanktheGermansontheWesternFrontbysendingthenavy,andlateralargeforceofthearmy,totheMediterranean.AtGallipoliin1915,thisAnglo-FrenchforcestruggledtobreakthedefensesthatblockedaccesstotheBlackSea.ItwasaheroicfailurethatforcedChurchill'sresignationandledtohispoliticaleclipse.9. ApassionatebelieverintheFrustratedbythestalemateinBelgiumandFrancethatfollowed,heinitiatedtheAllies’onlymajoreffortoutflanktheGermansontheWesternFrontbysendingthenavy,andlateralargeforceofthearmy,totheMediterranean.(Para.4,Line4)Paraphrase:FeelingdisappointedabouttheblockedsituationinBelgiumandFrancethatfollowed,hebegantosettheAllies’onlymajorefforttomaneuveraroundandbehindtheflankoftheGermansontheWesternFrontbysendingthenavy,andlateralargeforceofthearmy,totheMediterranean.隨后他們在比利時(shí)和法國沒有取得什么戰(zhàn)果，丘吉爾感到十分失望。他先后把海軍和另一批主力部隊(duì)派遣到地中海，想要從西線包圍德國軍隊(duì)。1010succession

theactoftakingoveranofficialpositionortitleortherighttotakeoveranofficialpositionortitle,especiallytobecomethekingorqueenofacountry繼承，繼承權(quán)Successiveadj.連續(xù)的，逐次的，相繼的successorn.繼承人，接班人詞組短語：Insuccession接連的，連續(xù)的Asuccessionof一連串；一系列Inquicksuccession緊接地例句：Thegunmanfiredthreetimesinrapidsuccession.歹徒連開三槍。She’sthirdinorderofsuccessiontothethrone.?她在王位繼承人順位中排第三。11.successiontheactoftaki詳解：這個(gè)句子的主要結(jié)構(gòu)就是heinitiatedthe…bysending…to…。Frustratedby…在這里是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語，邏輯主語是he，其中thatfollowed是定語從句，關(guān)系代詞that所代替的先行詞是前面的名詞stalemate。1212Regiment

①

n.alargegroupofsoldiersthatiscommandedbyaCOLONEL(軍隊(duì)的)團(tuán)②v.嚴(yán)格地管制，嚴(yán)密地編組

Regimental

adj.團(tuán)的，團(tuán)隊(duì)的例句：Modernchildrendon`tlikebeingregimented.現(xiàn)代兒童不喜歡嚴(yán)格管教13.Regiment13.Sting

(Para2)v.①刺傷，蟄傷，叮②激怒，刺痛n.刺痛，刺傷，劇痛stingern.諷刺者有刺的動(dòng)物stingilyadv.小氣地吝嗇地Stingingadj.激烈的刺人的例句：Hewasstungbyabeewhenhewascollectingthehoney.他在采蜜時(shí)被蟄了。Somespiderscangiveapoisonoussting.有些蜘蛛會(huì)以毒液蟄人。14.Sting(Para2)v.①刺傷，蟄傷，叮②激怒，Initiate

vt.(Para4)v.tosetgoingbytakingthefirststep;begin①開始，發(fā)動(dòng)②使初步了解③接納，讓…加入Initiativen.主動(dòng)性,自主決斷的能力、initiationn.啟蒙，傳授詞組短語：Initiatesbinto…接納某人加入某一團(tuán)體例句：IinitiatedhimintoourEnglishclub.我介紹他加入我們英語俱樂部。ThebookinitiatesusintothecustomsinAfrica.這本書使我們初步了解了非洲的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。Ourschoolhasinitiatedanewprogramtoimprovemathskills.我們學(xué)校已開始了一項(xiàng)提高數(shù)學(xué)能力的新計(jì)劃。15.Initiatevt.(Para4)v.toseeclipsen.①日食，月食②（地位、聲譽(yù)等的）消失，黯然失色alossofimportance,power,ectvt.使黯然，使失色例句：Sheiseclipsedbyhersister.和妹妹相比，她有些遜色。Aftersufferingfromaneclipse,heisagainfamousamonghiscontemporaries.一段時(shí)期的銷聲匿跡后，他又名噪一時(shí)。16.eclipsen.①日食，月食②（地位、聲譽(yù)等的）消失

Itwaseffectivelytolastnearly25years.Despitehisreadmissiontoofficein1917,afteraspellcommandinganinfantrybattalionontheWesternFront,hefailedtore-establishthereputationasafuturenationalstatesmanhehadwonbeforethewar.Dispirited,hechosetheissueoftheLiberalParty'ssupportforthefirstgovernmentformedbytheLabourPartyin1924torejointheConservatives,afteraspellwhenhehadbeenoutofParliamentaltogether.TheConservativePrimeMinisterappointedChurchillChancelloroftheExchequer(財(cái)政大臣）,butwhenhereturnedthecountrytothegoldstandard,itprovedfinanciallydisastrous,andhefurtherweakenedhispoliticalpositionbyopposingmeasurestograntIndialimitedself-government.Heresignedofficein1931andenteredwhatappearedtobeaterminalpoliticaldecline.17. Itwaseffectivelytolastn

Byespousinganti-Nazipoliciesinhiswildernessyearsbetween1933and1939,heensuredthatwhenthemomentoffinalconfrontationbetweenBritainandHitlercamein1940,hestoodoutastheonemaninwhomthenationcouldplaceitstrust.Hehaddecried

theprewarappeasementpolicies（綏靖政策）oftheConservativeleadersBaldwinandChamberlain.WhenChamberlainlosttheconfidenceofParliament,Churchillwasinstalledinthepremiership.

18. Byespousinganti-Nazipolic

Hiswasableakinheritance.FollowingthetotaldefeatofFrance,Britaintruly,inhiswords,"stoodalone."Ithadnosubstantialalliesand,formuchof1940,layunderthreatofGermaninvasionandunderconstantGermanairattack.HeneverthelessrefusedHitler'soffersofpeace,organizedasuccessfulairdefensethatledtothevictoryoftheBattleofBritainandmeanwhilesentmostofwhatremainedoftheBritisharmy,afteritsescapefromthehumiliationofDunkirk,totheMiddleEasttoopposeHitler'sItalianally,Mussolini.19. Hiswasableakinheritance.

Thiswasoneoftheboldeststrategicdecisionsinhistory.ConvincedthatHitlercouldnotinvadeBritainwhiletheRoyalNavyanditsprotectingRoyalAirForceremainedintact,hedispatchedthearmytoaremotetheaterofwartoopenasecondfrontagainsttheNazialliance.ItsvictoriesagainstMussoliniduring1940-41bothhumiliatedandinfuriatedHitler,whileitsinterventioninGreece,toopposeHitler'sinvasionoftheBalkans,disruptedtheNazidictator'splanstoconcludeGermanconquestsinEuropebydefeatingRussia.

20. Thiswasoneoftheboldest

Fromtheoutsetofhispremiership,Churchill,halfAmericanbybirth,hadrestedhishopeofultimatevictoryinU.S.intervention.HehadestablishedapersonalrelationshipwithPresidentRooseveltthathehopedwouldflowerintoawar-winningalliance.Roosevelt'sreluctancetocommittheU.S.beyondanassociation"shortofwar"didnotdenthisoptimism.Healwayshopedeventswouldworkhisway.ThedecisionbyJapan,Hitler'sally,toattacktheAmericanPacificfleetatPearlHarboronDec.7,1941,justifiedhishopes.Thateveningheconfided

tohimself,

"Sowehadwonafterall."21. Fromtheoutsetofhispremi

America'sentryintotheSecondWorldWarmarkedthehighpointofChurchill'sstatesmanship.Britain,demographically,industriallyandfinancially,hadenteredthewarweakerthaneitherofitseventualallies,theSovietUnionandtheU.S.Defeatsin1940hadweakeneditfurther,ashadtheliquidationofitsinternationalinvestmentstofunditsearlywarefforts.During1942,theprestigeBritainhadwonasHitler'sonlyenemyallowedChurchilltosustainparityofleadershipintheanti-NazialliancewithRooseveltandStalin.22.

America'sentryintotheS

ChurchillunderstandablyexultedinthesuccessoftheD-day（諾曼底登陸日）invasionwhenitcamein1944.BythenitwastheRusso-AmericanratherthantheAnglo-Americannexus,however,thatdominatedthealliance,asheruefullyrecognizedatthelastBigThreeconferenceinFebruary1945.Shortlyafterwardhesufferedthedomestichumiliationoflosingthegeneralelectionandwithitthepremiership.Hewastoreturntopowerin1951andremainuntilApril1955,whenillhealthandvisiblyfailingpowerscausedhimtoresign.23. Churchillunderstandablye

Itwouldhavebeenkindertohisreputationhadhenotreturned.

HewasnotaneffectivepeacetimePrimeMinister.Hisnamehadbeenmade,andhestoodunchallengeable,asthegreatestofallBritain'swarleaders.Itwasnotonlyhisowncountry,though,thatowedhimadebt.SotoodidtheworldoffreemenandwomentowhomhehadmadeaconstantandinclusiveappealinhismagnificentspeechesfromembattledBritainin1940and1941.24. Itwouldhavebeenkinderto

ItsvictoriesagainstMussoliniduring1940-41bothhumiliatedandinfuriatedHitler,while

itsinterventioninGreece,toopposeHitler'sinvasionoftheBalkans,disruptedtheNazidictator'splanstoconcludeGermanconquestsinEuropebydefeatingRussia.Paraphrase:ThefactthatBritainwonitsbattlewithMussolinibroughtshametoHitlerwhowasveryangryatit.Meanwhile,BritainintervenedinthebattleinGreeceinordertopreventHitlerfrominvadingBalkans,whichfrustratedHitler’splanstoruleoverEuropebydefeatingRussia.25. ItsvictoriesagainstMussoliDecryv.(Para6)

①責(zé)備，譴責(zé)

②貶低例句：

Shedecriedhisrudeness.

她責(zé)備他的粗野。26.Decryv.(Para6)26.Inheritancen.(Para7)

①繼承，遺傳

②繼承物，遺產(chǎn)Inheritvt.

①繼承

②遺傳例句：Thisgovernmenthasinheritedmanyproblemsfromthepreviousone.上屆政府遺留給本屆政府很多問題。WeChinesehaveagreatculturalinheritance.我們中國有著偉大的文化遺產(chǎn)。27.Inheritancen.(Para7)27.詳解：

“while”作為連詞引導(dǎo)從句的用法。1）意為“而，然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折。WhileTom’sverygoodatscience,hisbrotherisabsolutelyhopeless.湯姆很擅長理科，然而他的弟弟絕對是無可救藥。2）意為“當(dāng)…的時(shí)候”，“在…期間”。WhileIwaswaitingatthebusstop,threebuseswentbyintheoppositedirection.當(dāng)我在公交車站等車時(shí)，對向駛過了三輛公共汽車。3）意為“雖然”“盡管”，表示讓步。WhileIamwillingtohelp,Idonothavemuchtimeavailable.盡管我愿意幫忙，但是沒有多少時(shí)間。28.詳解：28.4)意為“到…時(shí)”，“直到…為止”。Iwaitedwhilesixo’clock.我一直等到了六點(diǎn)鐘。短語：allthewhile一直atwhiles有時(shí)，不時(shí)，間或forawhile一會(huì)quiteawhile有一陣子，相當(dāng)長一段時(shí)間29.4)意為“到…時(shí)”，“直到…為止”。29.Infuriatev.(Para8)

使大怒，觸怒

Infuriationn.激怒,激昂詞組短語：

Beinfuriatedat對…極為憤怒例句：

Itinfuriatedmetoreadthathehadbeenindicated.

讀到他被控告的消息時(shí)我火冒三丈。30.Infuriatev.(Para8)30.例句：Whydidn’tyouconfidethesecrettome?你為什么不把這個(gè)這個(gè)秘密告訴我呢？Youcanconfideinhergoodfaith.你可以信任她的誠實(shí)。31.例句：31.Confidev.(Para9)

吐露（秘密等）

信托，委托Confidencen.信心，把握，信賴confidentialadj.機(jī)密的,秘密的Confidingadj.深信不疑的詞組短語：

Confidein…信任…

confidencetrick騙局32.Confidev.(Para9)32.Itwouldhavebeenkindertohisreputationhadhenotreturned.(Para.12,Line1)Paraphrase:

Ifhehadnotreturned,itwouldhavebeenbetterforhisreputation.如果他沒有再次上臺執(zhí)政的話，或許他的名聲會(huì)好一點(diǎn)。詳解:

虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were，should，或had，可將if省略，再把were，should或had移到從句句首，形成倒裝。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.33.Itwouldhavebeenkindertoh1.WhatwasChurchillinterestedinwhenhewasinIndiaandtheSudan?HewasinterestedinbothliteratureandpublicaffairswhenhewasinIndiaandtheSudan.2.WhatkindofNobelPrizedidChurchillwin?HewontheNobelPrizeforLiterature.3.WhenandhowdidChurchillstepontotheworldstage?HesteppedontotheworldstageattheoutbreakoftheWorldWarIin1914inthecapacityofFirstLordoftheAdmiraltyofGreatBritain.34.1.WhatwasChurchillinterest5.WhathelpedChurchilltobeasimportantasRooseveltandStalin?ItwasthefactthatBritain,undertheleadershipofChurchill,stoodaloneasHitler’sonlyenemyin1942.Becauseheknewverywellthathiscountryalonewasnotdemographically,industriallyorfinanciallystrongenoughtowinthewaragainsttheNazisandtheinterventionoftheU.S.,themostpowerfulcountryintheworld,wouldbringthewartoitsendmuchsooner.4.WhydidChurchillhopetheU.S.couldjointhewaragainstHitler?35.5.WhathelpedChurchilltobeEversincehebecamethepremierofhiscountry,ChurchillplacedhishopeofthefinalvictoryontheinterventionoftheU.S.InordertogettheU.S.involvedinthewar,heestablishedapersonalrelationshipwithPresidentRoosevelt.WhenhisrequestwasdeclinedbyRoosevelt,hewasstilloptimisticandbelievedthatthingswouldworkhisway.Thelaterdevelopmentoftheworldsituationprovedthathewasright.6.Inwhatway,accordingtotheauthorofthistext,wasChurchillasuccessfulstatesman?36.EversincehebecamethepremiPoliticalCareer(inearlystage)1901…HeenteredParliament.1904…HelefttheConservationPartytojointheLiberals.1906…Under-SecretaryofState國務(wù)次卿1908…PresidentoftheBoardofTrade.英國貿(mào)易委員會(huì)主席。1910…HomeSecretary內(nèi)政大臣1911…FirstLordoftheAdmiralty英國海軍大臣1912…RoyalNavalAirService皇家海軍航空隊(duì)1914…politicalheadofroyalnavyattheoutbreakofthefirstworldwar(whenhesteppedontotheworldstage)37PoliticalCareer(inearlystaPoliticalCareer(inearlystage)1915…h(huán)eresignedandbeganhispoliticaleclipse1917…readmissiontooffice,buthefailedtore-establishthereputation1919…MinisterofWar軍事部長1921…ColonialSecretary輔政司1924…h(huán)erejoinedtheconservativeaschancellorofexchequer.財(cái)政大臣1931…h(huán)eresignedofficeandenteredwhatappearedtobeaterminalpoliticaldecline.38PoliticalCareer(inearlystaPoliticalCareer(inlaterstage)1933~1939…anti-Nazipoliciesinhiswildernessyears.1940…h(huán)estoodoutastheonemaninwhomthenationcouldplaceitstrustandrefusedHitler'soffersofpeace,organizedasuccessfulairdefensethatledtothevictoryoftheBattleofBritain.1941…h(huán)ispoliciesdisruptedtheNazi'splantoconcludeGermanconquestsinEuropebydefeatingRussia.39PoliticalCareer(inlaterstPoliticalCareer(inlaterstage)1942…theprestigeBritainhadwonasHitler'sonlyenemyallowedChurchilltosustainparityofleadershipintheanti-NazialliancewithRooseveltandStalin.1945…h(huán)elosethegeneralelectionandwithitthepremiership.1951…h(huán)ewastoreturntopower1955…whenillhealthandvisiblyfailingpowerscausedhimtoresign40PoliticalCareer(inlaterstliteratureChurchill'sliterarycareerbeganwithcampaignreports:TheStoryoftheMalakandFieldForce

(1898)andTheRiverWar

(1899)

1900,hepublishedhisonlynovel,Savona

1906,hisfirstmajorwork,thebiographyofhisfather,LordRandolphChurchill丘吉爾勛爵1933-1938,hisotherfamousbiography,thelifeofhisgreatancestor,TheDukeofMarlborough馬爾伯勒公爵1923-1929,Churchill'shistoryoftheFirstWorldWarTheWorldCrisis第一次世界大戰(zhàn)回憶錄1930,anautobiographicalaccountofhisyouth,MyEarlyLife我的童年生活1948-1953/54,hismemoirsoftheSecondWorldWar1956-1958,HistoryoftheEnglish-speakingPeoples

Hismagnificentoratory:TheUnrelentingStruggle

(1942),

TheDawnofLiberation

(1945),andVictory

(1946).41literatureChurchill'sliteraryartChurchill,agiftedamateurpainter,wrotePaintingasaPastime

(1948).《繪畫消遣》42artChurchill,agiftedamateurhonors1953,ChurchillwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiterature.1953,QueenElizabethIIconferredonhimthedignityofKnighthood(騎士身份)andinvestedhimwiththeinsigniaoftheOrderoftheGarter(嘉德勛章).1963,PresidentKennedyconferredonhimthehonorarycitizenshipoftheUnitedStates(美國榮譽(yù)市民).43honors1953,Churchillwasawaranecdotes據(jù)說，丘吉爾一生中吸過的雪茄的總長度為46公里，吸食雪茄總重量為3000公斤，是世界上吸食雪茄吉尼斯紀(jì)錄的保持者。丘吉爾的父母壽命都不長，他自己也是一位先天不足的早產(chǎn)兒，出生時(shí)僅僅五斤重，而且體質(zhì)羸弱，在如此惡劣的戰(zhàn)爭環(huán)境中，一位日理萬機(jī)的政治家，卻活了91歲。44anecdotes據(jù)說，丘吉爾一生中吸過的雪茄的總長度為46anecdotes“victory”它源自英文勝利一詞，形象的表現(xiàn)了這個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母“V”。而創(chuàng)造這個(gè)手勢的人就是丘吉爾。

WinstonChurchillcreatedandpopularisedtheVforvictorysignduringWorldWarII.45anecdotes“victory”它源自英文勝利一詞，形象4646474748484949Famoussayings"Alwaysremember,thatIhavetakenmoreoutofalcoholthanalcoholhastakenoutofme."我欠酒多，酒欠我少。“InWar:Resolution,InDefeat:Defiance,InVictory:Magnanimity,InPeace:GoodWill."戰(zhàn)爭中，決心。失敗中，不屈。勝利中，慷慨。和平中，好意。"thereisnosuchthingasagoodtax"稅收萬惡。"IfHitlerinvadedhellIwouldmakeatleastafavorablereferencetothedevilintheHouseofCommons."如果希特勒入侵了地獄，我也會(huì)在議會(huì)里夸獎(jiǎng)魔鬼幾句。"Ifweopenaquarrelbetweenpastandpresent,weshallfindthatwehavelostthefuture."如果我們讓過去和現(xiàn)在爭吵，我們將失去未來。50Famoussayings"Alwaysremember

TextⅡWinstonChurchill51.

TextⅡWinstonChurchilAboutthewriter:JohnKeeganahistorian,isthedefenseandmilitaryspecialistforLondon’sDailyTelegraph52Aboutthewriter:2ComprehensionoftheTextThisbiographyiswritteninchronologicalorder.53ComprehensionoftheTextThis

Churchillcameofamilitarydynasty.HisancestorJohnChurchillhadbeencreatedfirstDukeofMarlborough(馬爾巴羅公爵)

in1702forhisvictoriesagainstLouisXIV（路易十四）earlyintheWaroftheSpanishSuccession.（西班牙王位繼承戰(zhàn)爭）Churchillwasbornin1874inBlenheimPalace（布尼姆宮）,thehousebuiltbythenationforMarlborough.Asayoungmanofundistinguishedacademicaccomplishment--hewasadmittedtoSandhurst（桑赫斯特皇家軍事學(xué)校）aftertwofailedattempts--heenteredthearmyasacavalryofficer.Hetookenthusiasticallytosoldiering(andperhapsevenmoreenthusiasticallytoregimentalpoloplaying)andbetween1895and1898managedtoseethreecampaigns:Spain'sstruggleinCubain1895,theNorth-WestFrontiercampaigninIndia1897andtheSudancampaignof1898,wherehetookpartinwhatisoftendescribedastheBritishArmy'slastcavalrycharge,atOmdurman.

WinstonChurchillbyJohnKeegan54. Churchillcameofamilitary

InCubahewaspresentasawarcorrespondent,andinIndiaandtheSudanhewaspresentbothasawarcorrespondentandasaservingofficer.Thusherevealedtwootheraspectsofhischaracter:aliterarybentandaninterestinpublicaffairs.55.

InCubahewaspresentasaw

Hewastowriteallhislife.His"LifeofMarlborough"isoneofthegreatEnglishbiographies,and"TheHistoryoftheSecondWorldWar"helpedwinhimaNobelPrizeforliterature.Writing,however,neverfullyengagedhisenergies.Politicsconsumedhim.HisfatherLordRandolphChurchill（倫道夫?丘吉爾勛爵）wasabrilliantpoliticalfailure.Earlyinlife,Winstondeterminedtosucceedwherehisfatherhadfailed.Hismotivesweretwofold.Hisfatherhaddespisedhim.WritinginAugust1893toWinston'sgrandmother,thedowagerDuchessofMarlborough,hesaidtheboylacked

"cleverness,knowledgeandanycapacityforsettledwork.Hehasagreattalentforshow-off,exaggerationandmake-believe."

Hisdisapprovalsurelystung,butChurchillreactedbyveneratinghisfather'smemory.56. Hewastowriteallhislife.Hewastowriteallhislife.(Para.2,Line1)Paraphrase:Hewasdestinedtowriteallhislife.之后他一生一直在寫作。詳解：“betodo”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)有兩方面的意思1）be+動(dòng)詞不定式作表語，它表示主語和表語在概念上是等同的。2）“betodo”作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的詞匯單位，具有情態(tài)意義，表示“計(jì)劃”“安排”“應(yīng)該”“可能”等。例句：Theproblemistofindasolution.Theheadmasteristohaveameetinginourclass.was/weretodo表示曾經(jīng)計(jì)劃要做某事was/weretohavedone表示過去本計(jì)劃做某事卻由于某些原因而沒有做577Winstonfoughttorestorehisfather'shonorinParliament(whereithadbeendentedbytheConservativeParty).ThirtyyearsafterLordRandolph'sdeath,Winstonwrote,

"Allmydreamsofcomradeshipwereended.Thereremainedformeonlytopursuehisaimsandvindicatehismemory."

ChurchillenteredParliamentin1901atage26.In1904helefttheConservativePartytojointheLiberals,inpartoutofcalculation:theLiberalswerethecomingparty,andinitsrankshesoonachievedhighoffice.HebecameHomeSecretaryin1910andFirstLordoftheAdmiralty（海軍大臣）in1911.ThusitwasaspoliticalheadoftheRoyalNavyattheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914thathesteppedontotheworldstage.

58.Winstonfoughttorestorehis

Apassionatebelieverinthenavy'shistoricstrategicrole,heimmediatelycommittedtheRoyalNavalDivision（皇家海軍）toaninterventionintheFlanderscampaignin1914.FrustratedbythestalemateinBelgiumandFrancethatfollowed,heinitiatedtheAllies'onlymajorefforttooutflanktheGermansontheWesternFrontbysendingthenavy,andlateralargeforceofthearmy,totheMediterranean.AtGallipoliin1915,thisAnglo-FrenchforcestruggledtobreakthedefensesthatblockedaccesstotheBlackSea.ItwasaheroicfailurethatforcedChurchill'sresignationandledtohispoliticaleclipse.59. ApassionatebelieverintheFrustratedbythestalemateinBelgiumandFrancethatfollowed,heinitiatedtheAllies’onlymajoreffortoutflanktheGermansontheWesternFrontbysendingthenavy,andlateralargeforceofthearmy,totheMediterranean.(Para.4,Line4)Paraphrase:FeelingdisappointedabouttheblockedsituationinBelgiumandFrancethatfollowed,hebegantosettheAllies’onlymajorefforttomaneuveraroundandbehindtheflankoftheGermansontheWesternFrontbysendingthenavy,andlateralargeforceofthearmy,totheMediterranean.隨后他們在比利時(shí)和法國沒有取得什么戰(zhàn)果，丘吉爾感到十分失望。他先后把海軍和另一批主力部隊(duì)派遣到地中海，想要從西線包圍德國軍隊(duì)。6010succession

theactoftakingoveranofficialpositionortitleortherighttotakeoveranofficialpositionortitle,especiallytobecomethekingorqueenofacountry繼承，繼承權(quán)Successiveadj.連續(xù)的，逐次的，相繼的successorn.繼承人，接班人詞組短語：Insuccession接連的，連續(xù)的Asuccessionof一連串；一系列Inquicksuccession緊接地例句：Thegunmanfiredthreetimesinrapidsuccession.歹徒連開三槍。She’sthirdinorderofsuccessiontothethrone.?她在王位繼承人順位中排第三。61.successiontheactoftaki詳解：這個(gè)句子的主要結(jié)構(gòu)就是heinitiatedthe…bysending…to…。Frustratedby…在這里是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語，邏輯主語是he，其中thatfollowed是定語從句，關(guān)系代詞that所代替的先行詞是前面的名詞stalemate。6212Regiment

①

n.alargegroupofsoldiersthatiscommandedbyaCOLONEL(軍隊(duì)的)團(tuán)②v.嚴(yán)格地管制，嚴(yán)密地編組

Regimental

adj.團(tuán)的，團(tuán)隊(duì)的例句：Modernchildrendon`tlikebeingregimented.現(xiàn)代兒童不喜歡嚴(yán)格管教63.Regiment13.Sting

(Para2)v.①刺傷，蟄傷，叮②激怒，刺痛n.刺痛，刺傷，劇痛stingern.諷刺者有刺的動(dòng)物stingilyadv.小氣地吝嗇地Stingingadj.激烈的刺人的例句：Hewasstungbyabeewhenhewascollectingthehoney.他在采蜜時(shí)被蟄了。Somespiderscangiveapoisonoussting.有些蜘蛛會(huì)以毒液蟄人。64.Sting(Para2)v.①刺傷，蟄傷，叮②激怒，Initiate

vt.(Para4)v.tosetgoingbytakingthefirststep;begin①開始，發(fā)動(dòng)②使初步了解③接納，讓…加入Initiativen.主動(dòng)性,自主決斷的能力、initiationn.啟蒙，傳授詞組短語：Initiatesbinto…接納某人加入某一團(tuán)體例句：IinitiatedhimintoourEnglishclub.我介紹他加入我們英語俱樂部。ThebookinitiatesusintothecustomsinAfrica.這本書使我們初步了解了非洲的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。Ourschoolhasinitiatedanewprogramtoimprovemathskills.我們學(xué)校已開始了一項(xiàng)提高數(shù)學(xué)能力的新計(jì)劃。65.Initiatevt.(Para4)v.toseeclipsen.①日食，月食②（地位、聲譽(yù)等的）消失，黯然失色alossofimportance,power,ectvt.使黯然，使失色例句：Sheiseclipsedbyhersister.和妹妹相比，她有些遜色。Aftersufferingfromaneclipse,heisagainfamousamonghiscontemporaries.一段時(shí)期的銷聲匿跡后，他又名噪一時(shí)。66.eclipsen.①日食，月食②（地位、聲譽(yù)等的）消失

Itwaseffectivelytolastnearly25years.Despitehisreadmissiontoofficein1917,afteraspellcommandinganinfantrybattalionontheWesternFront,hefailedtore-establishthereputationasafuturenationalstatesmanhehadwonbeforethewar.Dispirited,hechosetheissueoftheLiberalParty'ssupportforthefirstgovernmentformedbytheLabourPartyin1924torejointheConservatives,afteraspellwhenhehadbeenoutofParliamentaltogether.TheConservativePrimeMinisterappointedChurchillChancelloroftheExchequer(財(cái)政大臣）,butwhenhereturnedthecountrytothegoldstandard,itprovedfinanciallydisastrous,andhefurtherweakenedhispoliticalpositionbyopposingmeasurestograntIndialimitedself-government.Heresignedofficein1931andenteredwhatappearedtobeaterminalpoliti