初中英語(yǔ)介詞用法詳細(xì)講解與練習(xí)

精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)專心---專注---專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)定義：介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞,詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句字成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞和它的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)?！?、表示時(shí)間的介詞：1)in,on，at在……時(shí)in表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，如世紀(jì)、朝代、時(shí)代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如inthe20thcentury,inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,inJanuary,inthemorning,inthenight,inone’slife,inone’sthirties等。on表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚。如onMay1st,onMonday,onNewYear’sDay,onacoldnightinJanuary,onafinemorning,onSundayafternoon等。at表示某一時(shí)刻或較短暫的時(shí)間，或泛指圣誕節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)等。如at3:20,atthistimeofyear,atthebeginningof,attheendof…,attheageof…,atChristmas，atnight,atnoon,atthismoment等。注意：在last,next,this,that,some,every等詞之前一律不用介詞。如：Wemeeteveryday.“at時(shí)間點(diǎn)，有on必有天，in指月季年，也和色相連”就是說(shuō)，有具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)的時(shí)候用at，具體那一天用on，說(shuō)到月份，季節(jié)，年份，就用in；而且說(shuō)誰(shuí)穿了什么顏色的衣服的時(shí)候，也是用inXX（color）】at用于某一具體時(shí)刻或重大節(jié)日之前①在五點(diǎn)鐘______②在中午________③在夜晚________④在圣誕節(jié)________⑤在午夜_________(2)on用在具體某一天或某天的上午、下午、晚上之前①在國(guó)慶節(jié)_________②在周二晚上_________③在星期天_________(3)in用在周、日、季節(jié)或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前①在一周內(nèi)_________②在五月_________③在夏季_________④在2009年_________⑤在下午_________歸納總結(jié)在初中階段常見(jiàn)的固定短語(yǔ)inEnglish用英語(yǔ)inaminute一會(huì)兒、立刻inashortwhile一會(huì)兒、不久inahurry匆匆忙忙indanger在危險(xiǎn)中infull全部地、詳細(xì)地inaword一句話inall總共ineverycase不管怎樣intheend最后inspiteof盡管inperson親自infact事實(shí)上ingoodhealth身體健康的infrontof在……前面insomeways在某些方面incommon共同的inpublic當(dāng)眾☆考題再現(xiàn)：---WhowasthefirstmanwithA(h1n1)fluinmainlandChinaknowforsure?---________May11,2009.AInBOnCForDSince2、before、afterbefore表示“在某時(shí)刻或某件事之前”，after用在時(shí)刻或某件事之后。①Wemustleave______.八點(diǎn)鐘之前我們必須離開(kāi)。（before8o’clock）②________breakfast,hehurriedtoschool.早餐后，他匆忙上學(xué)去了。（After）☆考題再現(xiàn)：Whentheschoolbiuldingbegantoshake,theteachersrandownstdirs_____allthestudents.Theteachersarerealhero.A.afterB.withC.befor【解析】after“在……之后”，with“與……一起”，before“在……之前”。老師們是英雄，說(shuō)明老師們?cè)诘卣鸷笈茉诹藢W(xué)生之后。3、by、until、till（1）by表示“在……之前，到……為止”Youmusthandinyourhomework______nineo’clock.你必須在9點(diǎn)前交上家庭作業(yè)。（by）（2）till與until都有“直到……”或“直到……為止”之意，till多用于口語(yǔ)，且不能放在句首，till和until用于肯定句時(shí)，主句中動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作一致延續(xù)到till或until后的時(shí)間為止；till和until用于否定句時(shí)，主句中的動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)作，它的動(dòng)作要到till或until后的時(shí)間才發(fā)生。Eg：①Hecannotbeback_____January.直到一月份他才回來(lái)。（till/until）②Wewaited_____10o’clocklastnight.昨晚我們一直等到10點(diǎn)鐘。（till/until）4．Of,about,onOf僅指“關(guān)于”人或事物的存在。Hespokeofthefilmtheotherday.Hethoughtofthematteryesterday.About指“關(guān)于”某人或某事物的較詳細(xì)的情況。It’sabookforchildrenaboutAfricaandit’speople.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutyourself?On指“關(guān)于”學(xué)術(shù)性的或嚴(yán)肅性的，供專門研究用的。It’satextbookonhistoryofChina.5、in，after兩者都有“在一段時(shí)間之后”之意，但“in+時(shí)間段”表示時(shí)間從現(xiàn)在算起，常用語(yǔ)將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)；而“after+時(shí)間段/時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示的時(shí)間從過(guò)去算起，多用于過(guò)去式。Eg：（1）Iwillfinishthework_____twohours.兩個(gè)小時(shí)后我將完成這項(xiàng)工作。（2）Hereturnedhishometown_________halfanyear.半年后他返回了他的故鄉(xiāng)?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】Nohurry.Thebuswillarrive_______tenminutes.A.atB.forC.inD.by【解析】在將來(lái)時(shí)中，in用在一段時(shí)間之前，表示在一段時(shí)間之后。故選C※二、表示地點(diǎn)的介詞：表示方位的介詞：in、on、toIn表示“在…內(nèi)”，on表示“與…相鄰”，to表示“在…之外，又不相鄰”①AisinthenortheastofB.②AisonthewestofB.③BistotheeastofA.【考題再現(xiàn)】Taiwanisabeautifulislandandit’s_____eastofFujian.A.inB.onC.to【解析】在表示方位時(shí)，in表在內(nèi)部，on表相鄰，to表在外部，又不相鄰。臺(tái)灣在附件的外部，與福建隔海相望。2、表示“在…之上或之下”的介詞above,over,on在……上above指在……上方,不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直，與below相對(duì)；over指垂直的上方,與under相對(duì),但over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Heputhiswatchonthedesk.3)below,under在……下面under表示在…正下方below表示在……下，不一定在正下方Thereisacatunderthetable.Pleasewriteyournamebelowtheline.Mypencil-caseis_____LiLei’sdesk.我的鉛筆盒在李磊的課桌上。Thereisabridge_____theriver.河上有座橋。Theplaneisflying_____theclouds.飛機(jī)在云層上飛行。①Pleasedonotwrite_____thisline.請(qǐng)不要寫在這條線的下面。③Thewaterflows_____thebridge.水在橋下流過(guò)?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】Theweatherreportsaidthatthetemperaturewouldfell_____(在…下面)zero.【解析】“在…下面”可用below或under，表示在溫度的上方或下方用above（上）或Below（下）。3、表示在某地的介詞：at、in、onat—表示較小的地點(diǎn)，in—表示較大的地方，on—表示在一個(gè)平面上。Eg：①_____Shanghai.②_____home.③_____ground.【考題再現(xiàn)】Tomtoldmehisparentshadarrived_____Beijing.A.atB.onC.inD.to【解析】arrive后接兩個(gè)介詞in或at，at接小地方，in接大地方。北京是大地方，4、表示“前、后”的介詞⑴infrontof，inthefrontof，before表示“在…之前”infrontof=before表示“在某一范圍之外的前面”inthefrontof表示“在某一范圍之內(nèi)的前部”eg：①Tomisshortandalwayssits_____theclassroom.湯姆很矮，一直坐在教室的前面。②Thereisatree_____myhouse.我的房前有棵大樹(shù)。⑵atthebackof,behind,after三者均有“在…之后”之意，atthebackof是inthefrontof的反義詞，表示“在某一范圍之內(nèi)的后部”，behind是infrontof的反義詞，表示“在某一范圍之外的后面”，After可與behind互換，也可以用于表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的詞詞后面。Eg：①Thecouplesarewalking_____theirson.這對(duì)夫婦跟在他們的兒子后面散步。②Yourcatis_____thetree.你的貓躲在樹(shù)后面。③There’sablackboard_____theclassroom.教室后面有塊黑板。【考題再現(xiàn)】Thereisabank_____（在…后面）thebusstation.【解析】在某一物體外部的后面，5、表示“里外”的介詞⑴in表示“在…內(nèi)”，有靜止之意，inside表示“在…里面”、“到…里面”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“以…為界”之意，into表示動(dòng)作的方向，意為“到…內(nèi)”。Eg：①M(fèi)ywalletis_____thecloset.我的錢包在衣柜里。②Theboyrushed_____thehouse.這個(gè)男孩沖進(jìn)房子。③HewasreadingEnglish_____thedoor.他在家里讀英語(yǔ)。⑵outside是inside的反義詞，表示“在…外面”，outof是into的反義詞，表示“到…外”。Eg：①Don’tlook_____thewindowwhenyouareinclass.上課時(shí)不要想窗外看。②Theyarehavinganimportantmeeting,pleasewait_____theoffice.他們正在召開(kāi)一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議，請(qǐng)?jiān)谵k公室外邊等候。6.from,to,for,into,outof1)from從…..ThetrainstartedfromParis.ShewillflyfromBeijingtoHK.2)to到….（目的地）去，向…..HewenttoGuangzhoulastyear.Theygottothetownverylate.3)for向…..，表目的方向HeleftforTianjinonbusinessyesterday.ThetrainforShanghaihasbeenaway.Towards,to和for都可表示方向，其區(qū)別如下：Towards僅指朝向某個(gè)方向，不一定是目的地，而to和for都是“向目的地”。For作“向（目的地）時(shí)，常用于固定搭配中，如：leavefor,startfor4)into進(jìn)入Pleaseputthewaterintothebottle.Theteachercameintotheclassroom.5)outof從…..出來(lái)Agirlinredwentoutoftheshop.Theypulledhimoutofthewater.※三、其他介詞1、表示材料與手段的介詞：with,by,in⑴with表示用什么工具，所用的東西都是具體的物。Eg：Wesee_____oureyesandhear_____ears.我們用眼看，用耳聽(tīng)。⑵by指“靠…手段”，“用…方法”，“憑借…動(dòng)作”，所表示的方法、手段、途徑比較抽象，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，也可和bus、plane、bike等表示交通手段的名詞連用。Eg：①Heearnshisliving_____writing.他靠寫作謀生。②Ishallcontactyou_____telephone.我將打電話和你聯(lián)系。③IwilltraveltoHainan______air.我將乘飛機(jī)去海南?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】LinLinoftenpracticesEnglish_____chattingwithherAmericanfriend.A.inB.byC.forD.with【解析】by后接動(dòng)名詞常表示使用某種方法或通過(guò)某種途徑。⑶in表示“所用材料以及所用的語(yǔ)言、聲音、衣飾等”eg：①Theyaretalking_____Japanese.他們正用日語(yǔ)交談。②Theboyalways_____ablueheat.男孩常帶一頂藍(lán)帽。③Iliketodrawpicture_____redink.我喜歡用紅墨水畫畫?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】Betlylet’smakeacake_____someflour,sugar,butterandmilk.A.atB.ofC.inD.with【解析】根據(jù)句意“Betly讓我們用面粉、糖、黃油、牛奶做面包”可知，空格部分介詞為用，With指工具或材料，2、of,from,aboutOf表示“屬于…的”，表示數(shù)量或種類；from表示“是哪里人”以及時(shí)間或時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)來(lái)自；about“關(guān)于…”、“大約、左右”等。Eg：①Theoldmansithere_____morning.從早晨起老人就坐在這兒。②WangHongisafriend_____mine.王紅是我的一位朋友。③Iknownothing_____him.我對(duì)他一無(wú)所知。④Thereare_____fiftypeopleintheroom.房間里大約有50人。⑤Hereisacup_____teaforyou.給你一杯茶。⑥Thesevisitorsareall_____American.這些游客都來(lái)自美國(guó)?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】Igotane-mailthismorning.Itwas_____myforeignfriend,Tony.【解析】befrom意為“來(lái)自”，表明主語(yǔ)的出處。四、幾個(gè)已混介詞的用法辨析1)表示“在……之間”的介詞：between,amongbetween指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間；among指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間。①M(fèi)yschoolis_____thepostofficeandthehospital.我的學(xué)校在郵局和醫(yī)院之間。②Ifoundhim_____thecrowd.我從人群中發(fā)現(xiàn)了他。【考題再現(xiàn)】Youmustrideyourbike_____therightsideofroad.A.atB.onC.inD.forThereisafootballmatchbetweenClassOneandClassTwoontheplayground.Theteacherisstandingamongthestudents.2)by,with,in表示方法、手段、工具by以……方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具；with表示用…工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段；in表示用…方式，用…語(yǔ)言(語(yǔ)調(diào)、筆墨、顏色)等；Hemakesalivingbysellingnewspapers.Hebrokethewindowwithastone.TheforeignerspoketousinEnglish.※五、含有介詞的固定搭配1、介詞與動(dòng)詞dowellin在某方面做的好dowith處置agreewithsb.同意某人beginwith以…開(kāi)始laughat嘲笑helpwith在…方面幫助leavefor動(dòng)身去某地catchupwith趕上geton/alongwith與…相處arrivein/at到達(dá)makefriendwith與…交朋友takecareof照顧、照料lookat看listento聽(tīng)hearfrom聽(tīng)說(shuō)lookfor尋找turnon/off打開(kāi)/關(guān)上sendfor派人去請(qǐng)lookafter照看、照料puton穿上payfor為…付錢lookover檢查dependon依賴、依靠waitfor等候fillwith充滿askfor要，要求【考題再現(xiàn)】——Whatwouldyoudo_____thelostlibararybook?——Iwouldbytofinditorpay_____it.A.for,toB.about,forC.with,forD.with,to【解析】本題考查的是介詞的固定搭配。dowith意為“處置”、“對(duì)付”，payfor“為…付錢”2、介詞和形容詞的固定搭配besatisfiedwithsb.對(duì)某人感到滿意beweakin在某方面差begood/badfor對(duì)…有益/有害belatefor遲到bepleasedwithsb.對(duì)某人感到滿意bebusywith忙于beangryatsth.因…而生氣bemadeof由…制成beangryatsb.生某人的氣begoodat在…方面做的好befullof充滿bedifferentfrom與…不同bestrictwithsb.對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格bestrictinsth.對(duì)某事要求嚴(yán)格beproudof以…為榮【考題再現(xiàn)】Wemustbestrict_____ourselvesandstrict_____ourwork.A.in,withB.with,inC.in,inD.with,with【解析】本體考察的是介詞和形容詞搭配的固定短語(yǔ)。bestrictwithsb.意為“對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格”，對(duì)某事要求嚴(yán)格在strict后面接in3、介詞與名詞搭配intime及時(shí)atwork在工作ontime按時(shí)infact事實(shí)上athome在家atonce馬上atnight晚上introuble處于困境onfoot步行onduty值日inahurry匆忙inthesun在陽(yáng)光下鞏固練習(xí)1.Taiwanis________thesoutheastofChina.（in,on,to）2.Go_________thebridge_________theriver,you’llfindtheshop.（across,through;over,above）3.Igotoschool__________7:30everymorning.（in,on,at）4.Hewouldliketomeether__________8:00and9:00tomorrowmorning.（between,among）5.TheGreenshavelivedinChina________threeyears.（in,for,after）6.Wegotoschooleveryday________SaturdayandSunday.（except,besides）7.Hewrotetheletter_________ink.（by,with,in）8.Shereturnedtohercountry_________fiveyears.（in,after,for）9.Thereisabigtree_________ourclassroom.（after,behind）10.Iusuallygotowork_________bike.（by,on,with）強(qiáng)化復(fù)習(xí)1Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on2-Thereisnothingtomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up3Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since4tiesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during5Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of6Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still7Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on21Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast____fourhundredyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast2Wereturnedtoourhometown___.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.foraweek3Greatchangeshavetakenplace___.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyearD.onthelastyear31Childrenwakeupveryearly____themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at2____acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For3Ithappenedtobeverycold____themorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.of4Whydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in41HewenttoShanghai___September3,1991andcameback___acoldmorninglastyear.A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;in2Lucywasborn____thenightofMay12,1984.A.onB.inC.atD.to3Mrs.BrowncametoChina____1996.A.onB.ofC.to,D.in4___themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscametoChicagotoshowtheirmourning___JoeHill.A.On;toB.In;ofC.On;forD.At;for5Annmoved___Hangzhou___September,1992.A./;inB.to;inC.to;onD.in;in6Theystartedoff___anautumnafternoon.A.duringB.atC.inD.on51Heoftengoes____school____sixthirty____themorning.A.for;to;inB.to;atinC.to;for;atD,for;at;to2Hearrived___Shanghai___9:30___March5.fA.at;in;atB.to;on;atC.in;on;atD.in;at;on3TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere____halfpastten.A:inB.atC.onD.of4Thechildrengetup___6o'clock.A.atB.onC.duringD.in61Thedoctorworked___fivehours___arest.A.for;withB.on;withoutC.about;havingD.for;without2Iworkedontheproblem____alongtimeandIworkeditout____myself____last.A.for;by;atB.in;with;onC.on;by;inD.for;for;atthe3Anewfactorywillbesetup___ayearslater.A.forB.inC.afterD.on4Twoyears___hebegantowriteanotherstory-book.A.afterB.later;C.inD.late5Wewillfinishthepictureaday.A.inB.onC.afterD.on6Theworkershadbeen____strike____almostamonth.A.on;inB.at;inC.on;forD.on;during7Mr.Brownhadlain____theground____fourhoursbeforetheyfinallyfoundhim.A.on;forB.at;inC.on;a