備戰(zhàn)2022高考英語(yǔ)每日一練（五）教師版

備戰(zhàn)高考英語(yǔ)每日一練（五）考綱詞匯考綱詞匯中譯英1.n.宇航員;太空人

2.

n.人造衛(wèi)星;衛(wèi)星3.

vt.&n.發(fā)射;發(fā)起;上市4.

n.(環(huán)繞地球、太陽(yáng)等運(yùn)行的)軌道;勢(shì)力范圍vt.&vi.沿軌道運(yùn)行;環(huán)繞……運(yùn)行5.

n.跳躍;劇增;劇變vi.&vt.跳過(guò);躍過(guò)6.

n.渴望;欲望vt.渴望;期望7.

vt.&vi.標(biāo)志著;標(biāo)明;發(fā)信號(hào)n.信號(hào);標(biāo)志8.

vt.回收利用;再利用9.

n.缺乏;短缺vt.沒(méi)有;缺乏10.

vi.浮動(dòng);漂流;漂浮vt.使浮動(dòng);使漂流11.

adv.否則;要不然12.

prep.在更遠(yuǎn)處;超出13.

adj.當(dāng)前的;現(xiàn)在的n.水流;電流;思潮14.

n.監(jiān)視器;監(jiān)測(cè)儀vt.監(jiān)視;監(jiān)測(cè);監(jiān)控15.

n.資源;財(cái)力;物力16.

adj.有限的17.

adj.結(jié)尾的;結(jié)束的n.停業(yè);關(guān)閉;倒閉18.

vt.系;綁;貼19.繼續(xù)做,堅(jiān)持干

22.在宇宙飛船上;在船上;在飛機(jī)上

21.抱著……的希望

22.為了;以便

23.弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白

24.導(dǎo)致;造成

25.所以;結(jié)果(是)

26.提供生活所需

27.最后

28.用完;耗盡參考答案：1.hehopeofdoingsth22.soasto(dosth)23.videforsb27.inclosing28.runout閱讀詞匯識(shí)詞義閱讀詞匯識(shí)詞義1.proceduren.

2.cm(centimetre)abbr.

3.rocketn.

4.gravityn.

5.frontiern.

6.vehiclen.

7.giantadj.

n.

8.mankindn.

9.transmitvt.&vi.

10.datan.[pl.]

11.ongoingadj.

12.spacecraftn.

13.spacewalkn.

14.jaden.

15.dockvi.&vt.

n.

16.musclen.

17.solaradj.

18.sufficientadj.

19.soapn.

20.toweln.

21.microwaven.

22.tissuen.

23.facilityn.

24.keenadj.

25.globen.

26.fataladj.

27.shallowadj.

28.patternn.

29.analysisn.

30.high-endadj.

31.foamn.

32.pillown.

33.smartphonen.

34.oxygenn.

參考答案：1.程序;步驟;手續(xù)2.厘米3.火箭;火箭彈4.重力;引力5.邊境;國(guó)界;邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)6.交通工具;車輛7.巨大的;偉大的巨人;巨獸;偉人8.人類9.傳輸;發(fā)送10.資料;數(shù)據(jù)11.持續(xù)存在的;仍在進(jìn)行的;不斷發(fā)展的12.航天器;宇宙飛船13.太空行走;太空行走的時(shí)間14.玉;翡翠;玉器15.(兩架航天器)對(duì)接;(使)……進(jìn)港碼頭;船塢16.肌肉;實(shí)力;影響力17.太陽(yáng)的;太陽(yáng)能的18.足夠的;充足的19.肥皂20.毛巾;抹布21.微波爐22.紙巾;(人、動(dòng)植物細(xì)胞的)組織23.設(shè)施;設(shè)備24.熱衷的;渴望的25.地球;世界;地球儀26.致命的;災(zāi)難性的27.膚淺的;淺的28.模式;圖案;模范29.(對(duì)事物的)分析;分析結(jié)果30.高端的31.泡沫橡膠;泡沫32.枕頭33.智能手機(jī)34.氧;氧氣語(yǔ)法詞匯知變形語(yǔ)法詞匯知變形1.adj.精神的;思想的→adv.精神上

2.adj.有智慧的;聰明的;有智力的→adv.有智慧地→n.智力;智慧

3.n.宇宙;天地萬(wàn)物→adj.宇宙的→adv.普遍地

4.adj.有決心的;意志堅(jiān)定的→vt.查明;確定;決定

5.n.(政府的)專門機(jī)構(gòu);服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu);代理處→adj.代理的

6.adj.失望的;沮喪的→vt.(使)失望→n.失望

7.adj.獨(dú)立的;自立的→adv.獨(dú)立地;自立地→n.獨(dú)立;自主

8.vt.&vi.論證;爭(zhēng)辯;爭(zhēng)論→n.爭(zhēng)論;爭(zhēng)吵;論點(diǎn)

9.adj.定期的;經(jīng)常的;正常的→adv.經(jīng)常;定期地

10.n.神秘事物;謎→adj.神秘的

參考答案：1.mental;elligent;intelligently;intelligence3.universe;universal;universally4.determined;determine5.agency;agent6.disappointed;disappoint;disappointment7.independent;independently;independence8.argue;argument9.regular;regularly10.mystery;mysterious閱讀訓(xùn)練節(jié)節(jié)高閱讀訓(xùn)練節(jié)節(jié)高PassageAChristmaswasnearaseasonthatwetookseriouslyinourhouse.Butaweekorsobeforethe25th,myfatherwouldgiveeachofhischildren$20.Thiswasthe1970s,and$20wasquiteabitofmoney.ButIsawitdifferently.Myfathertrustedmetohavethesmarttospendmoneywisely.Evenbetter,hegavemethemeanstogetit.Onaverybasiclevel,myfatherwasgivingmeashoppingspree(狂歡)everyyear.Buthewasalsogivingmechargeovermyownfun,trustingmyabilitytomanagemoneyandmakingmefeellikeagrown-up.Hedidn’tbuymeSherlockHolmes,buthegavemethemeanstowalkintothebookstoreandchooseitformyself,soitfeltlikeagiftfromhim.MymotherhadagiftforgivingmewhatIneeded,usuallyrightatthemomentIneededitmost.ThiswaswhenIwas25,Ifailedatbeinganadultonmyveryfirsttry.Ihadquittedmypreviousjobbuthadnonewone.Butwhenmymotherpaidmeavisit,Iputonagoodshow,tellingherIhadstartedmyowncompany.MymotherknewthatIwastryinghardandfailingatthattime.Itwasn’tuntilaftersheleftthatInoticedatthefootofmybedanenvelopethickwithcash.SheknewhowdesperatelyIneededit.Sheknewthathadshejustshownupwithgroceries,orofferedtopaymyrent,shewouldhavemademefeelmuchworse.Thecold,hardcashmeantshewashelpingme.And,funnilyenough,thedistancewithwhichshegavethegiftfeltlikeshewasgivingmespacetofixmylifeandpreservemydignity.Mymotherandfatherbothdidthesamething.Onewasgivingmethemeanstotakemyowndecisions,andtheotherwasgivingmeasecondchancewhenthosedecisionshadcostmedearly.1．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．HisfamilyoncecelebratedChristmashappily.B．Hisfathergavetheauthorchancestomakedecisions.C．HisbestmemoriesaboutChristmaswereinthe1970s.D．Heusedtochoosebooksashisfather’sgiftonChristmas.2．Whenhewas25yearsold,theauthor.A．plannedtoopenhiscompany B．becameinterestedinshowsC．gavehismotheragift D．wasoutofwork3．Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor’smother?A．Sensitive. B．Optimistic. C．Considerate. D．Determined.4．Inwhichwaydoestheauthorbelievehisparentsdidthesamething?A．Supporthisdecisionswholeheartedly.B．Offertopayforhisbills.C．Trusthisabilitytospendmoney.D．Fixhislifebypayingthegroceries.參考答案：這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者的爸爸和媽媽以各自的方式關(guān)愛著他的生活，但就滿足他的生活必需品這點(diǎn)上，兩人的方式是一樣的。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butaweekorsobeforethe25th,myfatherwouldgiveeachofhischildren$20.（但是在25號(hào)前一周左右，爸爸會(huì)給他的每個(gè)孩子20美元）”以及第二段中“Hedidn’tbuymeSherlockHolmes,buthegavemethemeanstowalkintothebookstoreandchooseitformyself,soitfeltlikeagiftfromhim.（他不會(huì)給我買《福爾摩斯》這本書，但是他會(huì)告訴我去書店的路線，然后讓我自己去選擇，所以這就感覺(jué)像他給我的一份禮物）”可知，作者的爸爸會(huì)在圣誕節(jié)前給他錢，但是并不會(huì)給他把東西買回來(lái)，而是讓他自己去買，去選擇，也就是給他自己做決定的機(jī)會(huì)。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThiswaswhenIwas25,Ifailedatbeinganadultonmyveryfirsttry.Ihadquittedmypreviousjobbuthadnonewone.（在我25歲的時(shí)候，在我第一次成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)成年人的階段我失敗了。我放棄了之前的工作同時(shí)也沒(méi)有找到新的工作）”可知，作者在25歲的時(shí)候，失去了工作，處于失業(yè)狀態(tài)。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Itwasn’tuntilaftersheleftthatInoticedatthefootofmybedanenvelopethickwithcash.SheknewhowdesperatelyIneededit.Sheknewthathadshejustshownupwithgroceries,orofferedtopaymyrent,shewouldhavemademefeelmuchworse.（直到她離開，我才注意到放在我床腳處的一張裝滿現(xiàn)金的信封。她知道我是多么急需這筆錢。她也知道如果只是給我買好東西或者是幫我把房租付了，我會(huì)感到更難過(guò)的）”可知，作者的媽媽早已知道作者的困境，但是并沒(méi)有戳穿他，而是小心翼翼地維護(hù)著他的自尊，把裝滿現(xiàn)金的信封放在他的床腳處，由此可見，作者的媽媽是考慮周到的，體貼的。A項(xiàng)：敏感的；B項(xiàng)：樂(lè)觀的；C項(xiàng)：體貼的；D項(xiàng)：堅(jiān)決的。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Onewasgivingmethemeanstotakemyowndecisions,andtheotherwasgivingmeasecondchancewhenthosedecisionshadcostmedearly.（一個(gè)是給我方法和途徑去自己做決定，另一個(gè)是當(dāng)這些決定讓我損失慘重，會(huì)給我第二次機(jī)會(huì)）”可知，作者的爸爸是給錢讓他自己買禮物，作者的媽媽是直接給現(xiàn)金給他，讓他去支付生活開支，但倆人都是通過(guò)為他需要的生活必需品付費(fèi)來(lái)填充他的生活。故選D。PassageBThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglensesheusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”.Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes,Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplanttissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur’stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethislegacy.Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway:“Mywork,whichI’vedoneforalongtime,wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy,butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge,whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ihavethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformedthereof.”1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?A．Atrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiology.B．Acuriousamateurwhomadepioneerstudiesofmicrobes.C．Atalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordisease.D．Aboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscovery.2．Theunderlinedphrase“thislegacy”inparagraph3refersto_______.A．thediscoveryofmicrobes. B．Pasteur'stheoryofdisease.C．Leeuwenhoek'scontribution. D．theoriginofthetinyorganism.3．WhatdoesthequotefromLeeuwenhoek'slettersuggest?A．Headmittedthatmanyofhisdiscoverieshappenedbychance.B．Heconsideredhisworktobecentraltolatermedicalbreakthroughs.C．Hewasgreatlyconcernedwithimprovingpeople’slivingconditions.D．Hebelievedthesharingofknowledgewasakeytoscientificprogress4．Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingevents?a.Magnifyinglenseswerebuilt.b.The“theoryofdisease”wasputforward.c.Microbeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwaters.d.Leeuwenhoek'sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.e.Leeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.A．a(chǎn)-d-c-e-b. B．d-a-c-e-b. C．a(chǎn)-d-c-b-e. D．d-a-e-b-c.參考答案：這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了AntonivanLeeuwenhoek制作顯微鏡的過(guò)程以及Leeuwenhoek在觀察微生物方面取得的貢獻(xiàn)和他本人對(duì)自己貢獻(xiàn)的看法。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglensesheusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.(微生物學(xué)的歷史始于一位名叫AntonivanLeeuwenhoek的荷蘭制布師，他沒(méi)有受過(guò)正規(guī)的科學(xué)教育。17世紀(jì)晚期，Leeuwenhoek受他用來(lái)檢查布料的放大鏡的啟發(fā)，制造了第一批顯微鏡)”以及“Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”.(列文虎克從牙齒間取出一些菌斑，并用透鏡檢查后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了微小的扭曲生物，他稱之為“微生物”)”可知，Leeuwenhoek是一個(gè)好奇的業(yè)余愛好者，他對(duì)微生物進(jìn)行了開創(chuàng)性的研究。故選B。2．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur’stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.(近兩百年后，Leeuwenhoek對(duì)微生物的發(fā)現(xiàn)幫助法國(guó)化學(xué)家和生物學(xué)家LouisPasteur提出了他的“疾病理論”。這一概念認(rèn)為，疾病起源于微小的生物體攻擊和削弱身體。巴斯德的理論后來(lái)幫助醫(yī)生對(duì)抗了包括炭疽、白喉、小兒麻痹癥、天花、破傷風(fēng)和傷寒在內(nèi)的傳染病。所有這些突破都是Leeuwenhoek的原創(chuàng)性工作的結(jié)果)”以及下一段中“Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway(在1716年的一封信中，他這樣描述自己對(duì)科學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn))”可知，Leeuwenhoek的發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)后來(lái)的疾病理論取得了重要的突破，而他本人并沒(méi)有預(yù)見到他會(huì)有這些貢獻(xiàn)。即畫線詞指的是“Leeuwenhoek的貢獻(xiàn)”。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ihavethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformedthereof.(因此，每當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)任何值得注意的事情時(shí)，我都認(rèn)為我有責(zé)任把我的發(fā)現(xiàn)寫在紙上，以便讓科學(xué)界知道)”可推知，引用的Leeuwenhoek信中的話表明他相信分享知識(shí)是科學(xué)進(jìn)步的關(guān)鍵。故選D。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglensesheusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.(17世紀(jì)晚期，Leeuwenhoek受他用來(lái)檢查布料的放大鏡的啟發(fā)，制造了第一批顯微鏡。他發(fā)明了一種技術(shù)來(lái)提高微小圓角透鏡的質(zhì)量，其中一些可以將物體放大270倍)”可知，a“制造了放大鏡”排在第一，d“Leeuwenhoek的第一批顯微鏡被成功研制出來(lái)”排在第二，故排除B、D選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第二段中“Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.(他在池塘水、雨水和人類血液的樣本中發(fā)現(xiàn)了不同的微生物)”可知c“在水的樣本中發(fā)現(xiàn)了微生物”排在第三；根據(jù)最后一段中“Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway(在1716年的一封信中，他這樣描述了自己對(duì)科學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn))”可知，e“Leeuwenhoek解釋了他對(duì)自己的貢獻(xiàn)的看法”排第四；以及第三段中“Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.(近200年后，列文虎克對(duì)微生物的發(fā)現(xiàn)幫助法國(guó)化學(xué)家和生物學(xué)家巴斯德發(fā)展了他的“疾病理論”)”可知，b“提出了疾病理論”排第五?？芍?，事件的正確順序是a-d-c-e-b。故選A。PassageCPeoplewholovetospendtimeintheirkitchenknowthatafterhavingaroughdayithelpsthemtorelievestress.Cookingupafavoritemealhelpsyouforgetaboutanyoftheissuesyouwerefocusedonduringtheday.1．Spendingtimealoneinthekitchenafteralongdayatworkallowsyoutosimplyrechargeandenjoythesolitudeofyourkitchen.Cookingcanbeagreatwaytoputoffadailytask,andthosewholovetocookknowthisalltoowell.Puttingallyoureffortintomakinganelaboratemealoryourfavoritedessertisagreatwaytoavoidanythingthatyouhavebeendreading.2．Anyonewhoenjoyscookingknowsthatwhenyoushareacommoninterestlikecookingwithsomeonefromadifferentculture,youcaneasilyformabond.Theyseethisasanamazingopportunitytosharerecipesanddishesandlearnfromdifferentcookingtraditionsandcustoms.Eatingoutasacookallowsyoutotastesurprisingingredientsindishes.3．Unusualflavorsexciteyouanduniqueinterpretationsofdisheshaveyouaskingthewaiterexactlywhatwasaddedtomakethefoodsoflavorful.Thismightnotexciteyournon-cookfriendsandfamily,butforyou,it’sagreatwaytolearnandimprove.4．5．Asacook,youhavelearnedtoaddyourownpersonaltastestorecipesthroughextensivetrialanderror.Therearenolimitsforyouwhenitcome