高中英語構(gòu)詞法課件

英語快速記憶－構(gòu)詞法語言是隨著人類社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展而發(fā)展的。一些舊詞的過時(shí)意味著需要人們創(chuàng)造出一些新的詞，而新的詞的產(chǎn)生，大抵服從語法的法則，有其規(guī)律可循。語言的這種"棄舊創(chuàng)新"不斷完善和發(fā)展的過程體現(xiàn)出一種規(guī)律--構(gòu)詞法（word-formation）。英語快速記憶－構(gòu)詞法語言是隨著人類社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展而發(fā)展的。一1Classify:pathwayfreedomdarkestplaceunfairlockeverydayriversidenursedisagree合成詞(有兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞):轉(zhuǎn)化詞(將一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞性):派生詞(在詞根上加上前、后綴構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞):everydaypathwayriversideunfairdarkestdisagreefreedomlockplacenurseClassify:pathwayfreedom2構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）【前綴/后綴】轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）【詞性轉(zhuǎn)換】{構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Der3合成詞Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛藥合成詞Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛藥4＋＝color-blind色盲＋＝color-blind色盲5＋＝sleep-walk夢(mèng)游sleep-walker＋＝sleep-walk夢(mèng)游sleep-walker61.合成名詞(1)n+nairconditionerbloodpressureincometaxcreditcard

(2)adj+n

centralbank

fastfood空調(diào)

血壓所得稅

信用卡中央銀行快餐1.合成名詞7solarsystemremotecontrol(3)v-ing+另一詞washingmachinedrivinglicense(4)其他方式

by-producteditor-in-chief太陽系遙控洗衣機(jī)駕駛執(zhí)照副產(chǎn)品主編solarsystem太陽系82.合成形容詞

(1)過去分詞或帶ed詞尾的詞構(gòu)成。absent-mindedgrey-haired(2)動(dòng)詞的ing或另一詞構(gòu)成long-sufferingfar-reaching心不在焉的頭發(fā)灰白的長(zhǎng)期受苦的深遠(yuǎn)的(影響)2.合成形容詞心不在焉的93.合成動(dòng)詞及合成副詞overeatbaby-sitempty-handed

吃得太多看孩子

一無所獲的3.合成動(dòng)詞及合成副詞10加前綴：happy---

___happy

加后綴：

develop---

develop_______既加前綴又加后綴：employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生詞（derivation）

加前綴：unmentunment派生詞（derivation111.表示否定意義的前綴dis-

dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,

incapable,inability,illegal,impossible,immoral,irregularmis-misunderstandmisleadnon-nonsensenonstopun-unable,unemploymentanti-,ant-

antiknock(防震),antiforeigner,(排外的)由一個(gè)詞根加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞。1.表示否定意義的前綴dis-dishonest122.表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴

1)

a-表示“在……之上”，“向……”

aboard,aside,2)

by-表示“附近，鄰近，邊側(cè)”

bypath,bypass(彎路)3)

inter-,intel-,表示“在……間，相互”international,interaction,internet

mid-,表示“中，中間”

midnight,mid-autumn2.表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴1)

a-表示135)

out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline,outside,outward6)

over-,

表示“在上面，在外部，向上”

overlook,overhead(在頭頂,在高處),overboard7)

extra-,表示“額外”

extraction（提?。?)

fore-表示“在前面”

forehead,foretell9)

in-,im-,表示“向內(nèi)，在內(nèi)，背于”

inland,invade,inside,import2.表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴

5)out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”2.14

under-,表示“在…..下面，下的”

underline,underground,underwater

11)

up-,表示“向上，向上面，在上”

upward,uphold,uphill(上坡)1．re--“又\,再”repeat,review,return,reunite,remarry

2.co—“聯(lián)合，伴同”cooperate,coexist,co-worker

3.

super—“在…上；加之”superman,supermarket

4.tele 遠(yuǎn)程 telephone,telegraph,telescope

5.de-向相反方向發(fā)展decentralize（分散）,defrost（解凍）

6.trans-過，穿過，變transformation(變形),translate

7.vice-副 vice-premier,vice-president3.表示其他意義的前綴:under-,表示“在…..下面，下的”157.vice-副 vice-premier,vice-president

8.semi-半 semifinal,semicircle,semi-automatic

9.bi 兩個(gè) bicycle,biennial兩年一次的10.

tri三個(gè)triangle三角形,tricycle三輪腳踏車,triplets三胞胎11.mul-多，多種multiply(使增加),multi-national,multi-coloured12.kilo-千 kilometre,kilogramme7.vice-副 vice-premier,v16后綴

例詞名詞-ability-age-al-an-cy-er-or-ese-ee-eer-ery-ess

inability,responsibilityleakage(托管人,保管人),shortagerenewal,withdrawalAmerican,Koreanprivacy,accuracyfarmer,thinker,painkilleractor,sailor,collectorChinese,Japanese,Portugueseemployee,trustee,intervieweeengineer,profiteer(獲暴利的人,奸商)machinery,jewelleryactress,waitress后綴例詞-abilityinabi17后綴

例詞名詞-ful-ian-ist-ism-ment-ness-ship-tion-ure

armful,handful,mouthfulEgyptian,Russian,Asian,musicianartist,pianist,communist,scientistsocialism,realism,idealismgovernment,movement,developmentbusiness,illness,darknessfriendship,ownershipinvention,liberation,educationdeparture,failure,exposure后綴例詞-fularmful,h18后綴

例詞形容詞-able-al-an-ern-est-ful-ish-ive-y-less-some

advisable,admirable,comfortablephysical,national,politicalAmerican,Italian,Australiansouthern,northern,easternfattest,latest,luckiesthelpful,useful,carefulBritish,English,foolish,childishactive,instructive,expensivecloudy,windy,dirty,sunnycareless,uselesstroublesome,tiresome后綴例詞-ableadvisab19后綴

例詞動(dòng)詞-(e)n-fy-ize-ate

widen,strengthen,lengthensimplify,beautifyapologize,organize,realizeactivate,motivate(激發(fā),刺激)后綴例詞-(e)nwiden,s20后綴

例詞副詞-ly-down-ward(s)

really,badly,perfectly,trulyface-down,palm-down(手掌向下地)towards,forward,outward后綴

例詞數(shù)詞-teen-ty-th

fourteen,fifteen,eighteenforty,fifty,eightyfourth,fifth,eighth后綴例詞副-lyreally,b21常見的后綴1).名詞后綴：-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ion請(qǐng)將以下單詞和上列相應(yīng)的后綴相連，組成新詞：work,educate,develop,visit,satisfy,teach,sail,able,piano,art,child,act,brother,solute,conclude,move,possible常見的后綴1).名詞后綴：請(qǐng)將以下單詞和上列相應(yīng)的后綴相22-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionteacher,workervisitor,sailoreducation,satisfactiondevelopment,movementability,possibilitypianist,artistchildhood,brotherhoodaction,solution,conclusion如：-erteacher,worker如：23轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.嘗起來{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.record

n.記錄v.記錄{LiuXiangBrokethe100mHurdlesWorldRecord.Heliestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.嘗起來24correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反義獨(dú)立的詞根adj.殘疾的n.不可能的n.反義n.誤解詞根大學(xué)生詞根n.近義反義WordsBuildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectinde25correctn.反義獨(dú)立的詞根adj.殘疾的n.不可能的n.反義n.誤解詞根大學(xué)生詞根n.近義反義WordsBuildingcorrectn.反義獨(dú)立的詞根adj.殘疾的n.不可能的n26correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable

disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakeunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育表達(dá)O獨(dú)立的rootadj殘疾的n不可能的OnSSn誤解root大學(xué)生rootn地下的地下通道地鐵副標(biāo)題總是misunderstandcorrectcorrectionincorrectinde27

縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫:縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫(也被稱為截?cái)喾ɑ蚩s短法)主要采取:“截頭”,“去尾”或者“既截頭又去尾”的方法生成新詞.telephone---phoneairplane—planelaboratory-labmathematics--mathadvertisement—adexamination--exam縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫:telephone---phone28另外還有許多縮寫詞是由各個(gè)單詞的首字母組成.CD(compactdisk)CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision)NBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)UN(UnitedNations)ID(identification)USA(UnitedStatesofAmerica)另外還有許多縮寫詞是由各個(gè)單詞的首字母組成.291.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany__________.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions

構(gòu)詞法精練Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.1.Hewasoneofthebest____305.Moreandmore_________havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant___________reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)7.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill________mytask.(simple)8.Theboyhadthe___________ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)9.Thepolicehave__________aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)10.ThedoctorsaidthatMary’smotherneededan_________.(operate)

foreigners

satisfactorysimplifyappearanceuncoveredoperation5.Moreandmore_________hav3111.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_________.(music)12.Few________wordsmadeusexcited.(speak)13.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan________water.(boil)14.Thankyouforyour_________.(kind)15.Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemoneyfortheircollege_________.(expensive)16.Mostinternational_________lettersarewritteninEnglish,too.(busy)musicianspoken

boilingkindness

expenses

business11.Shehopedthathersonwou3217.Theboynoticedan___________mistakeonhispaper,buthedecidednottosayanythingaboutit.(correct)18.WheninRome,doasthe________do.(Rome)19.Theteacherwaspleasedwithher_______.(honest)20.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_______.(noise)

uncorrectedRomanshonestynoisily17.Theboynoticedan_______33附：類比構(gòu)詞（Word-FormationbyAnalogy）類比構(gòu)詞是英語中一種有趣而又實(shí)用的構(gòu)詞方式。構(gòu)詞特點(diǎn)是，以某個(gè)同類詞為模式，在語義上進(jìn)行聯(lián)想類比，替換其中某個(gè)詞素，構(gòu)造出與之對(duì)應(yīng)或類似的新詞來。例如：work-aholic（工作迷）系仿alcoholic（嗜酒者）而造seajack（海上劫持）和skyjack（空中劫持）則是類比hijack（攔路搶劫）hijacker（強(qiáng)盜）而成，故都屬類比詞。附：類比構(gòu)詞（Word-FormationbyAnalo34英語快速記憶－構(gòu)詞法語言是隨著人類社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展而發(fā)展的。一些舊詞的過時(shí)意味著需要人們創(chuàng)造出一些新的詞，而新的詞的產(chǎn)生，大抵服從語法的法則，有其規(guī)律可循。語言的這種"棄舊創(chuàng)新"不斷完善和發(fā)展的過程體現(xiàn)出一種規(guī)律--構(gòu)詞法（word-formation）。英語快速記憶－構(gòu)詞法語言是隨著人類社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展而發(fā)展的。一35Classify:pathwayfreedomdarkestplaceunfairlockeverydayriversidenursedisagree合成詞(有兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞):轉(zhuǎn)化詞(將一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞性):派生詞(在詞根上加上前、后綴構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞):everydaypathwayriversideunfairdarkestdisagreefreedomlockplacenurseClassify:pathwayfreedom36構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）【前綴/后綴】轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）【詞性轉(zhuǎn)換】{構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Der37合成詞Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛藥合成詞Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛藥38＋＝color-blind色盲＋＝color-blind色盲39＋＝sleep-walk夢(mèng)游sleep-walker＋＝sleep-walk夢(mèng)游sleep-walker401.合成名詞(1)n+nairconditionerbloodpressureincometaxcreditcard

(2)adj+n

centralbank

fastfood空調(diào)

血壓所得稅

信用卡中央銀行快餐1.合成名詞41solarsystemremotecontrol(3)v-ing+另一詞washingmachinedrivinglicense(4)其他方式

by-producteditor-in-chief太陽系遙控洗衣機(jī)駕駛執(zhí)照副產(chǎn)品主編solarsystem太陽系422.合成形容詞

(1)過去分詞或帶ed詞尾的詞構(gòu)成。absent-mindedgrey-haired(2)動(dòng)詞的ing或另一詞構(gòu)成long-sufferingfar-reaching心不在焉的頭發(fā)灰白的長(zhǎng)期受苦的深遠(yuǎn)的(影響)2.合成形容詞心不在焉的433.合成動(dòng)詞及合成副詞overeatbaby-sitempty-handed

吃得太多看孩子

一無所獲的3.合成動(dòng)詞及合成副詞44加前綴：happy---

___happy

加后綴：

develop---

develop_______既加前綴又加后綴：employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生詞（derivation）

加前綴：unmentunment派生詞（derivation451.表示否定意義的前綴dis-

dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,

incapable,inability,illegal,impossible,immoral,irregularmis-misunderstandmisleadnon-nonsensenonstopun-unable,unemploymentanti-,ant-

antiknock(防震),antiforeigner,(排外的)由一個(gè)詞根加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞。1.表示否定意義的前綴dis-dishonest462.表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴

1)

a-表示“在……之上”，“向……”

aboard,aside,2)

by-表示“附近，鄰近，邊側(cè)”

bypath,bypass(彎路)3)

inter-,intel-,表示“在……間，相互”international,interaction,internet

mid-,表示“中，中間”

midnight,mid-autumn2.表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴1)

a-表示475)

out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline,outside,outward6)

over-,

表示“在上面，在外部，向上”

overlook,overhead(在頭頂,在高處),overboard7)

extra-,表示“額外”

extraction（提?。?)

fore-表示“在前面”

forehead,foretell9)

in-,im-,表示“向內(nèi)，在內(nèi)，背于”

inland,invade,inside,import2.表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴

5)out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”2.48

under-,表示“在…..下面，下的”

underline,underground,underwater

11)

up-,表示“向上，向上面，在上”

upward,uphold,uphill(上坡)1．re--“又\,再”repeat,review,return,reunite,remarry

2.co—“聯(lián)合，伴同”cooperate,coexist,co-worker

3.

super—“在…上；加之”superman,supermarket

4.tele 遠(yuǎn)程 telephone,telegraph,telescope

5.de-向相反方向發(fā)展decentralize（分散）,defrost（解凍）

6.trans-過，穿過，變transformation(變形),translate

7.vice-副 vice-premier,vice-president3.表示其他意義的前綴:under-,表示“在…..下面，下的”497.vice-副 vice-premier,vice-president

8.semi-半 semifinal,semicircle,semi-automatic

9.bi 兩個(gè) bicycle,biennial兩年一次的10.

tri三個(gè)triangle三角形,tricycle三輪腳踏車,triplets三胞胎11.mul-多，多種multiply(使增加),multi-national,multi-coloured12.kilo-千 kilometre,kilogramme7.vice-副 vice-premier,v50后綴

例詞名詞-ability-age-al-an-cy-er-or-ese-ee-eer-ery-ess

inability,responsibilityleakage(托管人,保管人),shortagerenewal,withdrawalAmerican,Koreanprivacy,accuracyfarmer,thinker,painkilleractor,sailor,collectorChinese,Japanese,Portugueseemployee,trustee,intervieweeengineer,profiteer(獲暴利的人,奸商)machinery,jewelleryactress,waitress后綴例詞-abilityinabi51后綴

例詞名詞-ful-ian-ist-ism-ment-ness-ship-tion-ure

armful,handful,mouthfulEgyptian,Russian,Asian,musicianartist,pianist,communist,scientistsocialism,realism,idealismgovernment,movement,developmentbusiness,illness,darknessfriendship,ownershipinvention,liberation,educationdeparture,failure,exposure后綴例詞-fularmful,h52后綴

例詞形容詞-able-al-an-ern-est-ful-ish-ive-y-less-some

advisable,admirable,comfortablephysical,national,politicalAmerican,Italian,Australiansouthern,northern,easternfattest,latest,luckiesthelpful,useful,carefulBritish,English,foolish,childishactive,instructive,expensivecloudy,windy,dirty,sunnycareless,uselesstroublesome,tiresome后綴例詞-ableadvisab53后綴

例詞動(dòng)詞-(e)n-fy-ize-ate

widen,strengthen,lengthensimplify,beautifyapologize,organize,realizeactivate,motivate(激發(fā),刺激)后綴例詞-(e)nwiden,s54后綴

例詞副詞-ly-down-ward(s)

really,badly,perfectly,trulyface-down,palm-down(手掌向下地)towards,forward,outward后綴

例詞數(shù)詞-teen-ty-th

fourteen,fifteen,eighteenforty,fifty,eightyfourth,fifth,eighth后綴例詞副-lyreally,b55常見的后綴1).名詞后綴：-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ion請(qǐng)將以下單詞和上列相應(yīng)的后綴相連，組成新詞：work,educate,develop,visit,satisfy,teach,sail,able,piano,art,child,act,brother,solute,conclude,move,possible常見的后綴1).名詞后綴：請(qǐng)將以下單詞和上列相應(yīng)的后綴相56-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionteacher,workervisitor,sailoreducation,satisfactiondevelopment,movementability,possibilitypianist,artistchildhood,brotherhoodaction,solution,conclusion如：-erteacher,worker如：57轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.嘗起來{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.record

n.記錄v.記錄{LiuXiangBrokethe100mHurdlesWorldRecord.Heliestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.嘗起來58correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反義獨(dú)立的詞根adj.殘疾的n.不可能的n.反義n.誤解詞根大學(xué)生詞根n.近義反義WordsBuildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectinde59correctn.反義獨(dú)立的詞根adj.殘疾的n.不可能的n.反義n.誤解詞根大學(xué)生詞根n.近義反義WordsBuildingcorrectn.反義獨(dú)立的詞根adj.殘疾的n.不可能的n60correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable

disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakeunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育表達(dá)O獨(dú)立的rootadj殘疾的n不可能的OnSSn誤解root大學(xué)生rootn地下的地下通道地鐵副標(biāo)題總是misunderstandcorrectcorrectionincorrectinde61

縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫:縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫(也被稱為截?cái)喾ɑ蚩s短法)主要采取:“截頭”,“去尾”或者“既截頭又去尾”的方法生成新詞.telephone---phoneairplane—planelaboratory-labmathematics--mathadvertisement—adexamination--exam縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫:telephone---phone62另外還有許多縮寫詞是由各個(gè)單詞的首字母組成.CD(compactdisk)CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision)NBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)UN(UnitedNations)ID(identification)USA(UnitedStatesofAmerica)另外還有許多縮寫詞是由各個(gè)單詞的首字母組成.631.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecovered