管理學(xué)原理習(xí)題

歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭g迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭?！感謝閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭「兄x閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭?！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭?！感謝閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭?！ChapterOne:ManagersandManagementMultipleChoiceQuestions1. Whenweclassifymanagersaccordingbytheirlevelintheorganizationtheyaredescribedas_______.functional,staffandlinemanagerstopmanagers,middlemanagersandsupervisorshighlevelandlowerlevelmanagersgeneralmanagersandadministrativemanagers2. Conceptualskillsrelatetoamanager’sabilityto a. takeastrategicviewofhowthepartsoftheorganizationfunction. b. solvedetailedproblemsingroups. c. correctlyevaluateorganizationalproblems. d. understandandinteracteffectivelywithothersintheorganization.3. Theabilitytobuildnetworksandpowerbasesthatincreaseone’spowerintheorganizationisreferredtoas_____.influenceskillpoliticalskillcontrollingstrategicskill4. Amanagerissomeonewho a. actuallyperformstheserviceorproducestheproduct. b. worksanonymouslybehindthescenes. c. setsthegoalsoftheorganization. d. supervisestheworkofothers.5. Whichofthefollowingskillsismostimportantfortopmanagers(CEO’s)? a. Interpersonal b. Technical c. Functional d. Conceptual6. Amanagerwhohasareputationforbeingopenandhonestandunderstandshowtomotivateemployeesandcustomersissaidtohavegood________skills. a. sales b. political c. Interpersonal d. technical7. Annie’sPiesproducescakesandpiesthatcomein207differentflavorsthatareshippedacrosstheUSA.Eachweek,3or4newflavorsareadded.Annie’sproduceshighqualitycakesandpiesusingthebestingredients,itwasteslittle,andfewemployeesworkovertimebecausethebusinessoperates a. effectively. b. reliably. c. efficiently. d. flexibly.8. Doingajobinawaythatachievesresultswithoutwastinganyresourcesisreferredtoasbeing______. a. effective. b. efficientconservativeBothaandb.9. Theimportanceofmanagerialrolesvariesdependingonthe_____.manager’ssalarymanager’sacceptancebytheemployeessizeoftheorganizationlengthoftimethemanagerhasworkedintheorganization10. AccordingtoMintzberg,whichmanagementcategoryincludestherolesoffigurehead,leader,andliaison? a. interpersonal b. informational c. decisional d. planning11. Whichofthefollowingrolesiscategorizedasadecisionalrole? a. Monitor b. Disseminator c. Resourceallocator d. Leader12. Anorganizationmustcontainallexceptwhichofthefollowingcharacteristics? a. purpose b. people c. structure d. product13. Anorganizationiscommonlyconsidereda a. systematicarrangementofpeopletosellgoodsorservices. b. structuralgroupingofpeopletoaccomplishasetofobjectives. c. structuralgroupingofmanagersandsubordinateswhoareattemptingtoincreaseprofits. d. systematicgroupingofpeopletoestablishprocedures,rules,andregulations.14. OperativescanBESTbedescribedas a. Thosewhoactuallydothetasksofanorganization. b. Thosewhoworkanonymouslybehindthescenes. c. Manuallaborers. d. Thosewhosuperviseothers.15. Themanagerswhoworkmostcloselywiththeoperativesareknownas a. topmanagement. b. middlemanagement. c. first-linemanagers. d. operativemanagers.16. Thelevelofmanagementthattranslatesthegoalsoftheorganizationintospecificplansthatlower-levelmanagerscanperformisknownas a. topmanagement. b. middlemanagement. c. first-linemanagers. d. operativemanagers.17. _____areresponsibleformakingdecisionsaboutthedirectionoftheorganizationandestablishingpoliciesthataffectallorganizationalmembers. a. Operatives b. Topmanagers c. Middlemanagers d. First-linesupervisors18. Performingthetaskrightandconsideringtherelationshipbetweeninputsandoutputsis a. effectiveness. b. goalattainment. c. efficiency. d. amanagementcharacteristic.19. Ifyougetmoreoutputforagiveninput,youhave a. decreasedeffectiveness. b. increasedeffectiveness. c. decreasedefficiency. d. increasedefficiency.20. Inanorganization,_____translate(s)intogoalattainment. a. effectiveness b. efficiency c. resourceminimization d. managerialfunctions21. Ifacollegecutsthecostofaneducationbyusingmostlypart-timefacultyandatthesametimefailstoadequatelyeducateitsstudents,itcanbesaidtobedoingthewrongthingswell.Inotherwords,thecollegeis a. efficientandeffective. b. efficientbutnoteffective. c. effectivebutnotefficient. d. neitherefficientnoreffective.22. Tim'sTireShopisconcernedonlywithusingtheleastamountoflaborpossibleasitrepairs/replacesthetiresofitscustomers.Itsprimarygoalis a. effectiveness. b. goalattainment. c. efficiency. d. managementcharacteristics.23. Allofthefollowingareincludedinthefourcomponentsofthemanagementprocessexcept a. planning. b. organizing. c. leading. d. delegating.24. Mintzberggroupedthetenmanagerialrolesintothreeprimaryheadings.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneoftheseheadings? a. interpersonalrelationships b. transferofinformation c. planning d. decisionmaking25. Asmanagersmoveuptheorganization,theydolessleadingcontrollingplanningorganizing26. Whichofthefollowingrolesismostimportantformanagersinsmallfirms? a. disseminator b. leader c. spokesperson d. figurehead27. Katzdevelopedfourcriticalskillsthatmanagersmustpossess.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthosefourskills? a. conceptual b. interpersonal c. technical d. connection28. Angeloiswellknownforhisskillsinusingtheadvancedprogrammingsoftwareoftheengineeringfield.Infact,itwashisspecializedknowledgethatledtohispromotionasmanager.WhichmanagerialskillisAngelodemonstrating? a. conceptual b. interpersonal c. technical d. political29. Nancy’sstrengthasamanagerliesinherabilitytoworkwithpeople.Sheisabletoworkwith,motivate,andleadotherseasily.Nancyisdemonstratingwhichmanagerialskill? a. conceptual b. interpersonal c. technical d. political30. Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutoperatives? a. Theyhavenoresponsibilityforoverseeingtheworkofothers. b. Theyworkdirectlyonajobortask. c. Theyhavenomorethanfouremployeeswhoreportdirectlytothem. d. Apersononanassemblylinecouldbedescribedasanoperative.31. Themanagerialconceptthatfocusesontaskcompletionis a. efficiency. b. oflittleconcernforfirst-linemanagers. c. mostlythejoboftopmanagers. d. effectiveness.32. Whichoneofthefollowingbestdemonstratestheconceptofefficientmanagement? a. Gettingactivitiescompleted. b. Maximizingoutput. c. Maintainingoutputwithfewerresources. d. Increasingoutputandinput.33. Whenamanagerfailstocompletethedepartment'stasksbuthasusedtheresourcessparinglyandwisely,theresultsaresaidtobe a. efficientandeffective. b. efficientandineffective. c. inefficientandeffective. d. inefficientandineffective.34. Theplanningfunctionofmanagementincludes a. directingtheactivitiesofothers. b. monitoringanorganization'sperformance. c. comparingactualresultswithplans. d. establishinganorganization'sgoals.35. Theorganizingfunctionofmanagementincludes a. howtasksaretobegrouped. b. conflictresolutionamongsubordinates. c. comparisonofactualresultswithabudget. d. definitionofanorganization'sgoals.36. Theactivitiesofmotivatingemployees,directingothers,selectingthemosteffectivecommunicationchannels,andresolvingconflictsrefertowhichmanagementfunction? a. planning. b. organizing. c. leading. d. controlling.37. Whenafamousspeaker,SuchasthePresidentoftheUnitedStates,addressesacollegegraduatingclass,heorsheisexhibitingMintzberg'sroleof a. liaison. b. disturbancehandler. c. disseminator. d. figurehead.38. ConcerningMintzberg'smanagerialroles,whichofthefollowingstatementsisMOSTaccurate? a. Managersperformessentiallydifferentrolesindifferenttypesoforganizations. b. Managersperformessentiallydifferentrolesatdifferentlevelsofanorganization. c. Theemphasismanagersgivethevariousrolesdifferswithvariousorganizationallevels. d. Rolesoffigurehead,disseminator,andliaisonseemtobemostappropriateforfirst-linemanagers.39. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisLEASTcorrect? a. Regardlessoftheorganizationallevel,managersperformessentiallythesamefunctions. b. Mostmanagerialfunctionsarethesamethroughouttheworld. c. Smallorlargeorganizationsperformessentiallythesamefunctions. d. Theentrepreneurialroleismoreprevalentinsmallorganizationsthaninlargeones.40. ManagementisBESTdescribedastheprocessof a. personallycompletingtasksinanefficientmanner. b. efficientlycompletingtaskswiththehelpofothers. c. usingscarceresourcestominimizeoutput. d. organizingactivitiesoveralongperiodoftime.ChapterThree:FoundationsofPlanningMultipleChoiceQuestions1. Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedinthedefinitionofplanning? a. Definetheorganization’sobjectivesorgoals. b. Establishanoverallstrategyforachievingtheseobjectivesorgoals. c. Allocateresourcesanddevelopachainofcommunication. d. Developahierarchyofplanstointegrateandcoordinateactivities.2. Whichofthefollowingisanargumentagainstformalplanning? a. Planningfocusesonthefuture. b. Planningmaycreaterigidity. c. Planningreplacescreativity. d. Planningignorespriorsuccesses.3. Whichoffollowingisnotoneofthereasonswhymanagersshouldengageinplanningasthatwasstatedinthetext? a.Planningreducescost. b.Planningminimizeswasteandredundancy. c.Planningprovidesdirection. d.Planningfacilitatescontrol.4. Plansthatdeterminespecificdetailsaboutorganizationalobjectivesthataretobeachievedarecalleda.strategicplans.b.tacticalplans.c.long-termplans.d.detailedplans.5. Successfulplansmayprovide a. afalsesenseofsecurity. b. onlysuccess. c. increasedawarenessoftheenvironment. d. increasedawarenessofchange.6. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisMOSTaccurate? a. Manystudiesconfirmthepositiverelationshipbetweenplanningandperformance. b. Allorganizationsthatplanextensivelyoutperformthosethatplanlessformally. c. Allorganizationsthatplanoutperformthosethatdonot. d. Manystudiesconfirmthatplanningdoesnotleadtogreaterperformancebecauselaborunionsareweak.7. _____plansaredifferentiatedbytheirbreadth. a. Directionalandspecific b. Singleuseandstanding c. Strategicandtactical d. Long-termandshort-term8. Whichofthefollowingisnotapopularwaytodescribeplans? a. breadth b. timeframe c. specificity d. length9. Tacticalandstrategicplansdifferinallofthefollowingwaysexcept a. timeframe. b. scope. c. knownsetoforganizationalobjectives. d. environmentaleffects.10. Thegreatertheuncertainty,themoreplansshouldbeofthe_____variety. a. long-term b. short-term c. intermediateinlength d. rigid11. Whenuncertaintyishighandmanagementmustmaintainflexibility,whichofthefollowingtypesofplansarepreferable? a. long-termplans b. noplans c. directionalplans d. specificplans12. Whichtypeofplanisusedtomeetaparticularoruniquesituation? a. tacticalplan b. operationalplan c. single-useplan d. standingplan13. Whichofthefollowingisnotastepinobjectivesetting? a. Specifydeadlines. b. Allowtheemployeetoactivelyparticipate. c. Linkrewardstoeffort. d. Prioritizegoals.14. EachMBOobjectivemusthave a. apercentagechangespecified. b. aconcisetimeperiod. c. areferencetoquality. d. aspecifieddollaramount.15. MBOadvocatesparticipativegoalsetting.Researchcomparingparticipativesetandassignedgoalsonperformance a. showsconsistentlyhigherperformancewithparticipativelysetgoals. b. showsconsistentlylowerperformancewithparticipativelysetgoals. c. hasnotshownanystrongorconsistentrelationships. d. hasbeenbiasedbytheresearchers.16. WhichofthefollowingisnotaningredientinMBOprograms? a. goalspecificity b. participativedecisionmaking c. performancefeedback d. generaltimeperiod17. AccordingtothephilosophyofMBO, a. Feedbackoccursattheannualperformancereview b. Goalsfollowatop-downapproach c. Goalstypicallyarebroad,generalstatementsofintent d. Constantfeedbackisprovided18. MBOassistsinanswering"What'sinitformeasanemployee"by a. Linkingrewardstogoalattainment b. Identifyingemployees'keyjobtasks c. Allowingemployeestoparticipateactively d. Prioritizinggoals19. Managerscanovercomethecriticismsofmanagementbyobjectivesby a. ensuringthatemployeeshavemultiplegoals. b. treatingMBOasasingle-eventactivity. c. punishingemployeeswhofailtoachievegoals. d. rewardingemployeesforsettingeasygoals.20. WhichofthefollowingisnotacomponentoftheMBOprocess? a.Objectivesaredeterminedjointlybysubordinatesandsupervisor b.Progresstowardsobjectivesisreviewedeverythreemonths. c.Employeesaregivenratingsbasedonreachingspecifictargets d.Rewardsarebasedonprogresstowardsachievingobjectives.21. Whichofthefollowingisanine-stepprocessthatinvolvesstrategicplanning,implementation,andevaluation? a. decision-makingprocess b. strategicmanagementprocess c. tacticalmanagementprocess d. long-rangeplanningprocess22. InenvironmentalSWOTanalysis,theexternalorganizationalpositionisanalyzedaccordingtoitsaseqNL_1_\r0\h.strengthsandweaknesses.bseqNL_1_\r0\h.opportunitiesandweaknesses.cseqNL_1_\r0\h.strengthsandthreats.dseqNL_1_\r0\h.opportunitiesandthreats.23. ThestartingpointinstrategicmanagementprocessisusuallyaseqNL_1_\r0\h.analyzingcurrentmission,strategiesandobjectives.bseqNL_1_\r0\h.identifyingopportunitiesandthreats.cseqNL_1_\r0\h.conductinganenvironmentalscan.dseqNL_1_\r0\h.identifyingopportunitiesandweaknesses.24. Afteranalyzingandlearningabouttheenvironment,managementneedstoevaluateopportunitiesandthreats.Opportunitiesare a. internalresources. b. unmetneeds. c. positiveexternalenvironmentalfactors. d. internalcompetitivestrategies.25. WhichofthefollowingisNOTagrandstrategythatanorganizationcanusefordefiningitsall-encompassingfocus? a. Stabilitystrategy b. Marketgainstrategy c. Growthstrategy d. Combinationstrategy26. Tim'sCompanyisanalyzingthetechnologythatallowsittoproducewirelesscommunicationequipmentforlessmoney.ThistechnologicalbreakthroughforTim'sCompanyiswhichofthefollowing? a. strength b. weakness c. opportunity d. threat27. SWOTanalysis a. Matchestheorganization'scompetencieswithitsenvironmentalforces b. Sometimesinvolvesindustrialespionagetactics c. Occursduringthemissionstatementformulation d. Ismostusefulforhelpinganorganizationsustainitscompetitive28. Thetypeoforganizationalstrategythatemphasizedincreasingmarketshareorthelevelofanorganization'soperationsiscalled a. StabilityStrategy b. Combinationstrategy c. Marketgainstrategy d. Noneoftheabove29. WhenNorthwestAirlinesbeganservingitsownin-flightmeals,whichofthefollowingstrategieswasitpursuing? a. growth b. stability c. retrenchment d. combination30. Larry'sCompanyisintheprocessofbuyingasmallercompetitorandincorporatingthatcompany'sresourcesintohisbusiness.Thisisanexampleofwhichofthefollowingtypesofstrategies? a. merger b. stability c. retrenchment d. acquisition31. Strategyformulationinvolves__________. aseqNL_1_\r0\h. developingandevaluatingasetofalternativestrategies bseqNL_1_\r0\h. evaluatingasetofalternativestrategiesandselectingthebestforeachlevel cseqNL_1_\r0\h. selectingastrategythatwillincreasethelevelofoperations dseqNL_1_\r0\h. completingaSWOTanalysisseqNL_1_\r0\h32. Susan'sCeramicsisexpandingthesizeofitsunfinishedproductswhiledecreasingtheamountoffiringandfinishingofproductsitdoes.Thisisknownaswhichofthefollowingstrategies? a. growth b. stability c. retrenchment d. combination33. Acompanystatesthatitsproductisreliable,eventotheextentofneverneedingaservicecall,suchasMaytag,ispracticingwhichofthefollowingcompetitivestrategies? a. cost-leadershipstrategy b. differentiationstrategy c. focusstrategy d. retrenchmentstrategy34. Lila'sLusciousLipsproducesacherryflavoredlipstickandistargetingthe"teen"girlwhoisbetween12and14yearsold.Thestrategypursuedis a. costleadership. b differentiation. c. focus. d. segmentation.35. Thepremisebehind_____istodesigninqualityastheproductisbeingmade. a. sixsigma b. TQM c. reengineering d. benchmarking36. Alargediscountstore,likeWal-Mart,whoseprimarygoalistohavethelowestpricesintheindustry,isusingwhichofthefollowingstrategiestomaintainacompetitiveadvantage? a. cost-leadershipstrategy b. differentiationstrategy c. focusstrategy d. retrenchmentstrategy37. AccordingtoMichaelPorter,thegoalofthefocusstrategyisto a. exploitanarrowsegmentofthemarket. b. seekcompetitiveadvantagesinlargemarketsegments. c. usetechnologicalinnovationtotargetcustomersmoreaccurately. d. bringsuppliersanddistributorstogetherandcombineefforts.38. WhodeterminesemployeegoalsinMBO? a. employees b. managers c. managersandemployees d. managersandtheCEO39. Thebasicideain_____isthatmanagementcanimprovequalitybyanalyzingandcopyingthemethodsoftheleadersinthefield. a. reengineering b. benchmarking c. TQM d. sixsigma40. Whichofthefollowingisnotacompetitivestrategythatabusinessmayuseinordertogainadistinctadvantage,accordingtoMichaelPorter a. retrenchment b. cost-leadership c. focus d. differentiationChapterFour:FoundationsofDecisionMakingMultipleChoiceQuestions1. __________isnotoneoftheeightstepsinthedecisionmakingprocess. a. Identifyingtheproblem b. Analyzingalternativesolutions c. Implementingthedecision d. Delegatingthedecisionmaking2. Whichofthefollowingsequencesiscorrectforthedecision-makingProcess? a. Identifydecisioncriteria,analyzealternatives,allocateweightstocriteria b. Analyzealternatives,selectanalternative,implementthealternative c. Selectanalternative,evaluatedecisioneffectiveness,weightthecriteria d. Analyzealternatives,developalternatives,allocateweightstocriteria3. Onceaproblemisformulated,thenextstepisto a. Selectanalternative b. ListallpossibleSolutions c. Observeadiscrepancy d. Decidewhatiscriticalinthedecision4. Whenamanagerwhoiscontemplatingallthefeaturesanewpurchaseshouldhaveprioritizesthemostimportant,heorsheispracticing a. selectionofcriteria b. problemformulation c. weightingofcriteria d. analyzingalternatives5. Afterimplementationhasbeenaccomplished a. Thedecision-makingprocessiscomplete b. Thecontrolfunctionofmanagementbecomeimportant c. Thealternativesareranked d. Themanagermustcompletewrittenevaluationforms6. Whenaplantmanagerwhoistryingtoreduceturnoverofproductionworkersnoticesthatturnoverhasdecreasedby10percentfourmonthsafterheinstitutedanewtrainingprogram,atwhichstepintherationaldecision-makingprocessisthismanager? a. Identifytheproblem. b. Evaluatethedecisioncriteria. c. Analyzethealternatives. d. Evaluatetheresults.7. Accordingtotheconceptofboundedrationality,decisionmakersarelimitedby_______. a. lessthancompleteinformation b. environment c. time d. Alloftheabove.8.__________isselectingthefirstminimallyacceptablealternative. a. Boundedrationality b. Unboundedrationality c. Satisficing d. Rationaldecision-making9. Supposethatyouneedamathelectivetotakeinordertograduate.Therearefivedifferentcoursesyoucouldtake.Youcallonefriendand,onthebasisofherterrificexperienceinonecourse,youchoosethatone.WhatwouldHerbertSimoncallwhatyouhavejustdone? a. Boundedrationality b. Unboundedrationality c. Escalationofcommitment d. Rationaldecision-making10. ______________occurswhenamanagerpurchasesstockinacompanyandrefusestosellitevenafterithasdropped40percentinvalueoverthepast6months. a. Optimizing b. Satisficing c. BoundedRationality d. EscalationofCommitment11. ____________isoneofthedisadvantagesofgroupdecisionsthattypicallyresultsingroupsthatareverycohesive. a. Conflict b. Groupthink c. Domination d. Compromise12. Whichofthefollowingisanadvantageofgroupdecision-makingwhencomparedtoindividualdecision-making? a. Thegroupprocesstakeslesstime. b. Groupthinkmayoccur. c. Moredecisionalternativesaregenerated. d. Onepersoncandominatethegroup.13. Boundedrationalityreferstotheideathat a. Managersareboundbyethicalconsiderationstoberational b. Managerswillpromoterationalizationasanaidtodecisionmaking c. Managersemploymodelconstructiontosimplifydecisionmaking d. Managersaretobehaveaccordingtorationalguidelineswithintheboundsoftheirauthorityintheworkplace14. Thetendencyfordecisionmakerstobasetheirjudgmentsoninformationthatisreadilyaccessibletothemisbestdescribedas a. Escalationofcommitment b. Representativeheuristic c. Boundedrationality d. Noneoftheabove15. “Decisionmakingunderrisk”means____________. a. thedecisionhasnodataonwhichtobasehisorherdecision b. thedecisionmakerisusedtodealingwithhigh-risksituations c. thedecisionmakerknowsalloftherisksinvolvedinthesituation d. thedecisionmakercanestimatetheriskinvolvedinmakingadecision16. Howdomanagersknowwhentheyhaveadisparityordiscrepancyinthedecision-makingprocess?Thebestwayistocomparetheircurrentstateandsomestandard.Whichofthefollowingwouldnotbearelevantstandard? a. previouslysetgoals b. pastperformance c. theperformanceofsomeunitinoroutoftheorganization d. usefutureprojections17. Puttingadecisionintoactionandconveyingthedecisiontothepersonswhowillbeaffectedbyitisknownas a. problemidentification. b. decisionimplementation. c. rationaldecisionmaking. d. irrationaldecisionmaking.18. Whendecisionsmustbemadewithlimitedinformationbecausefullknowledgeoftheproblemisunavailableandtheprobabilityofoutcomesisunknown,theconditionof__________exists. a. uncertainty b. certainty c. risk d. boundedrationality19. Whichofthefollowingisnotanassumptionoftherationaldecision-makingmodel? a. Theproblemisclearandunambiguous. b. Asinglewell-definedgoalistobeachieved. c. Preferenceschangeslowly. d. Finalchoicewillmaximizeeconomicpayoff.20. Creativityisformedwhentheelementsofcreativeskills,expertise,and_____intersect. a. personality b. experience c. taskmotivation d. Noneoftheabove.21. Inthedecision-makingprocessknownasboundedrationality, a. thefinalchoicemaximizeseconomicpayoff. b. thefinalchoiceminimizeseconomicpayoff. c. thefirstchoicethatis"goodenough"ischosen. d. all"goodenough"choicesareselected.22. Janejustconductedtheperformanceappraisalsoffiveofheremployees.Herappraisalwasheavilyinfluencedbytheperformanceoftheindividualsduringthelastmonth.Jane'sbiasisanexampleof a.availabilityheuristic. b. representativeheuristic. c. escalationofcommitment. d. optimaldecisionmaking.23. Thedecision-makingprocessconcludeswith a. analysisofalternatives. b. identificationofaproblem. c. identificationofdecisioncriteria. d. evaluationofdecisioneffectiveness.24. Problemswhereinformationisambiguousorincompletearewhichtypeofproblem? a. well-structured b. ill-structured c. programmed d. nonprogrammed25. Well-structuredproblemsare a. New b. Closelyalignedwiththeassumptionsofperfectrationality c. Ambiguous d. Characterizedbylimitedinformation26. Whenadecisionmakerreliesonaprogrammeddecision,heorShe a. mayfallbackonrules,procedures,orpolicies b. willdevelopmanyalternativesfromwhichtoselectasolution c. willspendconsiderabletimeonthedecision d. mustbedealingwithauniqueorunusualproblem27. Aprocedurecanbedefinedasa a. methodtoguideamanager'sthinkinginonegeneraldirection. b. hierarchyofauthorityrelationshipsinanorganization. c. seriesofinterrelatedsequentialstepsforproblemsolving. d. collectionofexplicitstatementsaboutwhatamanagercanorcannotdo.28. AruleisBESTdescribedbywhichofthefollowing? a. Ageneralguidelinedesignedtodirectamanager'sfocus. b. Aseriesofinterrelatedsequentialsteps. c. Aprohibitionagainstdesiredactivity. d. Anexplicitandspecificstatementofcorrectbehavior.29. Apolicytypicallycontains a. parameterstoconstrainbehavior,notspecificrules. b. nothingbutexplicit,unambiguousterminology. c. asequenceofstepstofollowforapproveddecisionmaking. d. specificrules.30. "Wheneverpossible,wepromotefromwithin"isanexampleofwhichofthefollowing? a. rule b. procedure c. policy d. nonprogrammeddecision31. "Onlyemployeeswithtop-secretclearancemayenterthesealedroom,"isanexampleofa a. rule. b. procedure. c. policy. d. nonprogrammeddecision.32. Asmanagersmoveuptheorganizationalhierarchy,problemsaremorelikelytobecome a. well-structured. b. ill-structured. c. programmed. d. nonprogrammed.33. Aconceptualstyleofdecision-makingreflectsanindividualwho a. thinksintuitivelyandhasalowtoleranceforambiguity. b. thinksrationallyandhasahightoleranceforambiguity. c. thinksintuitivelyandhasahightoleranceforambiguity. d. thinksrationallyandhasalowtoleranceforambiguity.34. PeggyJuarezusesadecision-makingstylecharacterizedbylowtoleranceforambiguityandarationalwayofthinking.Theygenerallyturnouttobefastdecisionsofashortrunnature.WhatstyledoesPeggyuse?analyticconceptualdirectivebehavioral35. Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutgroupdecisions? a. Groupdecisionsarefaster. b. Groupdecisionstendtobemoreaccurate. c. Groupdecisionsaremorecreative. d. Groupdecisionsaremorewide