人教版英語同義句句型轉(zhuǎn)換附練習(xí)及答案

資料分享資料分享英語句型轉(zhuǎn)換（一）.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換知識點講解（14種類型）一、運用同義詞（組）進行轉(zhuǎn)換用同義詞或同義詞組對原句中的某些詞或詞組進行替換（又稱“詞語替代法”），注意轉(zhuǎn)換后的詞或詞組的詞形變化要與句子其他成分相適應(yīng)。如：Thatdaywecouldseeflowershereandthere.Thatdaywecouldseeflowers.分析：答案為everywhereeverywhere與hereandthe嘟表示“到處”Theteacheralwaystakesgoodcareofthechildrenintheschool.Theteacheralwaysthechildrenwellintheschool.分析：答案為looksaftertakegoodcare與flookafterwell都表示“好好照顧”Thechildrenarewearingbeautifulclothes.Thechildrenarebeautifulclothes.Everyday,YaoMingreceivesE-mailsfromthousandsofbasketballfans.Everyday,YaoMingthousandsofbasketballfans.Mr.Smithisworking.Mr.Smithis.答案：1.in2.hearsfrom3.atwork二、運用反義詞（組）的否定式進行轉(zhuǎn)換即用反義詞或詞組的否定式表達與原句相同的意思，主要考查學(xué)生對反義詞（詞組）的積累和換位思維的能力。如：I'tsclearthatthisvisitisdifferentfromlasttime.It'sclearthatthisvisitisnotthelasttime.分析：答案為sameasbedifferent彳意為“與不同”thesamea意為“與相同”其否定式與bedifferentfr同義。Ithinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.I___thinkwealthis___importantthanhealth.分析：答案為don't,more。lessimportant的意思是“沒有（不及）重要”moreimportan1的意思是“（比）更重要”該結(jié)構(gòu)與not連用，則表示“不比更重要”。ChineseismorepopularthanJapanese.JapaneseispopularChinese.Therunnercouldn'tcatchupwiththeothersintherace.Therunnertheothersintherace.AcomputerismoreusefulthanaVCD.AVCDisnotusefulacomputer.答案：4.less,than5.fellbeh，inads6.as另外，有的反義詞即使不與否定詞連用，而只需改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)也可構(gòu)成同義句。如：Helentsomemoneytohisfriend.Hefriend___somemoney___him.分析：答案為borrowed,from。borrow???from意為“向借”len（d??to意為“把……借給……”兩個結(jié)構(gòu)意思相反，但若變換“借出者”與“借入者”的位置，則可轉(zhuǎn)換為同義句。三、運用不同語態(tài)進行轉(zhuǎn)換即運用主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的變化來轉(zhuǎn)換同義詞，但此時要特別注意時態(tài)、動詞一致性。如：Everyoneshouldgivebackhislibrarybooksontime.Librarybooksshouldontime.分析：答案為begivenback被動句中含有情態(tài)動詞should因此助動詞用be。Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday.Computerswidely___intheworldtoday.分析：答案為are，puters是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，助動詞用areYoumusttidyyourbedroomeveryday.—Yourbedroommustbetidiedeveryday.Thefarmgrowscotton.—Cottonisgrownonthefarm.四、非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換即非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞進行轉(zhuǎn)換，此時往往會涉及時態(tài)的變化。如：Themanagerlefttwohoursago.Themanagerfortwohours.分析：答案為hasbeenawayleave為非延續(xù)性動詞，不能與fortwohour這樣的一段時間連用，而改成beaway這樣的延續(xù)性動詞后，則可連用一段時間。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.Thefilmhasbeenfiveminutes.分析：答案為onfo。hasbeen提示時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，“for+寸間段”表示“持續(xù)（一段時間）”，常用在含有現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的句子里。MrLijoinedthePartytwentyyearsago.MrLithePartyfortwentyyears.答案：hasbeenin短暫動詞join意為“參加、加入（組織，政黨）”不能與延續(xù)時間狀語連用，與延續(xù)性時間狀語連用時，將joir改成beii或beamemberi…。五、運用不同引語進行轉(zhuǎn)換即將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語或?qū)㈤g接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成直接引語。此時還要注意相關(guān)時態(tài)、人稱、動詞、狀語等相應(yīng)的變化。如：“I'vefoundmywall”et,hesaidtome.Hemethathehiswallet.分析：答案為toldhadfound此題是將直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語。“Didyouseeherlastw”eekh?esaid.HeIhadseenhertheweek.分析:答案為askedif/whether,bef此題是將疑問句的直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語。六、運用簡單句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換即將簡單句變成同義的復(fù)合句或?qū)?fù)合句變成同義的簡單句。（1）.復(fù)合句化為簡單句一般側(cè)重于將從句變化為短語或詞組，使句意簡單明了。①用不定式、介詞短語、名詞短語、分詞性短語等替換復(fù)合句中的句子；將賓語從句簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”；將so...that..,或such..that...引導(dǎo)的狀語從句簡化為含有too...to,enough...to...簡單句；④將if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句簡化為“祈使句，and（or）+—般將來時”的句子.（2）.必須注意的是，簡單句變?yōu)閺?fù)合句時，很多情況下是把賓語擴大為賓語從句，從句中使用—般將來時或“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”。如：Wedidhtgooutforawalkbecauseitwasraining.Wedidn'tgooutforawalktherain.分析：答案為becauseof將原因狀語從句becauseitwasrain改為表示原因的介詞短語becauseoftherainHewassoexcitedthathe'cotulgdontosleep.Hewasgotosleep.分析：答案為tooexcitedtc。將so???tha…換成too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)，原句的that從句為結(jié)果狀語從句，改寫句中的不定式仍表結(jié)果。NowIwillshowyouhowtodothework.NowIwillshowyoudothework.分析：答案為howyoucan即將原句中的“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句。Youshouldputthembackafteryouusethem.Youshouldputthembackthem.分析：答案為afterusing即將afte引導(dǎo)的狀語從句改寫為afte引導(dǎo)的介詞短語。hopethatIcanseeyouagain.—Ihopetoseeyouagain.Pleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets.—Pleasetellmewheretoshowourtickets.7.Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llmisstheearlybus.—Hurryup,oryouwon'tcatchtheearlybus.七、運用并列句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換即將并列句變成同義的復(fù)合句或?qū)?fù)合句變成同義的并列句。如：Comeon,or'wellmisstheearlybus.wehurry,'wellmisstheearlybus.分析：答案為Ifdon'tnif引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。Themangaveusatalklastweek.Nowhewillgiveusanothertalkthisweek.Themangaveusatalklastweekusanothertalkthisweek.分析：答案為who/thatwillgivewho/thatgaveusatalklas為定■語從句，修飾先行詞theman八、運用關(guān)聯(lián)連詞連接或合并句子即運用關(guān)聯(lián)連詞both??and…，neithe…nor…，eithe…or…，notonl…butalso?等將兩個簡單句合并為一個簡單句。此時要注意的是，both???and…連接兩個主語時，謂語總是用復(fù)數(shù)，而neithe…nor…，eithe…or…，notonl…butalso連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞通常應(yīng)與靠近的主語保持—致。如：Tomca'ntspeakJapanesewellandJi'mtc,aneither.TomJimcanspeakJapanesewell.分析：答案填Neithernor。neithe…nor…表示“和（兩者）都不”剛好與原句的兩個否定結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相吻合。AlicehasreadthebookandPeterhasreadit,too.AlicePeterhavereadthebook.分析：答案為Both,and。both???and…的意思是“和（兩者）都”Thisstoresell'meshoes,anditalsosellsmenthes.Thisstoresells'_smesnhoesm'ensclothes.分析：答案為notonlybutalso表示“不僅而且”之意。Hehasn'tbeentoFrance.Shehasn'tbeentoFrance,either.—NeitherhenorshehasbeentoFrance.Theroonisn'tverybig.Itcan'tholdalotofpeople.—Thisroomisn'tbigenoughtoholdalotofpeople.MrsSmithismyteacher.Sheisalsomygoodfriend.—MrsSmithisnotonlymyteacherbutalsomygoodfriend.九、變成含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句首先要判斷所給句子是哪一類型（陳述句、特殊疑問句還是一般疑問句）,然后確定所需要的連詞,同時必須注意時態(tài)的對應(yīng)和陳述句語序。1.Shemissedusverymuch.Shetoldus.—Shetoldusthatshemissedverymuch.2.IsMrNobelateacher?Couldyoutellme?—CouldyoutellmeifMrNobelisateacher?Where'stheforeignerfrom?Heasked.—Heaskedwheretheforeignerisfrom.十、用以it作形式主語的句型進行轉(zhuǎn)換不定式所表示的動作發(fā)出者一般是句子的主語,但有時卻不是,這時不定式常會帶上自己的邏輯主語，這一主語通常由介詞for引出。Hecanfinishtheworkeasily.—Itiseasyforhimtofinishthework.Hefoundtosleepwasverydifficult.—Hefounditwasverydifficultforhimtosleep.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.—ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.十一、利用某些典型句式或結(jié)構(gòu)進行轉(zhuǎn)換這類典型結(jié)構(gòu)如so???that…too??tc…，enoughtonot???unti…，sodo等。要在把握句意的基礎(chǔ)上對原句進行概括表達，遇到困難要多換個角度去思考，需要反復(fù)推敲才行。如：Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating,too.Jimwantstogoboating,andhisparents.分析：答案為sodo句意為“……他的父母也一樣（一樣想去）”Johnwenttobedafterhefinishedhishomework.Johngotobedhefinishedhishomework.分析：答案為didnt,unti。not???unti意為“直到才”特別提示：so...that..,too...to...,enough...to...是初中英語教材中三個重要的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，在一定條件下它們可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。so...that..與enough...to...的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句是肯定的，從句主語與主句主語相同時，so...that..可轉(zhuǎn)化為enough...to...結(jié)構(gòu)；若從句主語與主句主語不相同時，so...that..可轉(zhuǎn)化為enoughforsb..to結(jié)構(gòu).Tomissooldthathecangotoschool.—Tomisoldenoughtogotoschool.Theboxissolightthatthechildcanliftit.—Theboxislightenoughforthechildtolift.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句是否定的，從句主語與主句主語相同時，so...that..可轉(zhuǎn)化為enough...to...否定結(jié)構(gòu)；若從句主語與主句主語不相同時，so...that..可轉(zhuǎn)化為enoughforsb.,to否定結(jié)構(gòu)，但須注意的是，轉(zhuǎn)換后的形容詞（副詞）要用其相應(yīng)的反義詞。Themanissooldthathecan'tgotowork.—Themanisn'tyounyenoughtogotowork.ThedeskissoheavythatIcan'tmoveit.—Thedeskisn'tlightenoughformetomove.so...that..與too...to...轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句是否定的，從句主語與主句主語相同時，so...that..可轉(zhuǎn)化為too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)；若從句主語與主句主語不相同時，so...that..可轉(zhuǎn)化為too...forsb.,to結(jié)構(gòu)。He,is,so,young,that,he,can't,go,to,school.—He,is,too,young,to,go,to,school.The,box,is,so,heavy,that,I,can't,move,it.—The,box,is,too,heavy,for,me,to,move.enough...to...與too...to...轉(zhuǎn)換enough...to...句式為否定式時，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)，但轉(zhuǎn)換后的結(jié)構(gòu)中tooto的形容詞（副詞）要用其相應(yīng)的反義詞。He,is,not,old,enough,to,do,the,job.—He,is,too,young,to,do,the,job.Tom,didn't,walk,slowly,enough,for,us,to,keep,up,with,him.—Tom,walked,too,fast,for,us,to,keep,up,with,him.十二、用同義句改寫英語中有很多意義相同（相近）但結(jié)構(gòu)不同的句型、句式，這些句型大多是學(xué)習(xí)的重點常見的有：①notas...as...與比較級的轉(zhuǎn)換；②thananyother與最高級的轉(zhuǎn)換；③when（after,befc引e導(dǎo)的從句與not...unti的轉(zhuǎn)換；④瞬間動詞（come,go,leave,buy,die,begin,borrow.）的過去時與含有一段時間狀語的完成時的轉(zhuǎn)換;⑤take,cost,spend,payfor的轉(zhuǎn)換；⑥詢問價格的幾個句型的互相轉(zhuǎn)換；⑦what引起的感嘆句與how引起的感嘆句的轉(zhuǎn)換等。Shespent30dollarsontheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.—TheEnglish-Chinesedictionarycosther30dollars.—Shepaid30dollarsfortheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.—Shespent30dollarsbuyingtheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Howcleverthemanis!—Whataclevermanheis!Howoldareyou?—What'syourage?Wecamehomewhenitwassixo'clock.—Wedidn'tcomehomeuntil/beforeitwassixo'clock.十三、用派生詞或一詞多義改寫此類題型可采用“詞類轉(zhuǎn)化法”，利用某些派生詞或詞性相異的詞組來代替原句中的某些成分，此時句子結(jié)構(gòu)一般會隨之發(fā)生一些變化。例如：Thesnowwasheavylastnight.—Itsnowedheavilylastnight.TheforeignershavevisitedtheGreatWall.—TheforeignershavebeenonavisittotheGreatWall.十四、用介詞短語改寫Mybrotherwenttocollegewhenhewasseventeen.—Mybrotherwenttocollegeattheageofseventeen.Tommydidn'thavebreakfastandwenttoschool.—Tommywenttoschoolwithouthavingbreakfast.Iusuallywalktoschool.—Iusuallygotoschoolonfoot.十五、形容詞、副詞三種等級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換e.g.Henryistallerthantheotherstudentsinourclass.=Henryisthetalleststudentinourclass.此類題目需要學(xué)生能夠熟悉形容詞、副詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)律，能夠靈活運用一些有關(guān)形容詞和副詞比較等級的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，如：（1）moreandmore…，（2）the七匕較級+ofthetwo…；（3）The+比較級…，the+另一詞）比較級…。特別要清楚表示最高級范圍的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：（1）in+組織/單位，（2）of+與主語同類別的人或物。表示排除主語的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：（10）theother+名詞復(fù)數(shù)；（2）anyother名詞單數(shù)。表示相同性質(zhì)比較的結(jié)構(gòu)，as+形容詞/副詞（原級）+as;notas/so???as???.。解題時注意交換句子主語，用反義詞進行改寫；或者用比較級表示最高級含義。十六、“祈使句+and/or…”結(jié)構(gòu)與if條件狀語從句間的轉(zhuǎn)換e.g.Ifyourunalittlefaster，you'llcatchupwithyourclassmates.=Runfaster，andyou'llcatchupwithyourclassmates.此類題目要注意句子的肯定與否定，正確使用and和or。十七、陳述句與感嘆句及兩種形式感嘆句間的轉(zhuǎn)換e.g.Theboydrewaverybeautifulflower.=Howbeautifulaflowertheboydrew1=Whatabeautifulflowertheboydrew!此類題目要求學(xué)生能夠完全掌握what和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的構(gòu)成，并能靈活運用。（二）.句型轉(zhuǎn)換專練（附答案）A.將下列句子改為否定句。每空一詞）1.Theyarecleaningtheclassroom.Theycleaningtheclassroom.canfindmywatch.Ifindmywatch.3.Sheiswearingasweatertoday.Shewearingasweatertoday.Therearesomebananasonthetable.Therearebananasonthetable.Thereisabottleandaglassunderthechair.Thereabottleaglassunderthechair.ShecanspeakalittleChinesenow.ShespeakalittleChinesenow.Hehasteaintheafternoon.Heteaintheafternoon.Theyknowmeverywell.Theymeverywell.Mysisterlikesmeatverymuch.Mysistermeatverymuch.Ithinkheisright.Iheright.Pleaseputthesebooksinthebox.thesebooksinthebox.Iwantsomemilk.Imilk.Gototheclassroom.totheclassroom.Therearesomeapplesinthebasket.Thereapplesinthebasket.TheyarewatchingTVnow.TheywatchingTVnow.B?將下列句子改為一般疑問句。每空一詞）1.Thereisariverinthepicture.ariverinthepicture?2.Therearesomeboysintheroom.boysintheroom?Theyaresingingoverthere.overthere?aminClassTwo.inClassTwo?TomandJimstayinChinanow.TomandJimstayinChinanow?Helikesmeatalot.hemeatalot?AmericansspeakAmericanEnglish.AmericansAmericanEnglish?Theboyhasmanyfriends.theboymanyfriends?LinTaooftendoeshishomewo：0Qt7LinTaooftenhishomeworkat7:00?Hebuyssomeeggseveryweek.heeggseveryweek?MissGaooftenbuysthingsintheshop.MissGaooftenthingsintheshop?Jimusuallyhasbreakfastatsixinthemorning.Jimusuallybreakfastinthemorning?HanMeiisdoingherhomeworkathome.HanMeiherhomeworkathome?LilyandLucywantsomeapples.LilyandLucywantapples?Theyarebuyingalotofthingsfromtheshop.theyalotofthongsfromtheshop?C.對劃線部分提問。每空一詞)Therearefortystudentsinourclass.studentsinyourclass?2.Sheismakingcakes.she?ThisisJim'sbedroom.bedroomthis?Theyellowcoatishers.coatishers?Thisshirtiswhite.isthisshirt?TomcanspeakChineseandEngli劃線部分提問)languagecanTomspeak?ThetwinscomefromtheU同上A)(thetwinscomefrom?Ilikethesepostcardsverymuch.youlikethesepostcards?likethepicturesinthisbook.youlikeinthisbook?WeteachthemEnglish.teachthemEnglish?WegooutonSundays.yougoout?Mysisterlikesbreadverymuch.yoursisterlikebread?Shedoesn'tlikericeornoodlesatall.shelikeatall?Theboyhasmanyfriends.friendstheboy?Therearenineteenstudentsinmyclass.studentsarethereinyourclass?Theyliketoeatdifferentkindsoffood.theytoeat?amlearningEnglishnow.younow?18.TheyteachmeChineseathome.theyyouEnglish?learnChineseatschool.youlearnChinese?20.OurChineseteacher'snameisJoyWang.isyourChineseteacher'sname?Shelikestohavericeforeverymeal.shetohavefroeverymeal?IlikethediningroomverymuchbecauseIlikeeating.youdinningroomverymuch?Theyliketoeatdifferentkindsoffood.theytoeat?usuallygotoschoolatthistime.youusuallytoschool?wanttofinishmyhomework.youwantto?Heusuallyhaslunch：0D.7doeshelunch?Theyleaveschoolatsixo'clock.theyato'sicxlcok?Jimgoestoschooleveryday.Jimeveryday?Kategetsupatsixinthemorningonweekdays.Kateupinthemorningonweekdays?Hewantstoeatsomebread.hetoeat?Theshopsellsbooksandschoolthings.theshop?Tomhaseggsandmeatforlunch.Tomforlunch?Thefishissixyuanakilo.thefish?MrReadwouldliketwokilosoffish?kilosoffishMrsRead?wanttobuytwokilosofmeat.youwantWecanbuymanythingsintheshop.buymanythings?Mysisterwantsthreep提OUS.(pearsdoessisterwant?ThemanonthebikeisKatesfather.isKate'sfather?Thechildrenarelisteningtotheteacher.thechildren?IlikeChinaverymuch.youChina?D.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換每空一詞）：1.Bikeisshortforbicycle.Bikeissayingbicycle.IttookMaryanhourtodoherhomeworklastnight.Maryanhourherhomeworklastnight.Theymadehimwork12hoursaday.He12hoursaday.IamaLeaguemember.HeisaLeaguemember,too.heILeaguemembers.Heissoyoungthathecan'tjointhearmy.Heisyoungthearmy.Theplayersmiledandjumpedintotheriver.Theplayerjumpedintotheriver.Mr.BrownleftLondonsixyearsago.Mr.BrownLondonforsixyears.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.Themoonistheearth.Heisoneofmyfriends.Heisafriend.Theteachertoldusthatweshouldnotmeetattheschoolgate.Theteachertoldusattheschoolgate.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.It'sinteresting.Ihavetotellyou.Isawthemplayingbasketballthere.Isawtheybasketballthere.Listencarefully,andyou'llbecomemoreinterested.listencarefully,you'llbecomemoreinterested.Sheh