2016高考英語(yǔ)(江蘇專(zhuān)用)二輪復(fù)習(xí)+第四部分+任務(wù)型閱讀+課件

任務(wù)型閱讀第四部分任務(wù)型閱讀命題規(guī)律題型解讀與高考感悟任務(wù)型閱讀閱讀量較大，但閱讀難度適中，一般原詞與推理、歸納詞的比例是5∶5。2013年能在文中找到原詞的共5題，須要對(duì)原文詞性、詞形變換的共1題，歸納總結(jié)得出答案的共4題。2014年推理、歸納題考查比例較大，共6題。能在原文中找到原詞和須要對(duì)原文詞性、詞形變換的各2題。2015年有7題可在原文中找到原詞或相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞形、詞性。命題趨勢(shì)任務(wù)型閱讀將會(huì)接著在江蘇高考試題中占有較大比重，考題形式還是主要以表格形和樹(shù)狀形為主，文章體裁主要以爭(zhēng)論文為主，閱讀量大，要求考生具有捕獲信息、組織信息和綜合概括信息的實(shí)力。真題體驗(yàn)(一)(2015·江蘇)Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.OneisrelatedtowhatFreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple，theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.Forwantofbetternames，weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediate

rewardanddelayed

reward.Ingeneral，thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption，accidentsanddisasters，sports，socialevents，andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs，economicmatters，socialproblems，science，education，andhealth.Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder，shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane，identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam，laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.Newsofthesecondkind，however，paysitsrewardslater.Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as，forexample，whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation，themountingnationaldebt，risingtaxes，fallingmarket，scarcehousing，andcancer.Ithasakindof“threatvalue”.Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews，hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind，heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.Foranyindividual，ofcourse，theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable.Forexample，asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem，ratherthanforitsimmediatereward.Acoachmayreadasportsstoryforitsthreatvalue：hemayhavetoplaythatteamnextweek.Apoliticianmayreadanaccountofhislatestsuccessfulpublicmeeting，notforitsdelayedreward，butverymuchashiswifereadsanaccountofaparty.Inanygivenstoryofcorruptionordisaster，athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperience，butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.Therefore，whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral，anindividual’stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother，ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.Whatnewsstoriesdoyouread？Divisionofnewsstories?Peopleexpecttoget71.________fromreadingnews.?Newsstoriesareroughlydividedintotwoclasses.?Somenewswillexcitetheirreadersinstantlywhileotherswon’t.72.________ofthetwoclasses?Newsofimmediaterewardwillseeminglytaketheirreaderstotheveryfrighteningscenewithoutactual73.________.?Readerswillassociatethemselvescloselywithwhathappensinthenewsstoriesand74.________similarfeelingswiththoseinvolved.72.________ofthetwoclasses

?Newsofdelayedrewardwillmakereaderssuffer，orpresenta75.________tothem.?Newsofdelayedrewardwillinducethereaderto76.________fortherealitywhilenewsofimmediaterewardwillleadthereaderto77.________fromthereality.Unstableboundariesofthetwoclasses?Whatreadersexpectfromnewsstoriesarelargelyshapedbytheir78.________.?Seriousreaderswillbothgetexcitedoverwhathappensinsomenewsstoriesand79.________themselvestothereality.?Thus，thedivision，onthewhole，80.________onthereader.71.rewards/rewarded解析本題對(duì)應(yīng)首段首句“Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.”但該空須要變更詞形，將areward變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式，或者用reward的過(guò)去分詞。72.Explanations解析此空須要綜合右欄所給內(nèi)容得出答案。與之對(duì)應(yīng)的右欄內(nèi)容是對(duì)兩種回報(bào)類(lèi)別的“說(shuō)明”。73.involvement解析由第三段的“Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.”以及空前的形容詞actual可知這里應(yīng)將involved變?yōu)槊~形式。74.share解析由第三段的末句可知他會(huì)把自己的感受和對(duì)方連在一起，即感同身受。這里應(yīng)當(dāng)是“共享”相像的感情。75.threat解析由第四段的“...whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation...Ithasakindof‘threatvalue’.”可知這里應(yīng)當(dāng)是說(shuō)帶來(lái)“威逼”。76.prepare解析本題對(duì)應(yīng)倒數(shù)其次段中的“Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.”，且由空前的不定式符號(hào)to可知此處填prepare。77.withdraw解析本題對(duì)應(yīng)倒數(shù)其次段末句：“Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind，heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.”由空前的to可知這里填fession(s)/intention解析末段分別提到三個(gè)不同職業(yè)的人對(duì)閱讀的不同期盼，所以這里應(yīng)當(dāng)是“職業(yè)”或“意圖”。79.adapt解析本題對(duì)應(yīng)倒數(shù)其次段中的“...hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork...”且空前的and連接兩個(gè)并列成分，前后形式應(yīng)一樣，因此這里用動(dòng)詞原形adapt。80.depends解析由短文末句可知個(gè)人的傾向?qū)е聝蓚€(gè)類(lèi)別的轉(zhuǎn)換，換句話說(shuō)后者取決于前者。這里用短語(yǔ)dependon。(二)(2014·江蘇)Theexpression，“everybody’sdoingit，”

isverymuchatthecenteroftheconceptofpeerpressure.Itisastronginfluenceofagroup，especiallyofchildren，onmembersofthatgrouptobehaveaseverybodyelsedoes.Itcanbepositiveornegative.Mostpeopleexperienceitinsomewayduringtheirlives.

Peoplearesocialcreaturesbynature，andsoitishardlysurprisingthatpartoftheirself-respectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers.Thisinstinct(天性)iswhytheapprovalofpeers，orthefearofdisapproval，issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople’slives.Itisthesameinstinctthatdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatwork，ortoanswer“fine”whenastrangerasks“howareyou？”

evenifitisnotnecessarilytrue.Thereisapracticalaspecttothis：ithelpssocietytofunctionefficiently，andencouragesagenerallevelofself-disciplinethatsimplifiesday-to-dayinteraction.

Forcertainindividuals，seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportantthatitbecomeslikeanaddiction；inordertosatisfythedesire，theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtousedrugs，orjoingangsthatencouragecriminalbehavior.Matureadultsmaysometimesfeelpressuredtocoverupillegalactivityatthecompanywheretheywork，orendupindebtbecausetheyareunabletoholdbackthedesiretobuyahouseorcarthattheycan’taffordinaneffortto“keepupwiththeJoneses.”

However，peerpressureisnotalwaysnegative.Astudentwhosefriendsaregoodatacademicsmaybeurgedtostudyharderandgetgoodgrades.Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.Thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffdrugs，ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.Studygroupsandclassprojectsareexamplesofpositivepeergroupsthatencouragepeopletobetterthemselves.Schoolstrytoteachkidsaboutthedangersofnegativepeerpressure.Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves，andencouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong.Similarly，itcanbehelpfultoencouragechildrentogreetthebeneficialinfluenceofpositivepeergroups.71.feeling解析由文章的首句“Theexpression，‘everybody’sdoingit，’isverymuchatthecenteroftheconceptofpeerpressure.”可知“同齡壓力”的核心是“每個(gè)人都在做這件事”。設(shè)空處是對(duì)peerpressure的說(shuō)明：“同齡壓力指猛烈的________，即：你必需用和你同樣年齡的其他人的方式做事情。”由must可見(jiàn)語(yǔ)氣的猛烈，它表達(dá)的是一種猛烈的情感，故填feeling。72.influences解析由首段的其次句“Itisastronginfluenceofagroup...”可知同齡壓力是一種猛烈的群體影響(influence)。設(shè)空處須要填寫(xiě)動(dòng)詞“影響”，和works一起構(gòu)成并列謂語(yǔ)。73.practical解析由其次段中的最終一句“Thereisapracticalaspecttothis...”及本框格所包含的右邊框格中的內(nèi)容可以推斷此處是說(shuō)同齡壓力對(duì)社會(huì)的好用功能，故應(yīng)填“practical”。74.unconsciously解析其次段說(shuō)到人的天性促使人不由自主地做某些事，并且舉例：生疏人說(shuō)“howareyou？”，你自然會(huì)說(shuō)“fine”，即使有時(shí)候這并不是事實(shí)。全部這些都是“無(wú)意識(shí)的”，故此處填unconsciously。75.individuals解析由第三段的首句“Forcertainindividuals，seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportant...”以及下面的內(nèi)容，可以推斷此句為該段主題句，說(shuō)的是同齡壓力對(duì)個(gè)人的影響，故應(yīng)填individuals。76.moral解析由第三段中的“...inordertosatisfythedesire，theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.”可知為了滿(mǎn)足愿望，他們可能會(huì)不分對(duì)錯(cuò)，也就是說(shuō)缺乏道德感。77.spirit解析由倒數(shù)其次段的第三句“Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.”可知同齡壓力的主動(dòng)影響還包括團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。78.habits解析由倒數(shù)其次段中的“...tohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.”可知這里是說(shuō)養(yǎng)成好的習(xí)慣。79.independent解析由最終一段中的“Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves...”可知孩子們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立，即independent。80.no解析由最終一段中的“...encouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong.”可知對(duì)于那些他們認(rèn)為錯(cuò)的事情要禮貌地拒絕，即對(duì)那些錯(cuò)的或者不合法的事情說(shuō)“不”。(三)(2013·江蘇)QuietVirtue：TheConscientiousTheeverydaysignsofconscientiousness(細(xì)致盡責(zé))—beingpunctual，carefulindoingwork，self-disciplined，andscrupulous(一絲不茍的)inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen，thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.Theyfollowtherules，helpout，andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It’stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence，whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaves，whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjobperformance，outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs，fromsemi-skilledlabortosalesandmanagement，dependsonconscientiousness.Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization：thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect，thedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontime.AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufacturer，thosewhoweremostconscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer(緩沖)againstthethreatofjoblossintoday’sconstantlychangingmarket，becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued.Forthesalesrepresentatives，theirlevelofconscientiousnessmatteredalmostasmuchastheirsalesindeterminingwhostayedon.Thereisanairaroundhighlyconscientiouspeoplethatmakesthemseemevenbetterthantheyactuallyare.Theirreputationfordependabilityinfluencesmanagers’evaluationsoftheirwork，givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresoftheirperformancewouldpredict.

Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.Sinceconscientiouspeopledemandsomuchofthemselves，theycanholdotherpeopletotheirownstandards，andsobeoverlyjudgmentalwhenothersdon’tshowthesamehighlevelsofmodelbehavior.FactoryworkersinGreatBritainandtheUnitedStateswhowereextremelyconscientious，forexample，tendedtocriticizeco-workersevenaboutfailuresthatWhenconscientiousnesstakestheformoflivinguptoexpectations，itcandiscouragecreativity.Increativeprofessionslikeartoradvertising，opennesstowildideasandspontaneity(自發(fā)性)arescarceandindemand.Successinsuchoccupationscallsforabalance，however；withoutseemedunimportanttothosetheycriticized，whichdamagedtheirrelationships.enoughconscientiousnesstofollowthrough，peoplebecomemeredreamers，withnothingtoshowfortheirimaginativeness.71.strict解析歸納總結(jié)題。第一段講解并描述了細(xì)致盡責(zé)的一些表現(xiàn)：beingpunctual，carefulindoingwork，self-disciplined，andscrupulous(一絲不茍的)inattendingtoresponsibilities守時(shí)、工作細(xì)心、自律，在擔(dān)當(dāng)責(zé)任方面一絲不茍，這些都說(shuō)明細(xì)致盡責(zé)的人對(duì)自己要求很?chē)?yán)格。72.helpful/good解析信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。第一段的“It’stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeople...”說(shuō)明細(xì)致盡責(zé)的人對(duì)別人是有幫助的(helpful)或是有好處的(good)。73.Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance解析歸納總結(jié)題。文章的其次、三、四段講解并描述了細(xì)致盡責(zé)的好處和重要性。74.running/working/going/operating/functioning解析歸納總結(jié)題。由首段的“...thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.”可知答案。75.performance(s)解析干脆信息題。由其次段的“Instudiesofjobperformance，outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs...”可知答案。76.fired/dismissed/jobless解析信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。由第三段的“Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer(緩沖)againstthethreatofjoblossintoday’sconstantlychangingmarket...”可知，細(xì)致盡責(zé)的人不簡(jiǎn)潔失去工作，此處應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞或形容詞，這樣便可得到答案。77.problems/troubles解析干脆信息題。由第五段的第一句“Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.”可知，這里講的是細(xì)致盡責(zé)所產(chǎn)生的一些問(wèn)題等。78.higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced解析歸納總結(jié)題。由第四段的“...givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresof...”可知答案。79.tense/damaged/poor/bad解析歸納總結(jié)題。由第五段的“...overlyjudgmental...tendedtocriticizeco-workers...”可知，他們對(duì)同事要求過(guò)嚴(yán)，簡(jiǎn)潔指責(zé)同事，從而造成關(guān)系驚惶。80.discourage/affect/damage解析干脆信息題。由第六段的“...itcandiscouragecreativity.”可知答案。解題步驟與突破方法一、任務(wù)型閱讀的解題步驟1.略讀?？焖匍喿x全文，理清文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)，了解文章的框架及每段大意。2.掃讀。掃讀圖表，分析表格結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容，精確定位填空的要求，以便帶著問(wèn)題找尋答案。3.細(xì)讀。深化理解文章內(nèi)容，分析整合信息，精確表達(dá)。歸納概括，轉(zhuǎn)換信息正確表述。4.復(fù)查。通觀全篇，復(fù)讀檢查。二、復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)留意培育解題實(shí)力1.培育詞形轉(zhuǎn)換實(shí)力，如：用所給詞語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1)Thecarrusheddowntheroadatastonishingspeed.(astonish)(2)Thepostalservicehereisveryunreliable.(serve)(3)Theexamwasrelativelyeasy.(relative)常見(jiàn)的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換有：說(shuō)明舉例動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)槊~后，常跟have，make，take等詞搭配表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作havealook(talk，wash，swim，rest，dream，laugh，ride，dance，interview，etc.)makeastudy(guess，visit，call，change，answer，reply，promise，request，etc.)takeaseat(drive，look，bath，etc.)表具體實(shí)物的名詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞adropofwater(水)，watertheflowers(澆)；amapofEurope(地圖)，maptheSouthPole(繪制地圖)；abicyclechain(鏈條)，chainaboattoatree(拴住)表身體部位或某類(lèi)人的名詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞Thestonehithimonthehead.(頭)Headstraightforthefactory.(朝向)Thenurseondutyisnursingthepatient(護(hù)理)表抽象概念的名詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞Timeisabirdforeveronthewing.(時(shí)間)TakeadeepbreathandI’lltimeyou.(計(jì)時(shí))有些形容詞可作動(dòng)詞用Yourwatchisfiveminutesslow.(慢的)Slowdownyourcarinthecrowdedstreets.(放慢)Let’ssitintheshadeandgetcool.(涼爽的)Openthewindowstocooltheroom.(使涼爽)2.培育英語(yǔ)釋義與概括實(shí)力，如：依據(jù)提示用意義相同的詞完成各句，每空一詞。(1)Theboyfeltuncomfortablewithhisnewclassmates.(notcomfortable)(2)Ifyouignoreyourdiet，troublewillfollow.(paynoattentionto)(3)Atanyrate，themedicalsupplieswillreachyouwithinaweek.(thingssuchasfood，medicines，etc.thatareneededbyagroupofpeople)3.培育逆向思維實(shí)力。如：依據(jù)提示用意義相反的詞完成各句，每空一詞。(1)Iamunabletocycletoschoolbecausemybicycleisbroken.(able)(2)Therehasbeenasteadydecreaseinpopulationinthiscity.(increase)(3)Theroughroadmadethecarvibrate.(smooth)4.培育語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)解讀實(shí)力。如：利用完形填空和閱讀理解的文章，在閱讀后，寫(xiě)出文章主題，段落大意，自己動(dòng)手繪制語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)圖，以增加語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)解讀的實(shí)力。三、復(fù)習(xí)建議學(xué)生在做任務(wù)型閱讀時(shí)常遇到的困難是：難以理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)與圖表；難以用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞的適當(dāng)形式填空；不會(huì)概括；方法不當(dāng)，信念不足等等。因此，在備考復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要有的放矢地進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，特殊要在以下幾個(gè)方面留意積累閱歷。1.學(xué)會(huì)查讀(1)帶著問(wèn)題有意識(shí)地在微小環(huán)節(jié)處和關(guān)鍵處做標(biāo)記；(2)留意最醒目的字眼(time，age，number，place...)；(3)依據(jù)信息詞搜尋所須要的內(nèi)容。如：①5W＋H：who，what，when，where，why，how；②時(shí)間先后：first，then，afterthat，next，finally；③因果：because，thus，leadto，causedby，asaresultof；④比較：similarly，differently，like，unlike，but，while，ho