科學家專用模板;藍腦計劃項目BlueBrain

BlueBrain Presentedby:& KRISHNARAJ.SINTRODUCTIONHumanbrain-Themostvaluablecreationof

God.BLUEBRAIN-Thenameoftheworld’sfirstvirtualbrain.Thatmeansamachinethatcanfunctionashumanbrain.Mainaimistouploadhumanbrainintomachine.Afterthedeathofthebody,thevirtualbrainwillactastheman.Contn…IBMisnowinresearchtocreateaVirtualBrain.ThefirstphaseofBlueBrainprojectstartedafter15yearsofsystematicallydissectingasingleneocorticalcolumn.TheprojecthasfocusednotonlyonbuildingamodelofNCC,butondevelopingagenericfacility.ThemodelofNCCconsistsof10,0003Ddigitalizationofrealneurons.FUNCTIONINGOFBRAIN

SensoryInputReceivinginputsuchassound,image,etcthroughsensorycell.InterpretationInterpretationofthereceivedinputbythebrainbydefiningstatesofneuronsinthebrain.MotorOutputReceivingofelectricresponsesfromthebraintoperformanyaction.ModelingTheBlueBrain1:Modelingtheneurons:-Shape&Structureinfluencesit’selectricalproperties.Neuronmorphology&ElectricalbehavioroftheJuvenileRatisusedasthebasisforthemodel.2:Modelingconnections:-Precisedensity&VolumeoftheCellprovidesessentialinformationforconstructingcorticalcircuits.BlueGeneisusedinintensivecalculationtofixthesynapselocations3:Modelingthecolumn:-TheresultofallthesecalculationsisarecreationatthecellularleveloftheNCC.AmodelofNCCwascompletedattheendof2006.ModelofNCCSpecificachievementsofBBP-Phase1Modelingframeworkforautomatic,ondemandconstructionofneuralcircuits:frombiologicaldata.Newsimulation&calibrationprocess:automaticallyanalysesthebiologicalaccuracy&consistencyofeachrevisionofthemodel.Canserveasakeytoolfoesimulationbasedresearch.BlueGene:SuperComputerBlueGene–ComputerarchitectureprojectdesignedtoproduceseveralsupercomputershavingspeedsinPFLOPSrange.4BlueGeneProjectsBlueGene/LBlueGene/CBlueGene/PBlueGene/QBlueGene/L:DevelopedthroughapartnershipwithLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratory(LLNL).Theoreticalperformance:478TFLOPSsustained596TFLOPSpeak.ItusesLustretoaccessmultiplefilesystemsinthe600TB––1PBrange.Features:TradingthespeedofprocessorsforlowpowerconsumptionDuelprocessorspernodewithtwoworkingmodesSystemon-chipdesignLargenumberofnodes3DtorusinterconnectwithauxiliarynetworksLightweightOSpernodeforminimumsystemoverheadArchitecture:TheuploadingispossiblebytheuseofsmallrobotsknownasthenanobotsTheserobotsaresmallenoughtotravelthroughoutourcirculatorysystemTravelingintothespineandbrain,theywillbeabletomonitortheactivityandstructureofourcentralnervoussystemTheywillbeabletoprovideaninterfacewithcomputerwhilewestillresideinourbiologicalformUPLOADINGHUMANBRAINNanobotscouldalsocarefullyscanthestructureofourbrain,providingacompletereadoutoftheconnection.Thisinformation,whenenteredintoacomputer,couldthencontinuetofunctionasus.Thusthedatastoredintheentirebrainwillbeuploadedintothecomputer.Contn……BRAINSIMULATIONTheelectricalactivityofeachneuronissimulatedviasupercomputersAvisualexplorationofthecircuitisanimportantpartoftheanalysisAstheelectricalimpulsetravelsthroughthecolumn,neuronslightupandchangecolorastheybecomeelectricallyactiveAllcalibrating&comparingfn.sofBlueBraincircuit:2ndstageofBlueBrainprocessINPUTThroughthenaturalneuronsINPUTThroughthesiliconchiporartificialneuronsINTERPRETATIONByasetofbitsinthesetofregisterINTERPRETATIONBydifferentstatesoftheneuronsinthebrainNATURALBRAINVSSIMULATEDBRAINOUTPUTThroughthenaturalneurons.OUTPUTThroughthesiliconchip.PROCESSINGThrougharithmeticandlogicalcalculations.PROCESSINGThrougharithmeticandlogicalcalculationandartificialintelligence.MEMORYThroughpermanentstatesofneuronsMEMORYThroughSecondarymemoryNEURONSOFTWARESimulationenvironmentformodelingindividualandnetworkofneurons.Developedby:MichaelHines,JohnWMoore&TedCarnivale.Primaryscriptinglanguageusedtointeractishoc.SupportsparallelizationviatheMPIprotocol.PropertiesofneuronmembranechannelsaresimulatedusingNMODLlanguage.Programtocreateanervecell//createtwosections,thebodyoftheneuronandaverylongaxoncreatesoma,axonsoma{//lengthissetto100micrometersL=100//diameterissetto100micrometersdiam=100//insertamechanismsimulatingthestandardsquidHodgkin–Huxleychannelsinserthh//insertamechanismsimulatingthepassivemembranepropertiesinsertpas}axon{L=5000diam=10inserthhinsertpas//theaxonshallbesimulatedusing10compartments.Bydefaultasinglecompartmentisusednseg=10}//connectthedistalendofthesomatotheproximalendoftheaxonconnectsoma(1),axon(0)//declareandinsertacurrentclampintothemiddleofthesomaobjrefstimsomastim=newIClamp(0.5)//definesomeparametersofthestimulus:delay,duration(bothinms)andamplitude(innA)stim.del=10stim.dur=5stim.amp=10//loadadefaultNEURONlibraryfilethatdefinestherunroutineLoad_file("stdrun.hoc")//setthesimulationtorunfor50mststop=50//runthesimulationrun()Rememberingthingswithoutanyeffort.Makingdecisionwithoutthepresenceofaperson.Usingintelligenceofapersonafterthedeath.Understandingtheactivitiesofanimals.Allowingthedeaftohearviadirectnervestimulation.ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESWebecomedependentuponthecomputer.Othersmayusetechnicalknowledgeagainstus.AnotherfearisfoundtodaywithrespecttohumancloningHARDWAREANDSOFTWAREREQUIRMENTASupercomputerMemorywithaverylargestoringcapacityProcessorwithaveryhighprocessingpower.Averywidenetwork.Aprogramtoconverttheelectricimpulsesfromthebraintoinputsignal,whichistobereceivedbythecomputerandviceversa.verypowerfulNanobotstoactastheinterfacebetweenthenaturalbrainandthecomputer.BENEFITS1.Gatheringandtesting100yearsofdata:Toprovideaworkingmodelintowhichthepast100yearsknowledgeaboutthemicrostructureandworkingsoftheneocorticalcolumncanbegatheredandtested.2.Crackingtheneuralcode:TheNeuralCodereferstohowthebrainbuildsobjectsusingelectricalpatterns.CreatinganaccuratereplicaoftheNCCwhichfaithfullyreproducestheemergentelectricaldynamicsoftherealmicrocircuit,isanabsoluterequirementtorevealinghowtheneocortexprocesses,storesandretrievesinformation.3.Understandingneocorticalinformationprocessing:Thepowerofanaccuratesimulationliesinthepredictionsthatcanbegeneratedabouttheneocortex.Indeed,iterationsbetweensimulationsandexperimentsareessentialtobuildanaccuratecopyoftheNCC.4.Anoveltoolfordrugdiscoveryforbraindisorders:UnderstandingthefunctionsofdifferentelementsandpathwaysoftheNCCwillprovideaconcretefoundationtoexplorethecellularandsynapticbasesofawidespectrumofneurologicalandpsychiatricdiseases.5.Aglobalfacility:AsoftwarereplicaofaNCCwillallowresearcherstoexplorehypothesesofbrainfunctionanddysfunctionacceleratingresearch.6.Afoundationforwholebrainstimulations:generatereducedmodelsthatretaincriticalfunctionsandcomputationalcapabilities,whichcanbeduplicatedandinterconnectedtoformneocorticalbrainregions.KnowledgeoftheNCCarchitecturecanbetransferredtofacilitatereconstructionofsubcorticalbrainregions.7.Afoundationformolecularmodelingofbrainfunction:Willprovidethefirstandessentialsteptoagradualincreaseinmodelcomplexitymovingtowardsamolecularleveldescriptionoftheneocortexwithbiochemicalpathwaysbeingsimulated.RESEARCHWORKIBMdevelopingthe““Bluebrain”IBM,inpartnershipwithscientistsatSwitzerland’’sEcolePolytechniqueFederaleDeLausanne’s(EPFL