2020年9月六級(jí)真題(第2套)

2020.9/22020.9/2(第2套L2020.9/22020.9/2(第2套L2020年9月六級(jí)真題（第2套）PartIWriting(30PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthesayingWealthofthemindistheonlytruewealth.Youshouldwriteatleastwordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)說(shuō)明：由于2020年9月六級(jí)考試全國(guó)共考了1套聽力，本套真題聽力與第1套內(nèi)容完全一樣,只是順序不一樣,因此在本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。PartinReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Itwasperhapswhenmyparents—whoalsohappentobemyhousemates—lefttogotravellingforacoupleofmonthsrecentlythatit26onmewhyIhadnotyetleftthefamilyhome.Itwasn'tthatIreliedonthemfor27reasons,ortokeepmylifeinorder,ortoeasethechaosofthehome.Thesedays,Irelyonthemfortheircompany.Imissedcominghomeandtalkingaboutmydayatwork,andImissedbeingabletoreadtheirfacesandsensehowtheirdaywas.Imissedhavingunique28intotinydetailsthatmakealife.Whiletheconversationaboutyoungadultsstayinglongerathomeis29bytalkoflaziness,ofdependence,ofaninabilityforyoungpeopletopullthemselvestogether,30dowetalkoftheway,inmycaseatleast,myrelationshipwithmyparentshas31strengthenedthelongerwehavelivedtogether.Overtheyearsthepowerdynamichaschangedandisnolongerdefinedbyonebeingthegiverandanother,thetaker.So,whatdoesthissayforourrelationshipswithinthefamilyhome?AccordingtopsychologistSabinaRead,therearesomeverypositivepossible32whenadultchildrensharethefamilyhome“，notingthe44parent-childrelationshipmayindeedstrengthenandmature”intheprocess.But,shenotes,astrong33doesn'tsimplycomewithtime."Themanychangingfactorsoftherelationshipneedtobeacknowledged,ratherthanhopingthatthemerepassageoftimewill34connectparentstotheiradultchildren.It'simportanttoacknowledgethattherelationshipparameters2020.9/1(第2套)havechangedtoavoidfallingbackinto35fromtheteenyears.bondI)magicallycontemplatedJ)outcomesdawnedK)patternshierarchyL)rarelyinsightM)saturatedlegislativeN)stereotypesleverageO)undoubtedlylogisticalSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheivformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbynui/rkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowTelemedicineIsTransformingHealthcareAfteryearsofbigpromises,telemedicineisfinallylivinguptoitspotential.Drivenbyfasterinternetconnections,ubiquitous(無(wú)處不在的)smartphonesandchanginginsurancestandards,morehealthprovidersareturningtoelectroniccommunicationstodotheirjobs—andit'sdramaticallychangingthedeliveryofhealthcare.Doctorsarelinkingupwithpatientsbyphone,emailandwebcam(網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭).TheyYealsoconsultingwitheachotherelectronically—sometimestomakesplit-seconddecisionsonheartattacksandstrokes.Patients,meanwhile,areusingnewdevicestorelaytheirbloodpressure,heartrateandothervitalsignstotheirdoctorssotheycanmanagechronicconditionsathome.Telemedicinealsoallowsforbettercareinplaceswheremedicalexpertiseishardtocomeby.Fiveto10timesaday,DoctorsWithoutBordersrelaysquestionsabouttoughcasesfromitsphysiciansinNiger,SouthSudanandelsewheretoitsnetworkof280expertsaroundtheworld,andbackagainviainternet.Asameasureofhowrapidlytelemedicineisspreading,consider:Morethan15millionAmericansreceivedsomekindofmedicalcareremotelylastyear,accordingtotheAmericanTelemedicineAssociation,atradegroup,whichexpectsthosenumberstogrowby30%thisyear.Noneofthisistosaythattelemedicinehasfounditswayintoallcomersofmedicine.Arecentsurveyof500tech-savvy(精通技術(shù)的)consumersfoundthat39%hadn'theardoftelemedicine,andofthosewhohaven'tusedit,42%saidtheypreferredin-persondoctorvisits.Inapollof1500fanulyphysicians,only15%haduseditintheirpractices—but90%saidtheywouldifitwereappropriatelyreimbursed(補(bǔ)償).Whafsmore,foralltherapidgrowth,significantquestionsandchallengesremain.Rulesdefiningandregulatingtelemedicinedifferwidelyfromstatetostate.Physiciansgroupsareissuingdifferentguidelinesaboutwhatcaretheyconsiderappropriatetodeliverandinwhatform.Somecriticsalsoquestionwhetherthequalityofcareiskeepingupwiththerapidexpansionoftelemedicine.Andthere'sthequestionofwhatservicesphysiciansshouldbepaidfor-Insurancecoveragevariesfromhealthplantohealthplan,andabigfederalplancoversonlyanarrowrangeofservices.TelemedicineAfuturewilldependonhow—andwhether—regulators,providers,payersandpatientscanaddressthesechallenges.Here'sacloserlookatsomeoftheseissues:Dopatientstradequalityforconvenience?Thefastest-growingservicesintelemedicineconnectconsumers2020.9/2020.9/5(第2套)2020.9/32020.9/3（第2套）withclinicianstheyVenevermetforaphone,videooremailvisit—on-demand,24/7.Typically,thesearefornonemergencyissuessuchascolds,flu,ear-achesandskinrashes,andtheycostaround$45,comparedwithapproximately$100atadoctor'soffice,$160atanurgent-careclinicor$750andupatanemergencyroom.Manyhealthplansandemployershaverushedtooffertheservicesandpromotethemasaconvenientwayforplanmemberstogetmedicalcarewithoutleavinghomeorwork.Nearlythree-quartersoflargeemployerswilloffervirtualdoctorvisitsasabenefittoemployeesthisyear,upfrom48%lastyear.WebcompaniessuchasTeladocandAmericanWellareexpectedtohostsome1.2millionsuchvirtualdoctorvisitsthisyear,up20%fromlastyear,accordingtotheAmericanTelemedicineAssociation.Butcriticsworrythatsuchservicesmaybesacrificingqualityforconvenience.Consultingarandomdoctorpatientswillnevermeet,theysay,furtherfragmentsthehealth-caresystem,andevenminorissuessuchasupperrespiratory（上呼吸道的）infectionscan'tbethoroughlyevaluatedbyadoctorwhocan'tlistentoyourheartorfeelyourswollenglands.Inarecentstudy,researchersposingaspatientswithskinproblemssoughthelpfrom16telemedicinesites—withunsettlingresults.In62encounters,fewerthanone-thirddisclosedclinicians,credentialorletpatientschoose；only32%discussedpotentialsideeffectsofprescribedmedications.Severalsitesmisdiagnosedseriousconditions,largelybecausetheyfailedtoaskbasicfollow-upquestions,theresearcherssaid.wTelemedicineholdsenormouspromise,butthesesitesarejustnotreadyforprimetime,"saysJackResneck,thestud/sleadauthor.TheAmericanTeleme祖cineAssociationandotherorganizationshavestartedaccreditation（鑒定）programstoidentifytop-qualitytelemedicinesites.TheAmericanMedicalAssociationthismonthapprovednewethicalguidelinesfortelemedicine,callingforparticipatingdoctorstorecognizethelimitationsofsuchservicesandensurethattheyhavesufficientinformationtomakeclinicalrecommendations.K）Whopaysfortheservices?Whileemployersandhealthplanshavebeeneagertocovervirtualurgent-carevisits,insurershavebeenfarlesswillingtopayfortelemedicinewhendoctorsusephone,emailorvideotoconsultwithexistingpatientsaboutcontinuingissues."It'sveryhardtogetpaidunlessyouphysicallyseethepatient,”saysPeterRasmussen,medicaldirectorofdistancehealthattheClevelandClinic.Some32stateshavepassed“parity”（等同的）lawsrequiringprivateinsurerstoreimbursedoctorsforservicesdeliveredremotelyifthesameservicewouldbecoveredinperson,thoughnotnecessarilyatthesamerateorfrequency.Medicarelagsfurtherbehind.Thefederalhealthplanfortheelderlycoversasmallnumberoftelemedicineservices—onlyforbeneficiariesinruralareasandonlywhentheservicesarereceivedinahospital,doctorsofficeorclinic.BillstoexpandMedicarecoverageoftelemedicinehavebipartisan（兩黨的）supportinCongress.Opponentswonythatsuchexpansionwouldbecostlyfortaxpayers,butadvocatessayitwouldsavemoneyinthelongrun.Expertssaymorehospitalsarelikelytoinvestintelemedicinesystemsastheymoveawayfromfee-for-servicepaymentsandintomanaged-care-typecontractsthatgivethemasetfeetoprovidecareforpatientsandallowthemtokeepanysavingstheyachieve.Isthestate-by-stateregulatorysystemoutdated?Historically,regulationofmedicinehasbeenlefttoindividualstates.Butsomeindustrymemberscontendthathaving50differentsetsofrules,licensingfeesandevendefinitionsof“medicalpracticeMmakeslesssenseintheeraoftelemedicineandishamperingitsgrowth.Currently,doctorsmusthaveavalidlicenseinthestatewherethepatientislocatedtoprovidemedicalcare,whichmeansvirtual-visitcompaniescanmatchusersonlywithlocallylicensedclinicians.Italsocausesadministrativehassles(麻煩)forworld-classmedicalcentersthatattractpatientsfromacrossthecountry.AttheMayoClinic,doctorswhotreatout-of-statepatientscanfollowupwiththemviaphone,emailorwebchatswhentheyreturnhome,buttheycanonlydiscusstheconditionstheytreatedinperson."Ifthepatientwantstotalkaboutanewproblem,thedoctorhastobelicensedinthatstatetodiscussit.Ifnot,thepatientshouldtalktohisprimary-carephysicianaboutit,"saysSteveOmmen,whorunsMayo'sConnectedCareprogram.Todate,17stateshavejoinedacompactthatwillallowadoctorlicensedinonememberstatetoquicklyobtainalicenseinanother.Whilewelcomingthemove,sometelemedicineadvocateswouldpreferstatestoautomaticallyhonoroneanother'slicenses,astheydowithdrivers'licenses.Butstatesaren'tlikelytosurrendercontrolofmedicalpractice,andmostareconsideringnewregulations.Thisyear,morethan200telemedicine-relatedbillshavebeenintroducedin42states,manyregardingwhatservicesMedicaidwillcoverandwhetherpayersshouldreimburseforremotepatientmonitoring."Alotofstatesarestilltryingtodefinetelemedicine,msaysLisaRobbin,chiefadvocacyofficerfortheFederationofStateMedicalBoards.Anoverwhelmingmajorityoffamilyphysiciansarewillingtousetelemedicineiftheyaredulypaid.Manyemployersareeagertoprovidetelemedicineserviceasabenefittotheiremployeesbecauseofitsconvenience.Differentstateshavemarkedlydifferentregulationsfortelemedicine.Withtelemedicine,patientsinregionsshortofprofessionalmedicalserviceareabletoreceivebettermedicalcare.Unlikeemployersandhealthplans,insurershavebeenratherreluctanttopayforsometelemedicineservices.Somesupportersoftelemedicinehopestateswillaccepteachothefsmedicalpracticelicensesasvalid.Thefastestgrowingareafortelemedicineservicesisforlesserhealthproblems.Astelemedicinespreadsquickly,someofitsopponentsdoubtwhetheritsservicequalitycanbeguaranteed.Theresultsobtainedbyresearcherswhopretendedtobepatientsseekinghelpfromtelemedicineprovidersaredisturbing.Somepeoplearguethatthefactthatdifferentstateshavedifferentregulationsconcerningmedicalserviceshindersthedevelopmentoftelemedicine.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.DanielleSteel,the71-year-oldromancenovelistisnotoriouslyproductive,havingpublished1792020.9/4(第2套)booksatarateofuptosevenayear.ButapassingreferenceinarecentprofilebyGlamourmagazinetoher20-hourworkdayspromptedanoutpouringofadmiration.Steelhasgiventhat20-hourfigurewhendescribingher“exhausting"processinthepast："Istartthebookanddon'tleavemydeskuntilthefirstdraftisfinished."Shegoesfrombed,todesk,tobath,tobed,avoidingallcontactasidefromphonecallswithherninechildren.4<Idon'tcombmyhairforweeks,"shesays.Mealsarebroughttoherdesk,whereshetypesuntilherfingersswellandhernailsbleed.ThebusinessnewswebsiteQuartzheldSteelupasaninspiration,writingthatifonlyweallfollowedher"actuallyextremelyliberating"exampleofindustrioussleeplessness,wewouldbequicktoseeresults.Well,indeed.Withresearchresultsshowingthecumulativeeffectsofsleeplossanditsimpactonproductivity,doubthasbeenvoicedabouttheaccuracyofSteeFsself-assessment.Heroutputmaybeundeniable,butscepticshavesuggestedthatsheisguiltyoferasingtheroleofghostwriters(代筆人)atworst,grossexaggerationatbest.Steelsaysworking20hoursadayisprettybrutalphysically."Butisitevenpossible?"No,nsaysMaiyanneTayloroftheSleepWorks.Whileyoucouldworkthatlong,theimpactonproductivitywouldmakeithardlyworthwhile.IfSteelwasroutinelysleepingforfourhoursanight,shewouldbedrasticallyunderestimatingthenegativeimpact,saysAlisonGardiner,founderofthesleepimprovementprogrammeSleepstation."It'sakintobeingdrunk.“It'spossiblethatSteelisexaggeratingthedemandsofherschedule.Self-imposedsleeplessnesshasMbecomeabitofastatussymbol”，saysTaylor,amisguidedmeasuretoprovehowpowerfulandproductiveyouare.MargaretThatcherwasalsosaidtogetbyonfourhoursanight,whilethe130-hourworkweeksenduredbytechheadshasbeenheldupaskeytotheirsuccess.Thatisstartingtochangewithincreasedawarenessoftheimportanceofsleepformentalhealth.mPeoplearestartingtorealisethatsleepshouldnotbesomethingthatyoufitinbetweeneveiythingelse/*saysTaylor.Butitispossible—ifstatisticallyextremelyunlikely—thatSteelcouldbeboma"shortsleepermwithanunusualbodyclock,sayssleepexpertDr.SophieBostock."It'sprobablypresentinfewerthan1%ofthepopulation."EvenifSteeldoeshappentobeamongthattinyminority,saysBostock,it'smprettyirresponsiblemtosuggestthat20-hourdaysaresimplyaquestionofdisciplinefortherestofus.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutGlamourmagazinereaders?TheyareintriguedbytheexoticromanceinDanielleSteeFsnovels.TheyareamazedbythenumberofbookswrittenbyDanielleSteel.TheyaredeeplyimpressedbyDanielleSteeFsdailyworkschedule.TheyarehighlymotivatedbyDanielleSteeFsunusualproductivity.WhatdidthebusinessnewswebsiteQuartzsayaboutDanielleSteel?Shecouldserveasanexampleofindustriousness.Sheprovedwecouldliberateourselvesfromsleep.Shecouldbeaninspirationtonovelistsallovertheworld.Sheshowedwecouldgetallourworkdonewithoutsleep.WhatdoscepticsthinkofDanielleSteeFsworkscheduleclaims?Theyarequestionable.C)Theyareirresistible.Theyarealterable.D)Theyareverifiable.WhatdoesMaryanneTaylorthinkofself-imposedsleeplessness?Itmayturnouttobekeytoasuccessfulcareer.Itmaybepracticedonlybycertaintechheads.Itmaysymboliseone'simportanceandsuccess.Itmaywellserveasameasureofself-discipline.HowdoesDr.SophieBostocklookatthe20-hourdailyworkschedule?Oneshouldnotadoptitwithoutconsultingasleepexpert.Thegeneralpublicshouldnotbeencouragedtofollowit.Onemustbedulyself-disciplinedtoadheretoit.Themajoritymustadjusttheirbodyclockforit.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OrganicagricultureisarelativelyuntappedresourceforfeedingtheEarth'spopulation,especiallyinthefaceofclimatechangeandotherglobalchaUenges.ThafstheconclusionIreachedinreviewing40yearsofsciencecomparingthelong-termprospectsoforganicandconventionalfanning.Thereviewstudy,uOrganicAgricultureinthe21stCentury,,,isfeaturedasthecoverstotyfortheFebruaryissueofthejournalNaturePlants.ItisthefirsttocompareorganicandconventionalagricultureacrossthemaingoalsofsustainabilityidentifiedbytheNationalAcademyofSciences:productivity,economics,andenvironment.Criticshavelongarguedthatorganicagricultureisinefficient,requiringmorelandtoyieldthesameamountoffood.Ifstruethatorganicfanningproducesloweryields,averaging10to20percentlessthanconventional.Advocatescontendthattheenvironmentaladvantagesoforganicagriculturefaroutweightheloweryields,andthatincreasingresearchandbreedingresourcesfororganicsystemswouldreducetheyieldgap.Sometimesexcludedfromtheseargumentsisthefactthatwealreadyproduceenoughfoodtomorethanfeedtheworld's7.4billionpeoplebutdonotprovideadequateaccesstoallindividualsInsomecases,organicyieldscanbehigherthanconventional.Forexample,inseveredroughtconditions,whichareexpectedtoincreasewithclimatechangeinmanyareas,organicfarmscanproduceasgood,ifnotbetter,yieldsbecauseofthehigherwater-holdingcapacityoforganicallyfarmedsoils.WhatsciencedoesteUusisthatmainstreamconventionalfanningsystemshaveprovidedgrowingsuppliesoffoodandotherproductsbutoftenattheexpenseofothersustainabilitygoalsConventionalagriculturemayproducemorefood,butitoftencomesatacosttotheenvironment.Biodiversityloss,environmentaldegradation,andsevereimpactsonecosystemserviceshavenotonlyaccompaniedconventionalfanningsystemsbuthaveoftenextendedweUbeyondtheirfieldboundaries.Withorganicagriculture,environmentalcoststendtobelowerandthebenefitsgreaterOverall,organicfarmstendtostoremoresoUcarbon,havebettersoUquality,andreducesoilerosioncomparedtotheirconventionalcounterparts.Organicagriculturealsocreateslesssoilandwaterpollutionandlowergreenhousegasemissions.Andit'smoreenergy-eScientbecauseitdoesn'trelyonsyntheticfertilizersorpesticides.Organicagricultureisalsoassociatedwithgreaterbiodiversityofplants,animalsinsectsandmicroorganismsasweUasgeneticdiversity.Biodiversityincreasestheservicesthatnatur