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(完滿word版)高中英語語法(時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài))(完滿word版)高中英語語法(時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài))(完滿word版)高中英語語法(時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài))s
高中英語語法(時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài))
一.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
時(shí)態(tài)是謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各樣形式。英語動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài),
可是常有的只有九種:一般此刻時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般未來時(shí)、此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、
此刻達(dá)成時(shí)、過去達(dá)成時(shí)、過去未來時(shí)、此刻達(dá)成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
(一)一般此刻時(shí)(do/does)
1.詳細(xì)用法
表示常常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作
Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.我們老是互有關(guān)懷相互幫助。
Hegoestoschooleveryday.
表示此刻的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)
Heisveryhappy.
Doyousing?----Alittle.
表示廣泛真諦
Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光速比聲速快。
Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.行動(dòng)賽過語言。
*常與一般此刻時(shí)態(tài)連用的詞或短語主要有:often,usually,sometimes,everyday,everymorning/afternoon,onSundays/weekends等等。
IoftengotothecinemaonSundays.我常常禮拜天去看電影。
Hegoestoworkearlyeveryday.他每日上班很早。
(二)一般過去時(shí)(did)
1)表示過去某一特準(zhǔn)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的、可達(dá)成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與表示的確過去時(shí)間的詞、短語或從句連用。比方:
Wewenttothepictureslastnightandsawaveryinterestingfilm.
2)表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。比方:
Healwayswenttoclasslast.
Iusedtodomyhomeworkinthelibrary.
(三)一般未來時(shí)(will/shalldo)
1)表示未來打算進(jìn)行或希望發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。比方:
Ishallgraduatenextyear.
2)一般未來時(shí)有時(shí)可以表示一種偏向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。如
Cropswilldiewithoutwater.
Youwon’tsucceedwithouttheirsupport.
幾種代替形式:
*begoingto+v在口語中廣泛使用,表示準(zhǔn)備做或?qū)l(fā)生的事情。比方:
I'mgoingtobuyahousewhenwe'vesavedenoughmoney.
*beto+v表示計(jì)劃安排要做的事,擁有"必需"的強(qiáng)迫性意義。比方:
Iamtoplaytennisthisafternoon.
*beaboutto+v表示馬上發(fā)生的事情。比方:
Hewasabouttostart.
*bedueto+v表示開初確立了的事,必定發(fā)生的事。比方:
Thetrainisduetodepartintenminutes.
5)少量動(dòng)詞如:begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等的一般此刻時(shí)
可用來表示未來的動(dòng)作。(多用來表示按計(jì)劃開初安排好馬上發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,句中平常還有一個(gè)表示未來的時(shí)間狀語)。比方:
Themeetingbeginsatseven.
ss
Thetrainstartsatnineinthemorning.
(四)此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)(is/aredoing)
1)表示此刻某時(shí)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的詞組
是now,rightnow,atthemother,forthetimebeing,forthepresent,或某個(gè)詳細(xì)的時(shí)間(幾點(diǎn)鐘)。
Heiswritingaletternow.
SheisvisitingBeijingthisweek.
2)有時(shí)用來代替一般此刻時(shí)態(tài),表示一個(gè)常常性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),這時(shí)是為了表示一種感情(如贊美,討厭,滿意,不滿等)
Heisalwaysthinkingofhiswork.(表示贊同)
Theboyisalwaystalkinginclass.(表示不滿)
有時(shí)用來表示一個(gè)在近來按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(這時(shí)多有一個(gè)表示未來的時(shí)間的狀語)
WeareleavingonFriday.我們禮拜五出發(fā)。
Howmanyofyouarecomingtotheparty?
(五)此刻達(dá)成時(shí)(have/hasdone)
(1)此刻達(dá)成時(shí)用來表示對(duì)當(dāng)前狀況仍有影響的,剛剛達(dá)成的動(dòng)作(常與yet,already,
just連用),或許過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的,連續(xù)到此刻的狀況(常與for,since連用)。比方:
Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.
Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.
(2)常與此刻達(dá)成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有:since,for,during,over等指引出的短語;副詞
already,yet,just,ever,now,before,often,lately,recently等;狀語詞組thisweek(morning,month,year),sofar,uptonow,manytimes,uptothepresent等。比方:
Sofar,shehasn'tenjoyedthesummervacation.
Therehavebeenalotofchangessince1978.
(3)達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)可用在以下構(gòu)造中:
*This(That,It)is(was)thefirst(second...)time+定語從句;*This(That,It)is(was)theonly(last)+n+定語從句;*This(That,It)is(was)+形容詞最高等+n+定語從句。
假如主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般此刻時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞平常用此刻達(dá)成時(shí);假如主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞平常用過去達(dá)成時(shí)。比方:
1)Thisisoneoftherarestquestionsthathaveeverbeenraisedatsuchameeting.
2)Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeonehadinterruptedmethat
evening.
(六)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/weredoing)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生后,另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,或表示
過去頻頻的習(xí)慣,常與always,continually,constantly等動(dòng)詞連用。比方:
1)Wewerediscussingthematterwhentheheadmasterentered.
2)WheneverIvisitedhim,hewasalwayswritingatthedesk.
(七)過去達(dá)成時(shí)(haddone)
(1)表示過去某時(shí)間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀況,這個(gè)過去的時(shí)間可以用by,before等介詞
短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示;或許表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過去動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)達(dá)成。比方:
1)WehadjusthadourbreakfastwhenTomcamein.
2)Bytheendoflastyeartheyhadturnedout5,000bicycles.
(2)動(dòng)詞expect,hope,mean,intend,plan,suppose,wish,want,desire等用過去達(dá)成時(shí),表示
過去的希望、預(yù)期、企圖或夢(mèng)想等沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。比方:
Ihadmeanttotakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn'tabletogetaway.
其他兩種表示"過去想做而未做的事"的表達(dá)方式是:
1)was/were+tohavedonesth,比方:ss
Weweretohavecomeyesterday,butwecouldn't.
2)intended(expected,hope,meant,planned,supposed,wished,wanted,desired)+tohave
donesth,如:
Imeanttohavetoldyouaboutit,butIforgottodoso.
(3)去達(dá)成常用于以下固定句型:
1)hardly,scarcely,barely+去達(dá)成+when+去。比方:
HardlyhadIgotonthebuswhenitstartedtomove.
2)nosooner+去達(dá)成+than+去。比方:
NosoonerhadIgoneoutthanhecametoseeme.
3)by(theendof)+去,主句頂用去達(dá)成。比方:
Theexperimenthadbeenfinishedby4o'clockyesterdayafternoon.
(八)一般去未來
一般去未來的形式
Should/would+原形
was/were+-ing形式
一般去未來常用于從句中,其主的去,可表示從去某看來將要生的事情,如:
Hesaidthathewouldspeakatthemeeting.
Hewassixty-eight.Intwoyearshewouldbeseventy.
(九)在達(dá)成行(has/havebeendoing)
在達(dá)成行表示去某一刻以前開始的作或狀向來延到去某一刻。比方:
Ihavebeenlookingformylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaven'tfoundit.
運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要注意的幾個(gè)問題
(一)在和條件等狀從句中不要用未來,如
We’llgivehimthebookifhewantsit.
Hedecidedtofightbackifhewashitagain.
I’llcallyouassoonasI’vefinishedmywork.
(二)的一致(的呼),如
Wesawthatthesmokewascomingfromawindow.
Ididn’tknowifshewouldcome.
Headmittedthathehadbeenonthemarch.
不可以整的狀況:
1)從句的是一種廣泛真諦,如:
Longago,peopledidn’tknowthemovesearthroundthesun.
2)當(dāng)從句的改成去可能造成會(huì),如
Didhesaythatthetrainleavesat5:30?
(三)瞬在達(dá)成中的使用,如:
:Ihavereceivedherletterforthreemonths.
正:Ireceivedherletterthreemonthsago.
正:ItisthreemonthssinceIreceivedherletter.
(四)注意某些要求必定的句型
*was/weredoingsth.when?didsth.
Iwasreadingabookwhenthebellrang
*was/wereabouttodosth.when?didsth.
Wewereabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.
Shewasabouttogooutwhenitstartedtorain
表示做事做了第幾次或共幾次,要用達(dá)成,如:
It’sthefirsttimeI’veseenher.ss
Wehavebeentherethreetimes.
*Itis/hasbeen?since?
Itis(hasbeen)twoweekssinceIcamehere.
Shesaiditwasfivehourssinceshehadfinishedherwork.
*hardly?when?
Wehadhardlygotinthecropswhenitbegantorain.
Hardlyhadwegotinthecropswhenitbegantorain.
*nosooner?than?
Ihadnosoonercomeintotheroomthanthedoorwasclosed.
NosoonerhadIcomeintotheroomthanthedoorwasclosed.
二.動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)
也是的一種形式,英有兩種:主和被。主表示主是作的行者,而被表示主是作的承受者。
1)Weuseelectricitytorunmachines.(主)
2)Electricityisusedtorunmachines.(被)
1.不可以用于被的和短
1)在英中,不及物不可以用于被,但有些不及物(包含短)簡(jiǎn)單
惹起用。如:appear,belong,belong,die,escape,fall,happen,last,remain,succeed,occur,
cometrue,takeplace,consistof。
(2)某些表示狀或特點(diǎn)的及物,如:become,contain,cost,fit,have,resemble,suit也沒有被。
2.被的形式
常用的被有下表所列的幾種形式。一般行達(dá)成在amaskedambeingaskedisaskedisbeingaskedareaskedarebeingasked去wasbeaskedwasbeingaskedwerebeaskedwerebeingasked未來shallbeaskedshallhavebeenaskedwillbeaskedwillhavebeenasked去shouldbeaskedshouldhavebeenasked未來wouldbeaskedwouldhavebeenasked3.短的被
短被,平常被看作是一個(gè),后邊的介或副不可以打開或省略。比方:
1)Sofarnocorrectconclusionhasarrivedat.
2)Alltherubbishshouldbegotridof.
4."get+-ed分"的被
"get+-ed分"構(gòu)作的果,而非作自己,常用來表示突性的,猜想之外的有時(shí)局件。比方:
Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.
其他,"get+-ed分"可用于自己做的事,是主的行而不是被的行。
比方:
getdressed(穿衣服)getdivorced(離婚)
getengaged(婚)getconfused(大惑不解)
getlost(迷路)getwashed(洗)
getmarried(婚)
5.被與系表構(gòu)的區(qū)ss
1)Thenovelwaswellwritten.(系表構(gòu))
2)ThenovelwaswrittenbyDiskens.(被)
6.不可以用于被的及物,如:have,fit,hold,lack,cost?Ihaveacomputer.
Thehallcanhold200people.
主性式表被意
①當(dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后邊接形容;當(dāng)cut、read、sell、wear、
write等狀修;當(dāng)表示“開始、束、關(guān)、停、、啟”等意。
Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.種布易洗。
Thesenovelswon’tsellwell些.小不。
Mypenwritessmoothly.我的筆寫起來很流。
Thedoorwon’tlock.不上。
Thefishsmellsgood.起來香。
②當(dāng)breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等表示“生、關(guān)、制定”等意思。
Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.
Thelampsonthewallturnoff.
want,require,need后邊的名用主表示被含。
④beworthdoing用主形式表示被含。
⑤在“be+形容+todo中”,不定式的是句子的主,用主代被。
Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.
Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.
其他:betoblame(受),betorent(出租)也用主形式表被。
Choosetherightanswer
1.They_____friendssincetheymetinShanghai.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.havehad2.Thesecretaryisgoingtoreporttothemanagerassoonashe______.A.willarriveB.arrivesC.isgoingtoarriveD.isarriving3.Weallknowthatice______.A.feelcoldB.isfeltsoldC.isfeelingcoldD.feelscold4.---Thiscloth_____welland_____long.---OK.I’lltakeit.A.washes;lastsB.iswashed;lastedC.washes,islastedD.iswashing,lasting5.Helen_____herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome6.It_____everydaysofarthisweek.A.israiningB.rainedC.rainsD.hasbeenraining---Areyougoingtothemoviestonight?
Yes,I______myworkbythattime.
A.willfinishB.finishC.amgoingtofinishD.willhavefinished
---WasthedrivingpleasantwhenyouvacationedinMexicolastsummer?
No,it_____forfourdayswhenwearrived,sotheroadswereverymuddy.
A.wasrainingB.wouldberainingC.hadbeenrainingD.hasrained
9.Youwon’tknowifthecoatfitsyouuntilyou_____iton.ss
A.willtryB.aretryingC.triedD.havetried10.Mydictionary_______,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill_______.A.haslost;don’tfindB.ismissing;don’tfindC.haslost;haven’tfoundD.ismissing;haven’tfound11.---Howlong______eachotherbeforethey_____married?---Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;getB.didtheyknow;weregoingtogetC.dotheyknow;aregoingtogetD.hadtheyknown;got12.---Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.---Oh,howniceofyou.I_____you_____tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didn’tthink;aregoingD.hadn’tthought;weregoing13.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMary_______foralmostanhour.A.hadgoneB.hadsetoffC.hadleftD.hadbeenaway14---I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.I______hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.will15.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_______andslotofthings______.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen---Haveyoumovedintothehouse?
Notyet.Therooms________.
A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting
Ifthecitynoises_______fromincreasing,people______shouttobeheardatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.
A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;haveto
C.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep,haveto
---________thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.
Yes,italldependsontheweather.
A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Iwastold
19.Idon’tthinkimsawJme;he______intospace.
A.juststared(凝望)B.wasjuststaring
C.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared
20.---_______myglasses?
---Yes,I_______themonyourbedaminuteago.
A.Doyousee;sawB.Hadyouseen;haveseen
C.Haveyouseen;sawD.Wouldyousee;saw
---Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation;itwassonear.
---Yes.Ataxi_______atallnecessary.
A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbe
---WhoisJerryCooper?
______?Isawyoushakehandswithhimatthemeeting.
A.Don’tyoumeethimyetB.Hadn’tyoumethimyet
C.Didn’tyoumeethimyetD.Haven’tyoumethimyetss
---Nancyisnotcomingtonight.
---Butshe_______!
A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised24._______itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave25.Itisclearthathispooreducation_______himback.A.hasbeenheldB.isholdingC.willbeheldD.hadheld---HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?
I____yet,butI______takingatrain.
A.haven’tdecided;amconsideringB.haven’tdecided,consider
C.didn’tdecided;amconsideringD.hadn’tdecided;haveconsidered
27.ThepenI_______I_______isonmydesk,rightundermynose.
A.think,loseB.thought,hadlostC.think,hadlostD.thought,havelost
---Haveyouheardaboutthenewschool?
---No,whenandwheretobuildthenewone_______yet.
A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasn’tdecidedD.haven’tdecided29.---Sorry,I’mlate.---That’sOK.I_____long.A.haven’twaitedB.don’twaitC.haven’tbeenwaitingD.didn’twait30.---Nancysatinthefrontseatontheleftsideoftheclassroom.---Oh!Ithoughtshe______intheback.A.willsitB.hadsatC.issittingD.hassat31.I______myfacewhensuddenlysomeone______atthedoor.A.washed,knockedB.washed,wasknockingC.waswashing,wasknockingD.waswashing,knocked32.I______atthestationhalfanhourago,butthetrain_____yet.A.arrived,hadn’tcomeB.wasarriving,hadnme’tcoC.arrived,hasn’tcomeD.hadarrived,didn’tcome33.---Whydidyoucomebytaxi?---MycarbrokedownlastweekandIstill_______itrepaired.A.haven’thadB.didn’thaveC.don’thaveD.won’thaveI’msurprisedtofindyouherelookingwellandplayingtennis,Jim.Annsaidthatyou_____
sick.
A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.hadbeen
35.Theprice_________,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.
A.wentdownB.willgodownC.hasgonedoneD.wasgoingdown
36.---DidyougotoQingdaoforvacationlastAugust?
---I_______togo,butIgotsickatthelastminute.
A.wasplanningB.hadbeenplanningC.plannedD.haveplanned
37.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinmylife_____sohappy.
A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt
---Howareyoutoday?
---Oh,I________asillasIdonowforaverylongtime.
A.didn’tfeelB.wasn’tfeelingC.don’tfeelD.haven’tfeltss
39.ThereportersaidtheUFO______easttowestwhenhesawit.
A.wastravellingB.travelledC.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravel
40.---Ithinkthatyouneed______practiceonplayingtheviolin.
---______violinlessonseverytwoweeks,butIthinkI’llmakeiteveryweekfromnowon.
A.less;Iha
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