高中英語語法(時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài))_第1頁
高中英語語法(時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài))_第2頁
高中英語語法(時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài))_第3頁
高中英語語法(時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài))_第4頁
高中英語語法(時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài))_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩7頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

(完滿word版)高中英語語法(時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài))(完滿word版)高中英語語法(時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài))(完滿word版)高中英語語法(時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài))s

高中英語語法(時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài))

一.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

時(shí)態(tài)是謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各樣形式。英語動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài),

可是常有的只有九種:一般此刻時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般未來時(shí)、此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、

此刻達(dá)成時(shí)、過去達(dá)成時(shí)、過去未來時(shí)、此刻達(dá)成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

(一)一般此刻時(shí)(do/does)

1.詳細(xì)用法

表示常常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作

Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.我們老是互有關(guān)懷相互幫助。

Hegoestoschooleveryday.

表示此刻的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)

Heisveryhappy.

Doyousing?----Alittle.

表示廣泛真諦

Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光速比聲速快。

Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.行動(dòng)賽過語言。

*常與一般此刻時(shí)態(tài)連用的詞或短語主要有:often,usually,sometimes,everyday,everymorning/afternoon,onSundays/weekends等等。

IoftengotothecinemaonSundays.我常常禮拜天去看電影。

Hegoestoworkearlyeveryday.他每日上班很早。

(二)一般過去時(shí)(did)

1)表示過去某一特準(zhǔn)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的、可達(dá)成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與表示的確過去時(shí)間的詞、短語或從句連用。比方:

Wewenttothepictureslastnightandsawaveryinterestingfilm.

2)表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。比方:

Healwayswenttoclasslast.

Iusedtodomyhomeworkinthelibrary.

(三)一般未來時(shí)(will/shalldo)

1)表示未來打算進(jìn)行或希望發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。比方:

Ishallgraduatenextyear.

2)一般未來時(shí)有時(shí)可以表示一種偏向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。如

Cropswilldiewithoutwater.

Youwon’tsucceedwithouttheirsupport.

幾種代替形式:

*begoingto+v在口語中廣泛使用,表示準(zhǔn)備做或?qū)l(fā)生的事情。比方:

I'mgoingtobuyahousewhenwe'vesavedenoughmoney.

*beto+v表示計(jì)劃安排要做的事,擁有"必需"的強(qiáng)迫性意義。比方:

Iamtoplaytennisthisafternoon.

*beaboutto+v表示馬上發(fā)生的事情。比方:

Hewasabouttostart.

*bedueto+v表示開初確立了的事,必定發(fā)生的事。比方:

Thetrainisduetodepartintenminutes.

5)少量動(dòng)詞如:begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等的一般此刻時(shí)

可用來表示未來的動(dòng)作。(多用來表示按計(jì)劃開初安排好馬上發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,句中平常還有一個(gè)表示未來的時(shí)間狀語)。比方:

Themeetingbeginsatseven.

ss

Thetrainstartsatnineinthemorning.

(四)此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)(is/aredoing)

1)表示此刻某時(shí)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的詞組

是now,rightnow,atthemother,forthetimebeing,forthepresent,或某個(gè)詳細(xì)的時(shí)間(幾點(diǎn)鐘)。

Heiswritingaletternow.

SheisvisitingBeijingthisweek.

2)有時(shí)用來代替一般此刻時(shí)態(tài),表示一個(gè)常常性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),這時(shí)是為了表示一種感情(如贊美,討厭,滿意,不滿等)

Heisalwaysthinkingofhiswork.(表示贊同)

Theboyisalwaystalkinginclass.(表示不滿)

有時(shí)用來表示一個(gè)在近來按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(這時(shí)多有一個(gè)表示未來的時(shí)間的狀語)

WeareleavingonFriday.我們禮拜五出發(fā)。

Howmanyofyouarecomingtotheparty?

(五)此刻達(dá)成時(shí)(have/hasdone)

(1)此刻達(dá)成時(shí)用來表示對(duì)當(dāng)前狀況仍有影響的,剛剛達(dá)成的動(dòng)作(常與yet,already,

just連用),或許過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的,連續(xù)到此刻的狀況(常與for,since連用)。比方:

Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.

Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.

(2)常與此刻達(dá)成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有:since,for,during,over等指引出的短語;副詞

already,yet,just,ever,now,before,often,lately,recently等;狀語詞組thisweek(morning,month,year),sofar,uptonow,manytimes,uptothepresent等。比方:

Sofar,shehasn'tenjoyedthesummervacation.

Therehavebeenalotofchangessince1978.

(3)達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)可用在以下構(gòu)造中:

*This(That,It)is(was)thefirst(second...)time+定語從句;*This(That,It)is(was)theonly(last)+n+定語從句;*This(That,It)is(was)+形容詞最高等+n+定語從句。

假如主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般此刻時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞平常用此刻達(dá)成時(shí);假如主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞平常用過去達(dá)成時(shí)。比方:

1)Thisisoneoftherarestquestionsthathaveeverbeenraisedatsuchameeting.

2)Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeonehadinterruptedmethat

evening.

(六)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/weredoing)

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生后,另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,或表示

過去頻頻的習(xí)慣,常與always,continually,constantly等動(dòng)詞連用。比方:

1)Wewerediscussingthematterwhentheheadmasterentered.

2)WheneverIvisitedhim,hewasalwayswritingatthedesk.

(七)過去達(dá)成時(shí)(haddone)

(1)表示過去某時(shí)間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀況,這個(gè)過去的時(shí)間可以用by,before等介詞

短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示;或許表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過去動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)達(dá)成。比方:

1)WehadjusthadourbreakfastwhenTomcamein.

2)Bytheendoflastyeartheyhadturnedout5,000bicycles.

(2)動(dòng)詞expect,hope,mean,intend,plan,suppose,wish,want,desire等用過去達(dá)成時(shí),表示

過去的希望、預(yù)期、企圖或夢(mèng)想等沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。比方:

Ihadmeanttotakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn'tabletogetaway.

其他兩種表示"過去想做而未做的事"的表達(dá)方式是:

1)was/were+tohavedonesth,比方:ss

Weweretohavecomeyesterday,butwecouldn't.

2)intended(expected,hope,meant,planned,supposed,wished,wanted,desired)+tohave

donesth,如:

Imeanttohavetoldyouaboutit,butIforgottodoso.

(3)去達(dá)成常用于以下固定句型:

1)hardly,scarcely,barely+去達(dá)成+when+去。比方:

HardlyhadIgotonthebuswhenitstartedtomove.

2)nosooner+去達(dá)成+than+去。比方:

NosoonerhadIgoneoutthanhecametoseeme.

3)by(theendof)+去,主句頂用去達(dá)成。比方:

Theexperimenthadbeenfinishedby4o'clockyesterdayafternoon.

(八)一般去未來

一般去未來的形式

Should/would+原形

was/were+-ing形式

一般去未來常用于從句中,其主的去,可表示從去某看來將要生的事情,如:

Hesaidthathewouldspeakatthemeeting.

Hewassixty-eight.Intwoyearshewouldbeseventy.

(九)在達(dá)成行(has/havebeendoing)

在達(dá)成行表示去某一刻以前開始的作或狀向來延到去某一刻。比方:

Ihavebeenlookingformylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaven'tfoundit.

運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要注意的幾個(gè)問題

(一)在和條件等狀從句中不要用未來,如

We’llgivehimthebookifhewantsit.

Hedecidedtofightbackifhewashitagain.

I’llcallyouassoonasI’vefinishedmywork.

(二)的一致(的呼),如

Wesawthatthesmokewascomingfromawindow.

Ididn’tknowifshewouldcome.

Headmittedthathehadbeenonthemarch.

不可以整的狀況:

1)從句的是一種廣泛真諦,如:

Longago,peopledidn’tknowthemovesearthroundthesun.

2)當(dāng)從句的改成去可能造成會(huì),如

Didhesaythatthetrainleavesat5:30?

(三)瞬在達(dá)成中的使用,如:

:Ihavereceivedherletterforthreemonths.

正:Ireceivedherletterthreemonthsago.

正:ItisthreemonthssinceIreceivedherletter.

(四)注意某些要求必定的句型

*was/weredoingsth.when?didsth.

Iwasreadingabookwhenthebellrang

*was/wereabouttodosth.when?didsth.

Wewereabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.

Shewasabouttogooutwhenitstartedtorain

表示做事做了第幾次或共幾次,要用達(dá)成,如:

It’sthefirsttimeI’veseenher.ss

Wehavebeentherethreetimes.

*Itis/hasbeen?since?

Itis(hasbeen)twoweekssinceIcamehere.

Shesaiditwasfivehourssinceshehadfinishedherwork.

*hardly?when?

Wehadhardlygotinthecropswhenitbegantorain.

Hardlyhadwegotinthecropswhenitbegantorain.

*nosooner?than?

Ihadnosoonercomeintotheroomthanthedoorwasclosed.

NosoonerhadIcomeintotheroomthanthedoorwasclosed.

二.動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)

也是的一種形式,英有兩種:主和被。主表示主是作的行者,而被表示主是作的承受者。

1)Weuseelectricitytorunmachines.(主)

2)Electricityisusedtorunmachines.(被)

1.不可以用于被的和短

1)在英中,不及物不可以用于被,但有些不及物(包含短)簡(jiǎn)單

惹起用。如:appear,belong,belong,die,escape,fall,happen,last,remain,succeed,occur,

cometrue,takeplace,consistof。

(2)某些表示狀或特點(diǎn)的及物,如:become,contain,cost,fit,have,resemble,suit也沒有被。

2.被的形式

常用的被有下表所列的幾種形式。一般行達(dá)成在amaskedambeingaskedisaskedisbeingaskedareaskedarebeingasked去wasbeaskedwasbeingaskedwerebeaskedwerebeingasked未來shallbeaskedshallhavebeenaskedwillbeaskedwillhavebeenasked去shouldbeaskedshouldhavebeenasked未來wouldbeaskedwouldhavebeenasked3.短的被

短被,平常被看作是一個(gè),后邊的介或副不可以打開或省略。比方:

1)Sofarnocorrectconclusionhasarrivedat.

2)Alltherubbishshouldbegotridof.

4."get+-ed分"的被

"get+-ed分"構(gòu)作的果,而非作自己,常用來表示突性的,猜想之外的有時(shí)局件。比方:

Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.

其他,"get+-ed分"可用于自己做的事,是主的行而不是被的行。

比方:

getdressed(穿衣服)getdivorced(離婚)

getengaged(婚)getconfused(大惑不解)

getlost(迷路)getwashed(洗)

getmarried(婚)

5.被與系表構(gòu)的區(qū)ss

1)Thenovelwaswellwritten.(系表構(gòu))

2)ThenovelwaswrittenbyDiskens.(被)

6.不可以用于被的及物,如:have,fit,hold,lack,cost?Ihaveacomputer.

Thehallcanhold200people.

主性式表被意

①當(dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后邊接形容;當(dāng)cut、read、sell、wear、

write等狀修;當(dāng)表示“開始、束、關(guān)、停、、啟”等意。

Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.種布易洗。

Thesenovelswon’tsellwell些.小不。

Mypenwritessmoothly.我的筆寫起來很流。

Thedoorwon’tlock.不上。

Thefishsmellsgood.起來香。

②當(dāng)breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等表示“生、關(guān)、制定”等意思。

Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.

Thelampsonthewallturnoff.

want,require,need后邊的名用主表示被含。

④beworthdoing用主形式表示被含。

⑤在“be+形容+todo中”,不定式的是句子的主,用主代被。

Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.

Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.

其他:betoblame(受),betorent(出租)也用主形式表被。

Choosetherightanswer

1.They_____friendssincetheymetinShanghai.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.havehad2.Thesecretaryisgoingtoreporttothemanagerassoonashe______.A.willarriveB.arrivesC.isgoingtoarriveD.isarriving3.Weallknowthatice______.A.feelcoldB.isfeltsoldC.isfeelingcoldD.feelscold4.---Thiscloth_____welland_____long.---OK.I’lltakeit.A.washes;lastsB.iswashed;lastedC.washes,islastedD.iswashing,lasting5.Helen_____herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome6.It_____everydaysofarthisweek.A.israiningB.rainedC.rainsD.hasbeenraining---Areyougoingtothemoviestonight?

Yes,I______myworkbythattime.

A.willfinishB.finishC.amgoingtofinishD.willhavefinished

---WasthedrivingpleasantwhenyouvacationedinMexicolastsummer?

No,it_____forfourdayswhenwearrived,sotheroadswereverymuddy.

A.wasrainingB.wouldberainingC.hadbeenrainingD.hasrained

9.Youwon’tknowifthecoatfitsyouuntilyou_____iton.ss

A.willtryB.aretryingC.triedD.havetried10.Mydictionary_______,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill_______.A.haslost;don’tfindB.ismissing;don’tfindC.haslost;haven’tfoundD.ismissing;haven’tfound11.---Howlong______eachotherbeforethey_____married?---Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;getB.didtheyknow;weregoingtogetC.dotheyknow;aregoingtogetD.hadtheyknown;got12.---Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.---Oh,howniceofyou.I_____you_____tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didn’tthink;aregoingD.hadn’tthought;weregoing13.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMary_______foralmostanhour.A.hadgoneB.hadsetoffC.hadleftD.hadbeenaway14---I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.I______hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.will15.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_______andslotofthings______.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen---Haveyoumovedintothehouse?

Notyet.Therooms________.

A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting

Ifthecitynoises_______fromincreasing,people______shouttobeheardatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.

A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;haveto

C.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep,haveto

---________thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.

Yes,italldependsontheweather.

A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Iwastold

19.Idon’tthinkimsawJme;he______intospace.

A.juststared(凝望)B.wasjuststaring

C.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared

20.---_______myglasses?

---Yes,I_______themonyourbedaminuteago.

A.Doyousee;sawB.Hadyouseen;haveseen

C.Haveyouseen;sawD.Wouldyousee;saw

---Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation;itwassonear.

---Yes.Ataxi_______atallnecessary.

A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbe

---WhoisJerryCooper?

______?Isawyoushakehandswithhimatthemeeting.

A.Don’tyoumeethimyetB.Hadn’tyoumethimyet

C.Didn’tyoumeethimyetD.Haven’tyoumethimyetss

---Nancyisnotcomingtonight.

---Butshe_______!

A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised24._______itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave25.Itisclearthathispooreducation_______himback.A.hasbeenheldB.isholdingC.willbeheldD.hadheld---HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?

I____yet,butI______takingatrain.

A.haven’tdecided;amconsideringB.haven’tdecided,consider

C.didn’tdecided;amconsideringD.hadn’tdecided;haveconsidered

27.ThepenI_______I_______isonmydesk,rightundermynose.

A.think,loseB.thought,hadlostC.think,hadlostD.thought,havelost

---Haveyouheardaboutthenewschool?

---No,whenandwheretobuildthenewone_______yet.

A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasn’tdecidedD.haven’tdecided29.---Sorry,I’mlate.---That’sOK.I_____long.A.haven’twaitedB.don’twaitC.haven’tbeenwaitingD.didn’twait30.---Nancysatinthefrontseatontheleftsideoftheclassroom.---Oh!Ithoughtshe______intheback.A.willsitB.hadsatC.issittingD.hassat31.I______myfacewhensuddenlysomeone______atthedoor.A.washed,knockedB.washed,wasknockingC.waswashing,wasknockingD.waswashing,knocked32.I______atthestationhalfanhourago,butthetrain_____yet.A.arrived,hadn’tcomeB.wasarriving,hadnme’tcoC.arrived,hasn’tcomeD.hadarrived,didn’tcome33.---Whydidyoucomebytaxi?---MycarbrokedownlastweekandIstill_______itrepaired.A.haven’thadB.didn’thaveC.don’thaveD.won’thaveI’msurprisedtofindyouherelookingwellandplayingtennis,Jim.Annsaidthatyou_____

sick.

A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.hadbeen

35.Theprice_________,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.

A.wentdownB.willgodownC.hasgonedoneD.wasgoingdown

36.---DidyougotoQingdaoforvacationlastAugust?

---I_______togo,butIgotsickatthelastminute.

A.wasplanningB.hadbeenplanningC.plannedD.haveplanned

37.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinmylife_____sohappy.

A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt

---Howareyoutoday?

---Oh,I________asillasIdonowforaverylongtime.

A.didn’tfeelB.wasn’tfeelingC.don’tfeelD.haven’tfeltss

39.ThereportersaidtheUFO______easttowestwhenhesawit.

A.wastravellingB.travelledC.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravel

40.---Ithinkthatyouneed______practiceonplayingtheviolin.

---______violinlessonseverytwoweeks,butIthinkI’llmakeiteveryweekfromnowon.

A.less;Iha

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論