醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯構(gòu)成專家講座

MedicalTerminologyZisenZhang第1頁(yè)ExampleMicroscopeCTMRIHIVAIDSSARS第2頁(yè)CONCEPTMedicalterminologyisaspecialvocabularyusedbyhealthcareprofessionalsforeffectiveandaccuratecommunication.basedmainlyonGreekLatin

盎格魯-撒克遜語(yǔ)Dyspepsia,EupepsiaAbdomen,Invitro,Invivo心cardiacorheart腸enteronintestinebowel第3頁(yè)FeaturesAdminister,foreignbody,complain,laborGene,clone,yin,yang,aspirinBraindeath,HFMD,scartissue-itis,arthritis,hepatitis,gastritisA.c.(antecibum),B.i.d(bisindie),BP,ARDS,COPD,SARS,TCMAdam'sapple,venerealdiseasePeeorurine?第4頁(yè)Wordelements

WordrootCombiningformSuffixPrefixHowyoucombinetheseelementsandwhetherallorsomeofthemarepresentinamedicalworddeterminethemeaningofaword.第5頁(yè)RootRootisthefundamentalunitofeachmedicalwordAwordrootisthemainpartorfoundationofaword;allmedicalwordshaveatleastonewordroot.

teacher,teaches,teachingteach

speaker,speaks,speakingspeak第6頁(yè)Awordrootmaybeusedaloneorcombinedwithotherelementstoformanotherwordwithadifferentmeaning.alcohol

alcoholism(conditionmarkedbyimpairedcontroloveralcoholuse)sperm

spermicide(agentthatkillssperm)thyroid

thyroidectomy(excisionofthethyroidgland)RootasaCompleteWordRootasaPartofaWord第7頁(yè)CombiningFormsAcombiningform(CF)iscreatedwhenawordrootiscombinedwithavowel.Thisvowelisusuallyano.Thevowelhasnomeaningofitsown,butenablestwowordelementstobelinked.第8頁(yè)Chem-therapydermat-logyEncephal-graphyNeur-logyTherm-meterSuf?xRooto+vowel+CombiningForms第9頁(yè)Acombiningvowelisusedtolinkaroottoanotherroottoformacompoundword.

gastr/o/enter/itis

leuk/o/cyt/o/penia

electr/o/cardi/o/gram第10頁(yè)suffixAsuf?xisashortwordpartorseriesofpartsaddedattheendofaroottomodifyitsmeaninggastritisgastr-

-itis-icgastricgastrology-ology第11頁(yè)ThreeRulesofWordBuilding■Rule1:Awordrootlinksasuffixthatbeginswithavowel.■Rule2:Acombiningform(root+o)linksasuffixthatbeginswithaconsonant.■Rule3:Acombiningform(root+o)linksaroottoanotherroottoformacompoundword.第12頁(yè)Rule1:Awordrootlinksasuffixthatbeginswithavowel.leuk-emiaCephal-algiagastr-itisappend-ectomyWordRootSuf?xtermsleukemiacephalalgiagastritis

appendectomy

第13頁(yè)Rule2:Acombiningform(root+o)linksasuffixthatbeginswithaconsonant.Gastr-scopemen-rrheaangi-rrhexisUreter-lithWordRootSuf?xtermsgastr/o/scopemen/o/rrheaangi/o/rrhexisureter/o/lith第14頁(yè)Rule3:Acombiningform(root+o)linksaroottoanotherroottoformacompoundword.

gastr/o/enter/itis

leuk/o/cyt/o/penia

electr/o/cardi/o/gram第15頁(yè)Exercisescarcin_-oma=carcinoma+aden-_=adenocarcinomaCardi_-gram=cardiogram+electrocardiogramElectr-_=第16頁(yè)P(yáng)refixApre?xisawordelementlocatedatthebeginningofawordwhichaddedbeforearoottomodifyitsmeaning.Substitutingoneprefixforanotherprefixchangesthemeaningoftheword.Aprefixusuallyindicatesanumber,time,position,ornegation.第17頁(yè)macro/cyte---alargecellMicro/cyte---asmallcellPost/natalbehind/afterbirth

pre/natalbeforebirthperi/card/itisInflammationofthepericardium第18頁(yè)hypo-

pref.

①在…下(旳);

hypodermic

皮下旳.

2)低…；次…；亞…;

hypotensioo

低血壓.

super-

pref.

①上…;

asuperstructure

上層建筑.

②超…;

supersonic

超聲速旳.

③過(guò)度;

superfluous

過(guò)多旳.

homo-

①[與名詞構(gòu)成名詞]同，相似;

homograph

同形異義詞.

homology

相似關(guān)系.

②[與形容詞構(gòu)成形容詞]同旳；相似旳;

homocentric

同中心旳.

homosexual

同性戀愛旳.

第19頁(yè)WordelementsPrefixRootSuffixPrefixRootSuffixwordEndo-+card+-itis第20頁(yè)De?ningMedicalWordsWhendefiningamedicalword,firstdefinethesuffix.Second,definethebeginningoftheword;finally,definethemiddleoftheword.Hereisanexampleusingthetermosteoarthritis.

oste/o/arthr/itis(2)(3)(1)1.-itismeansinflammation.2.oste/omeans