中考英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)講解一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示句子之中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者（或執(zhí)行者）eg:ManypeoplespeakChinese.謂語(yǔ)：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)manypeople來執(zhí)行的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。eg:Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式和疑問式均由助動(dòng)詞或第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。）各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Eg：I'maskedtotakecareofmyself.Footballisplayedallovertheworld一般過去時(shí)：was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Eg：Thishousewasbuiltin1958.Hislegwasbrokeninanaccident.一般將來時(shí)：will/shallbe+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Eg：Morefactorieswillbebuiltinourcity.Hewillbetakentohospitaltomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/arebeing+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.Eg：Aroadisbeingbuiltaroundthemountain.Manynewhousesarebeingbuiltinthiscity過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/werebeing+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Eg：ThemeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.Wewerebeingtrainedthistimelastyear.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeen+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Eg：Hisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguages.Thepricesofmanygoodshavebeencutagain.過去完成時(shí)：hadbeen+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Eg：Anewschoolhadbeensetupbytheendoflastyear.8.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Eg：Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法一般來說，在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪校苡弥鲃?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)候就盡量不去用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。只有在下列情況中我們才用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。eg:l）.Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.—些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。2）.Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。3）.Thefrontwindowintheclassroomwasbrokenyesterday.昨天，教室的前窗被打沒不要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Eg:1）.Thetime-tablehasbeenchanged.時(shí)間表已變動(dòng)了2）.Chinawasfoundedin1949.不愿意說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，其目的是為了使語(yǔ)言得體、圓滑等。在這種情況下，有時(shí)常用一些句式，如"Itissaidthat…"（據(jù)說），"Itisreportedthat…"（據(jù)報(bào)道），Itiswellknownthat???（眾所周矢U）Itissupposedthat（據(jù)推測(cè)說）,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itisthoughtthat…大家認(rèn)為，Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議等等'。eg:1.Itissaidthatsheisgoingtobemarriedtoaforeigner.據(jù)說她要嫁給一個(gè)外國(guó)人。2.Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Eg:l）.TheglasswasbrokenbyMike?玻璃杯是邁克打破的。2）.hisbookwaswrittenbyhim.這本書是他寫的。3）.Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。注:使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況口訣:動(dòng)作誰做的不知道，誰說出的不必要。接受動(dòng)作需強(qiáng)調(diào)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)最為妙。四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法:把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be+過去分詞）（根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式）。把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。Heplanttreesinspring.Treesareplantedinspringbyhim.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)口訣:賓語(yǔ)提前主語(yǔ)變，原主變賓by后見，時(shí)態(tài)人稱be關(guān)鍵。Allthepeoplelaughedathim.fHewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.fThebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.fAtreewascutdownbyhim.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中“by+賓語(yǔ)”的省略：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句式中的“by+賓語(yǔ)”表示及物動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，但是在遇到以下情況時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者“by+賓語(yǔ)”常常被省略。動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者不確定時(shí)Eg:1.Paperismadefromwood.Manypeoplearekilledintrafficaccidentseveryday.不必表明動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)Eg：1.Englishisalsospokenasthesecondlanguageaswellasoneoftheofficiallanguages.Footballisplayedinmostschool.動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者為一般大眾時(shí).Eg:1.BothEnglishandSpanisharespokeninthisarea.2.Heismadethemonitoroftheclasstoday.初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一．單項(xiàng)選擇ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfoundEnglishinCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspokenThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensungThiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismadeNewcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused6.Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensoldAnewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuildingThekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleftDoctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneedHisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublishedJapanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeakingThesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwrittenThesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.

C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.DoWhy___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theldWhowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenbyWhere___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am二．用動(dòng)詞show的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)填空.Iknowanewfilmatthecinemaeveryweek.Iknowanewfilmatthecinemalastweek..Iknow.Iknowanewfilmat.Iknowanewfilmat.Iknowanewfilmat.Iknowanewfilmat.Iknowanewfilmat三．將下列句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)thecinemathesedays.thecinemaateightlastnightthecinemarecentlythecinemabytheendoflastweekthecinemaintwodays1.PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.2.Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.Thetigerinthez00frightenedthelittlegirl.XiaoLiuhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty.Youmustnottakethes