2018年考研英語一真題及答案解析

2018年考研英語一真題原文及答案解析完整版2018年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語(一)SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition1manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour2,inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh3.4,whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood.5peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat6pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatpromptshumansto7withoneanother.Scientistshavefoundthatexposure8thishormoneputsusinatrusting9:InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse.11forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay12us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate13acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach14toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What’sinhere?”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook15.Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad17them.Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere18tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership.19,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.1.[A]on[B]like[C]for[D]from2.[A]faith[B]concern[C]attention[D]interest3.[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price4.[A]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again5.[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When6.[A]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains7.[A]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compare8.[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to9.[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle10.[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters11.[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic12.[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight13.[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over14.[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted15.[A]out[B]back[C]around[D]inside16.[A]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D].remembered17.[A]betrayed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked18.[A]forced[B]willing[C]hesitant[D]entitled19.[A]Incontrast[B]Asaresult[C]Onthewhole[D]Forinstance20.[A]inflexible[B]incapable[C]unreliable[D]unsuitableSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofThisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?[A]Leadingpoliticians.[B]Low-wagelaborers.[C]Robotowners.[D]Middle-classworkers.22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor’sview?[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.[B]Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison[A]creativepotential.[B]job-huntingskills.[C]individualneeds.[D]cooperativespirit.24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.[D]preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith[A]opposingviewsonit.[B]possiblesolutionstoit.[C]itsalarmingimpacts.[D]itsmajorvariations.Text2AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityMostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofYoungpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson[A]thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.[B]people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.[C]theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.[D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.27.Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto[A]sharpen[B]define[C]boast[D]share28.Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople[A]tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.[B]verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.[C]havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.[D]liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis[A]readersoutdatedvalues.[B]journalists’biasedreporting[C]readers’misinterpretation[D]journalists’made-upstories.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline[B]ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend[C]TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.[D]ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.Text3Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.MsDenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely“processed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.MsDenham'sreportisawelcomestart.31.WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?[A]Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.[B]Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient’srights.[C]Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations[D]Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith[A]emptypromises.[B]toughresistance.[C]necessaryadjustments.[D]sincereapologies.33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that[A]privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.[B]leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit.[C]makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.[D]thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis[A]theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.[B]theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.[C]theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.[D]themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis[A]ambiguous.[B]cautious.[C]appreciative.[D]contemptuous.Text4TheU.S.PostalService(USPS)continuestobleedredink.Itreportedanetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal2016,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceededrevenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyforemployeehealthandretirementcosts.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanentlydecreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,andaregulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenewrealityAndinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexertself-interestedpressureontheUSPS’sultimateoverseer-Congress-insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePostalService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected.Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecentyears,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvitalmodernization.Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved---Democrats,Republicans,thePostalService,theunionsandthesystem'sheaviestusers—hasfinallyagreedonaplantofixthesystem.LegislationismovingthroughtheHousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears,whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,amongothersurvivalmeasures.Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstepwouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare,thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunion.IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate–wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare,bareminimumnecessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,notcomprehensivereform.There’snochangetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS,amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor80percentoftheagency’scosts.AlsomissingisanydiscussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoyswidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostalspecial-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse.Theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asignthatthey’regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.36.ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby[A].itsunbalancedbudget.[B].itsrigidmanagement.[C].thecostfortechnicalupgrading.[D].thewithdrawalofbanksupport.37.AccordingtoParagraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto[A].theinterferencefrominterestgroups.[B].theinadequatefundingfromCongress.[C].theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice.[D].theincompetenceofpostalunions.38.Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbeaddressedby[A].removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare.[B].makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles.[C].adoptinganewrate-increasemechanism.[D].attractingmorefirst-classmailusers.39.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith[A]respect.[B]tolerance.[C]discontent.[D]gratitude.40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A].TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDays[B].ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheese[C].TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCure[D].ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-AidPartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)A.InDecemberof1869,CongressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuildingB.Completedin1875,theStateDepartment'ssouthwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin1876),DiplomaticReceptionRoom,andSecretary'sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary.C.TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown,housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingandconductingthenation'sforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury-theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasaninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation'smostsignificantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.D.ManyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB'sgranitewalls.TheodoreandFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD.Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.Bushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingpresident.Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapaneseemissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearlHarbor.E.TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB)commandsauniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnitedStates.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury,AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,War,andNavyDepartments,andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry.F.Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.WhentheEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersarecappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.G.ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.Thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820.Aseriesoffires(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)andovercrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorthWingofthe41.àCà42.à43.àFà44à45.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Shakespeare’slifetimewascoincidentwithaperiodofextraordinaryactivityandachievementinthedrama.BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy.Thesenewformswereatfirstmainlywrittenbyscholarsandperformedbyamateurs,butinEngland,aseverywhereelseinwesternEurope,thegrowthofaclassofprofessionalactorswasthreateningtomakethedramapopular,whetheritshouldbeneworold,classicalormedieval,literaryorfarcical.Court,schoolorganizationsofamateurs,andthetravelingactorswereallrivalsinsupplyingawidespreaddesirefordramaticentertainment;and(47)noboywhowentagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.WhenShakespearewastwelveyearsold,thefirstpublicplayhousewasbuiltinLondon.Foratimeliteratureshowednointerestinthispublicstage.Playsaimingatliterarydistinctionwerewrittenforschoolorcourt,orforthechoirboysofSt.Paul’sandtheroyalchapel,who,however,gaveplaysinpublicaswellasatcourt.(48)buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,anduniversitymenwithliteratureambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood.BythetimeShakespearewastwenty-five,Lyly,Peele,andGreenehadmadecomediesthatwereatoncepopularandliterary;Kydhadwrittenatragedythatcrowdedthepit;andMarlowehadbroughtpoetryandgeniustotriumphonthecommonstage-wheretheyhadplayednopartsincethedeathofEuripides.(49)Anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.ThedevelopmentoftheElizabethandramaforthenexttwenty-fiveyearsisofexceptionalinteresttostudentsofliteraryhistory,forinthisbriefperiodwemaytracethebeginning,growth,blossoming,anddecayofmanykindsofplays,andofmanygreatcareers.Weareamazedtodayatthemerenumberofplaysproduced,aswellasbythenumberofdramatistswritingatthesametimeforthisLondonoftwohundredthousandinhabitants.(50)Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.SectionIIIWritingPartA51.Directions：Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsoncampusinvitingthemtoattendthegraduationceremony.Inyouremailyoushouldincludetime,placeandotherrelevantinformationabouttheceremony.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsneatlyontheANSEWERSHEETDonotuseyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use“LiMing”instead.(10points)PartB52.Directions：Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshould2018年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語(一)試題答案詳解注意：英語試卷為花卷，以答案內容進行核對SectionIUseofEnglish1、【答案】[B]for【解析】此處考察介詞的用法。it’sanecessarycondition____manyworthwhilethings(信任是一個必要條件_____許多重要事情)此處應該是說，信任對許多重要事情來說是一個必要條件。B選項for(對...來說)符合語義，故為正確答案;A選項from(來自于)，C選項like(像...)，D選項on(關于)語義不恰當，故排除。2、【答案】[C]faith【解析】此處考察詞義辨析和中心一致性原則。第一段首句提出主題句：trustisatrickybusiness(信任是一個奇怪的東西)。后面進一步對該主題句進行解釋說明：Ontheonehand,it’sanecessarycondition___for___manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.(一方面，信任對許多重要事情來說是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說信任的好處。Ontheotherhand,puttingyour___inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh____.(另一方面，把...放在錯誤的地方往往會帶來巨大...)，顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，只有C選項faith(信任、忠誠)與trust屬于近義詞復現(xiàn)，故正確答案為[C]faith。3、【答案】[B]price【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。第一段首句提出主題句：trustisatrickybusiness(信任是一個奇怪的東西)。后面進一步對該主題句進行解釋說明：Ontheonehand,it’sanecessarycondition__for__manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.(一方面，信任對許多重要事情來說是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說信任的好處。Ontheotherhand,puttingyour___inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh____.(另一方面，把...放在錯誤的地方往往會帶來巨大...)，顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，并且根據(jù)空格所在句中的關鍵詞“wrongplace”，本句應該在說信任不當?shù)谋锥?，所以空格處應該填入一個負向感情色彩的詞，故A選項benefit和D選項hope排除，而C選項debt(債務)帶入之后語義不當，故正確答案為[B]price(代價)。4、【答案】[D]Then【解析】此處考察邏輯關系。上段講述的是信任的好處和信任不當?shù)谋锥?。第二段段首提出問題：“_____我們?yōu)槭裁匆湃巍?。只有D選項then(那么)填入后能形成順暢的語義和邏輯關系。故正確答案為Dthen(那么)。A選項again(再次)表示強調;B選項instead(但是、然而)表示轉折;C選項therefore(因此)表示結果，不符合要求，故排除。5、【答案】[A]When【解析】此處考察邏輯關系?？崭袼诰浜x為：______人們信任一個人或一個組織機構，他們的大腦會釋放催產(chǎn)素。只有A選項when(當..時候)填入后符合邏輯要求，故正確答案為A選項when。其他三個選項B選項unless(如果不)表條件，C選項although(盡管)表讓步，D選項until(直到...)表時間，帶入后均語義不通順，故排除。6、【答案】[C]produce【解析】此處考察動賓搭配問題。上文指出：Whenpeopleplacetheirtrustinan…theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormone.上文指出當人們產(chǎn)生信任感，大腦就會產(chǎn)生一種荷爾蒙，后面是定語從句，句內的動賓搭配，可推知這個荷爾蒙能產(chǎn)生令人愉悅的情緒，并且與后面的trigger同義復現(xiàn)，因此C.produce正確。7、【答案】[A]connect【解析】此處考察上下文信息照應題。上文講到這種荷爾蒙能夠激發(fā)一種群居本能，theherdinginstinctthatleadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyandpromote…withoneanother，這種本能有兩個作用，并用and連接，所以復現(xiàn)同義and前面的flocktogether.因此選擇A.connect8、【答案】[B]to【解析】此處考察上下語境下的名詞介詞搭配問題。根據(jù)上文的結論，下文實驗展開分析，Swissscientistshavefoundthatexposuretothishormoneputsus….所以研究中要求受試者要先處于這種環(huán)境中，所以名詞exposureto構成搭配語義關系，表示“接觸”的意思，因此選擇to。9、【答案】[D]mood【解析】此處考察上下文的信息對應和句內信息對應。上文提到身體會產(chǎn)生荷爾蒙，會給你帶來一種愉悅的情緒pleasurablefeelings，這個上文結論。實驗中exposuretothishormoneputsusinatrusting…，因此，根據(jù)上下文，試驗中，處于這種荷爾蒙環(huán)境中，會給人帶來情緒;語氣;心境;。因此選擇mood。10、【答案】[A]counterparts【解析】此處考察上下文的信息對應和句內信息對應。上文指出，Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects,可推知本句再講與另外一組受試者比較。故選擇A。counterparts.相對物，相對應的人。11、【答案】[C]Lucky【解析】此處考察上下文的邏輯關系。因為這個句子當中有個詞also，說明前文和后文情感是一致的關系。說我們有這兩種天賦，對大家來說都是好事，所以需要選擇一個正向的情感色彩。只能選擇lucky。A選項odd奇怪的是，B選項funny有趣的是，D選項ironic諷刺的是，皆不符合文意。12、【答案】[A]protect【解析】此處考察上下文的成分搭配。因為這個句子當中有個詞also，說明前文和后文情感是并列平行關系，前后情感應該一致。所以此處只能選擇protect保護我們，符合文意。B選項delight使高興;C選項surprise使震驚;D選項monitor監(jiān)控皆不符合文意。13、【答案】[D]between【解析】此處考察固定搭配。differentiatebetweenAandB.介詞between表示在A和B之間,原文含義為：“4個月大的孩子可以區(qū)分出一個可信的人和一個不誠實的人”。14、【答案】[C]introduced【解析】此處考察成分搭配。原文表達：Sixtytoddlerswereeach______toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.只有C選項beintroducedtosth表示“初次認識某事物”，符合文意。A選項added添加;B選項transferred轉移;D選項entrusted委托，皆不符合文意。15、【答案】[B]inside【解析】此處考察介詞搭配及詞義復現(xiàn)。原文表達：“What’sinhere?”beforelookingintoth