雅思劍橋真題長難句解析

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1.Thescentshecarriedinhersamplesandonherbodywasamessagetotheotherbeesthat

thiswastheonetheywerelookingfor.（4,GeneralTrainingTestBsection3）

分析：本句的主句“Thescentwasamessagetotheotherbees”；“shecarriedinher

samplesandonherbody定”從句，做Thescent的定，關(guān)系在定從句中做，因

此被省卻；“thatthiswastheonetheywerelookingforthat引”的同位從句，做amessage的同位；“theywerelookingfor定”從句，做theone的定，關(guān)系在定從句中做的，因此被省卻。

for

2.Soonhewouldalsodiscoveranumberofotherremarkablefactsabouthowbees

communicateand,indoingso,revolutionizethestudyofanimalbehaviorgenerally.（4,General

TrainingTestBsection3）

分析：本句的主句“hewouldalsodiscoveranumberofotherremarkablefactsabout?andrevolutionizethestudyofanimalbehaviorgenerally；“how”beescommunicatehow”引的從句，做介about的。

Therehad,ofcourse,beendictionariesinthepast,thefirstofthesebeingalittlebookofsome120pages,compiledbyacertainRobertCawdray,publishedin1604underthetitleATableAlphabeticall‘ofhardusualEnglishwords'（5,.Test1passage1）

分析：本句主句“Therehadbeendictionaries；“”thefirstofthesebeingalittlebookofsome

120pages,compiledbyacertainRobertCawdray,publishedin1604underthetitleATable

Alphabeticall‘ofhardusualEnglishwords'獨立主格構(gòu)”，其中“compiledbyacertainRobert

Cawdray”和“publishedin1604underthetitleATableAlphabeticall‘ofhardusualEnglishwords'均”去分短作定，做alittlebook的定。

ItishighlyappropriatethatDrSamuelJohnson,theverymodelofaneighteenth-centuryliteraryman,asfamousinhisowntimeasinours,shouldhavepublishedhisDictionaryatthe

verybeginningoftheheydayofthemiddleclass.（5,Test1passage1）分析：本句的主句“Itishighlyappropriatethat其中?it”,形式主，真實的主that引的主從句，即“thatDrSamuelJohnson,theverymodelofaneighteenth-centuryliteraryman,asfamousinhisowntimeasinours,shouldhavepublishedhisDictionaryattheverybeginningoftheheydayofthemiddleclass；”在主從句中“theverymodelofaneighteenth-centuryliterarymanDr”SamuelJohnson的同位，“asfamousinhisowntimeasinours”DrSamuelJohnson的定。5.Hisapproachtotheproblemsthathadworriedwritersthroughoutthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieswasintenselypractical.（5,Test1passage1）分析：本句的主句“Hisapproachtotheproblemswasintenselypractical；”“thathadworriedwritersthroughoutthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies定從句，做the”problems的定，關(guān)系that。6.Hewastobepaid￡1,575ininstallments,andfromthishetookmoneytorent17GoughSquare,inwhichhesetuphis‘dictionary（workshop'5,Test.1passage1）分析：本句并列句，“Hewastobepaid￡1,575ininstallments和”“fromthishetookmoneytorent17GoughSquare,inwhichhesetuphis‘dictionary并列，由workshop'and接.；”“inwhichhesetuphis‘dictionaryworkshop'定從.句，做”17GoughSquare的定，關(guān)系which。7.JamesBoswell,hisbiographer,describedthegarretwhereJohnsonworkedasup‘fittedlikeacountinghouse'withalongdeskrunningdownthemiddleatwhichthecopyingclerkswouldworkstandingup.（5,Test1passage1）分析：本句主句“JamesBoswelldescribedthegarretas‘fitteduplikeacountinghouse'withalongdesk.；“”hisbiographerJames”Boswell的同位；“whereJohnsonworked定”從句，做thegarret的定，關(guān)系where;“runningdownthemiddle”在分短做定，做alongdesk的定；“atwhichthecopyingclerkswouldworkstandingup定從”句，做longdesk的定，關(guān)系which。8.Hewasalsohelpedbysixassistants,twoofwhomdiedwhilstthedictionarywasstillinpreparation.（5,Test1passage1）分析：本句主句“Hewasalsohelpedbysixassistants；“two”ofwhomdiedwhilstthedictionarywasstillinpreparation定從句，”做sixassistants的定，關(guān)系whom；在定從句中，“whilstthedictionarywasstillinpreparationwhilst引”的狀從句。9.ThefactthatJohnsonhadtakenontheAcademiesofEuropeandmatchedthem(everyoneknewthatfortyFrenchacademicshadtakenfortyyearstoproducethefirstFrenchnationaldictionary)wascauseformuchEnglishcelebration.（5,Test1passage1）分析：本句的主句“ThefactwascauseformuchEnglishcelebration；“that”JohnsonhadtakenontheAcademiesofEuropeandmatchedthemthat引”的同位從句，做Thefact的同位；括號中部分起到解明的作用。10.Afewyearsago,inoneofthemostfascinatinganddisturbingexperimentsinbehaviouralpsychology,StanleyMilgramofYaleUniversitytested40subjectsfromallwalksoflifefortheirwillingnesstoobeyinstructionsgivenbya‘leader'inasituationinwhichghtthefeelsubjectsanipersonaldistastefortheactionstheywerecalledupontoperform.（5,Test1passage2）分析：本句主句“StanleyMilgramofYaleUniversitytested40subjectsfromallwalksoflifefortheirwillingnesstoobeyinstructionsgivenbyasituation；‘“”leadAfewr'inyearsago,inoneofthemostfascinatinganddisturbingexperimentsinbehaviouralpsychology狀；“in”whichthesubjectsnightfeelapersonaldistastefortheactionstheywerecalledupontoperform定從句，做asituation的定，關(guān)系which,其中“theywerecalledupontoperform”也定從句，做theactions的定，關(guān)系在定從句中做，因此被省卻。11.Milgramtoldeachvolunteer‘teach-subject'rthattheexperimentwasinthenoblecauseofeducation,andwasdesignedtotestwhetherornotpunishingpupilsfortheirmistakeswouldhaveapositiveeffectonthepupil'sabilitytolearn.（5,Test1passage2）分析：本句的主句“Milgramtoldeachvolunteer‘teacher-subject'that?”；“thattheexperimentwasinthenoblecauseofeducation,andwasdesignedtotestwhetherornotpunishingpupilsfortheirmistakeswouldhaveapositiveeffectonthepupil'sabilitytolearn.從句，”做told的；“whetherornotpunishingpupilsfortheirmistakeswouldhaveapositiveeffectonthepupil'sabilitytolearnwhether引”的從句，做test的。

1.Theteacher-subjectwastoldthatwheneverthepupilgavethewronganswertoaquestion,a

shockwastobeadministered,beginningatthelowestlevelandincreasinginseveritywitheachsuccessivewronganswer.（5,Test1passage2）

分析：本句的主句“Theteacher-subjectwastoldthat?”;“thatwheneverthepupilgave

thewronganswertoaquestion,ashockwastobeadministered,beginningatthelowestleveland

increasinginseveritywitheachsuccessivewronganswerthat引的”從句，做tell的；在從句中“ashockwastobeadministered主”句，而“wheneverthepupilgavethe

wronganswertoaquestionwhenever”引的裝從句，在從句中做狀，

“beginningatthelowestlevelandincreasinginseveritywitheachsuccessivewronganswer在分短做狀，在從句中做陪同狀。

Milgramtoldtheteacher-subjecttoignorethereactionsofthepupil,andtoadminister

whateverlevelofshockwascalledfor,aspertherulegoverningtheexperimentalsituationofthemoment.（5,Test1passage2）分析：本句的主句“Milgramtoldtheteacher-subjecttoignorethereactionsofthepupil,andtoadministerwhateverlevelofshockwascalledfor”其;中“whateverlevelofshockwascalledfor”whatever引的從句，做administer的；asper介短，意依照，依照；“governingtheexperimentalsituationofthemoment在分”短作定，做therule的定。3.Astheexperimentunfolded,thepupilwoulddefinitelygivethewronganswerstoquestionsposedbytheteacher,therebybringingonvariouselectricalpunishments,evenuptothedangerlevelof300voltsandbeyond.（5,Test1passage2）分析：本句主句“thepupilwoulddefinitelygivethewronganswerstoquestions”;“AstheexperimentunfoldedAs”引的狀從句，做主句的狀；“posedbytheteacher”去分短作定，做questions的定；“bringingonvariouselectricalpunishments,evenuptothedangerlevelof300voltsandbeyond”在分短作狀，做主句的陪同狀。4.Inthesesituations,Milgramcalmlyexplainedthattheteacher-subjectwastoignorethepupil'scriesformercyandcarryontheexperiment.（5,Test1passage2）分析：本句的主句“Milgramcalmlyexplainedthat?”“;thattheteacher-subjectwastoignorethepupil'scriesformercyandcarryontheexperimentthat引的從句”，做explain的；在從句中“toignorethepupil'scriesformercyandcarryontheexperiment不”定式做表。5.Ifthesubjectwasstillreluctanttoproceed,Milgramsaidthatitwasimportantforthesakeoftheexperimentthattheprocedurebefollowedthroughtotheend.（5,Test1passage2）分析：本句的主句“Milgramsaidthat?”;“Ifthesubjectwasstillreluctanttoproceed”If引的條件狀從句；“thatitwasimportantforthesakeoftheexperimentthattheprocedurebefollowedthroughtotheend.that引”的從句，做said的；在從句“thatitwasimportantforthesakeoftheexperimentthattheprocedurebefollowedthroughtotheend.

中，it形式主，“thattheprocedurebefollowedthroughtotheend”that引的主從句，是從句真實的主。

WhatMilgramwastryingtodiscoverwasthenumberofteacher-subjectswhowouldbewillingtoadministerthehighestlevelsofshock,eveninthefaceofstrongpersonalandmoral

revulsionagainsttherulesandconditionsoftheexperiment.（5,Test1passage2）

分析：本句的主句“WhatMilgramwastryingtodiscoverwasthenumberofteacher-subjects”;“WhatMilgramwastryingtodiscoverWhat引的”主從句；“whowouldbewillingtoadministerthehighestlevelsofshock,eveninthefaceofstrongpersonalandmoral

revulsionagainsttherulesandconditionsoftheexperiment.定從句，做teacher”-subjects的

定，關(guān)系who。7.Priortocarryingouttheexperiment,Milgramexplainedhisideatoagroupof39psychiatristsandaskedthemtopredicttheaveragepercentageofpeopleinanordinarypopulationwhowouldbewillingtoadministerthehighestshocklevelof450volts.（5,Test1passage2）分析：本句的主句“Milgramexplainedhisideatoagroupof39psychiatristsandaskedthemtopredicttheaveragepercentageofpeopleinanordinarypopulation.”;“Priortocarryiouttheexperiment”狀，priorto相當(dāng)于before;“whowouldbewillingtoadministerthehighestshocklevelof450volts.定從句”，做anordinarypopulation的定，關(guān)系who。8.Theoverwhelmingconsensuswasthatvirtuallyalltheteacher-subjectswouldrefusetoobeytheexperimenter.（5,Test1passage2）分析：本句主句“Theoverwhelmingconsensuswasthat?”;“thatvirtuallyalltheteacher-subjectswouldrefusetoobeytheexperimenter”表從句，做was的表。9.Thepsychiatristsfeltthat‘mostsubjectswouldgobeyond150volts'andtheyfurtheranticipatedthatonlyfourpercentwouldgoupto300volts.（5,Test1passage2）分析：本句并列句，“Thepsychiatristsfeltthat‘mostsubjectsgobeyondwould150volts'”和“theyfurtheranticipatedthatonlyfourpercentwouldgoupto300volts并列，由and”接；其中“that‘mostsubjectswouldgobeyond150volts'that引”的從句，做felt的，而“thatonlyfourpercentwouldgoupto300volts也that”引的從句，做anticipated的。10.Howcanwepossiblyaccountforthisvastdiscrepancybetweenwhatcalm,rational,knowledgeablepeoplepredictinthecomfortoftheirstudyandwhatpressured,flustered,butcooperative‘teachers'actuallydointhelaboratoryofreal（life?5,Test1passage2）分析：本句主句“Howcanwepossiblyaccountforthisvastdiscrepancybetween?and?”;“whatcalm,rational,knowledgeablepeoplepredictinthecomfortoftheirstudy和”“what

pressured,flustered,butcooperative‘teachers'actuallylaboratdoryinofthereallife均what”

引的從句。

11.One'sfirstinclinationmightbetoarguethattheremustbesomesortofbuilt-inanimal

aggressioninstinctthatwasactivatedbytheexperiment,andthatMilgram'steacher-subjectswerejustfollowingageneticneedtodischargethispent-upprimalurgeontothepupilbyadministeringtheelectricalshock.（5,Test1passage2）

分析：本句的主句“One'sfirstinclinationmightbeto?”;“toarguethattheremustbe

somesortofbuilt-inanimalaggressioninstinctthatwasactivatedbytheexperiment,andthat

Milgram'steacher-subjectswerejustfollowingageneticneedtodischargethispent-upprimal

urgeontothepupilbyadministeringtheelectricalshock.不定式做表，做”be的表；在此表中“thattheremustbesomesortofbuilt-inanimalaggressioninstinct和”“thatMilgram'steacher-subjectswerejustfollowingageneticneedtodischargethispent-upprimalurgeontothe

pupilbyadministeringtheelectricalshock并列，皆that”引的從句，做argue的；

“thatwasactivatedbytheexperiment定從句，”做instinct的定，關(guān)系that。

1.Asaudiencesgrew,sodidtheplaceswherefilmswereshown,finishingupwiththe‘great

picturepalaces’ofthe1920s,whichrivaled,andoccasionallysuperseded,theatresandopera-housesintermsofopulenceandsplendour.（劍4,GeneralTrainingTestAsection3）

分析：本句的主句為倒裝句“sodidtheplaces”;“Asaudiences為grewas引導(dǎo)”的時間狀語

從句；“wherefilmswereshown為”定語從句，做places的定語，關(guān)系詞為where;“finishingup

withthe‘greatpicturepalaces’of為現(xiàn)the在1920s分詞短語做”陪同狀語；“whichrivaled,and

occasionallysuperseded,theatresandopera-housesintermsofopulenceandsplendour.為非限制”

性定語從句，關(guān)系詞為which。

2.ItwasabovealltheFrench,followedbytheAmericans,whowerethemostpassionate

exportersofthenewinvention,helpingtostartcinemainChina,Japan,LatinAmericaandRussia.

（劍4,GeneralTrainingTestAsection3）

分析：本句的主句為“ItwasabovealltheFrench”;“followedbytheAmericans為過去.分”

詞短語做定語；“whowerethemostpassionateexportersofthenewinvention為非限制”性定語

從句，做French的定語，關(guān)系詞為who;“helpingtostartcinemainChina,Japan,LatinAmerica

andRussia為”現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語。

3.IntermsofartisticdevelopmentitwasagaintheFrenchandtheAmericanswhotookthe

lead,thoughintheyearsbeforetheFirstWorldWar,Italy,DenmarkandRussiaalsoplayedapart.

（劍4,GeneralTrainingTestAsection3）

分析：本句主句為重申句式“itwasagaintheFrenchandtheAmericanswhotookthelead”;

“thoughintheyearsbeforetheFirstWorldWar,Italy,DenmarkandRussiaalsoplayedapart為

though引導(dǎo)的退步狀語從句。

4.TherestoftheworldsurvivedpartlybylearningfromHollywoodandpartlybecause

audiencescontinuedtoexistforaproductwhichcorrespondedtoneedswhichHollywoodcould

notsupply.（劍4,GeneralTrainingTestAsection3）

分析：本句的主句為“Therestoftheworldsurvived”;“becauseaudiencescontinuedtoexist

foraproduct為because”引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句；“whichcorrespondedtoneeds為定語從”句，做

product的定語，關(guān)系詞為which;“whichHollywoodcouldnotsupply為定語從句”，做needs

的定語，關(guān)系詞為which。

5.Aswellaspopularaudiences,therewerealsoincreasingaudiencesforfilmswhichwere

artisticallymoreadventurousorwhichdealtwiththeissuesintheouterworld.（劍4,GeneralTrainingTestAsection3）

分析：本句的主句為“therewerealsoincreasingaudiencesforfilms”“,whichwere

artisticallymoreadventurous”和“whichdealtwiththeissuesintheouterworld為并列句，由or”連結(jié)，都為定語從句做films的定語，關(guān)系詞都為which.

6.Theyturnedtheirbackonthepast,leavingthestyleofthepre-warRussiancinematothe

émigréswhofledwestwardstoescapetheRevolution.（劍4,GeneralTrainingTestAsection3）

分析：本句中“Theyturnedtheirbackonthepast為主句”；“l(fā)eavingthestyleofthepre-warRussiancinematotheémigré為s現(xiàn)”在分詞短語做狀語；“whofledwestwardstoescapetheRevolution.為”定語從句，做themigréés的定語，關(guān)系詞為who。

TareeofferstheVeterinaryAssistantprogramandhasintroduced‘Agristudy’which,enablesstudentstolearnflexiblyandbycorrespondence,usingamixtureofstudentlearning

guides,telephonetuorials,informationsessionsandworkshops.（劍4,GeneralTrainingTestBsection2）

分析：本句主句為“TareeofferstheVeterinaryAssistantprogramandhasintroduced

‘Agristudy’”,“whichenablesstudentstolearnflexiblyandbycorrespondence,usingamixtureof

studentlearningguides,telephonetuorials,informationsessionsandworkshops定從句，做”

‘Agristudy的定’，關(guān)系which。

8.ForhisastonishingachievementshewasawardedtheNobelPrizeanditisfromhiswork

thatmostoftoday’sknowledgeofwhatbeessaytoeachotherderives（.4,GeneralTraining

TestBsection3）

分析：本句并列句，“ForhisastonishingachievementshewasawardedtheNobelPrize”

和“itisfromhisworkthatmostoftoday’sknowledgeofwhatbeessaytoeachotherderives并”

列，由and接，并且“itisfromhisworkthatmostoftoday’sknowledgeofwhatbeessaytoeach

otherderives”句式；“whatbeessaytoeachotherwhat引”的從句，做of的。

9.VonFrischknewfromexperimentsbyanearlierresearcherthatifheputoutabowlof

sweetsugarsyrup,beesmightatfirsttakesometimetofinditbut,oncetheyhaddoneso,withinthehour,hundredsofotherbeeswouldbeeagerlytakingthesyrup.（4,GeneralTrainingTestBsection3）

分析：本句的主句“VonFrischknewfromexperimentsbyanearlierresearcherthat?”;

“thatifheputoutabowlofsweetsugarsyrup,beesmightatfirsttakesometimetofinditbut,oncetheyhaddoneso,withinthehour,hundredsofotherbeeswouldbeeagerlytakingthesyrup

that引的從句，做knew的；句子“ifheputoutabowlofsweetsugarsyrup,beesmightatfirsttakesometimetofindit和句子“once”theyhaddoneso,withinthehour,hundreds

ofotherbeeswouldbeeagerlytakingthesyrup并列，由but”接；句子“ifheputoutabowlof

sweetsugarsyrup,beesmightatfirsttakesometimetofindit中的“ifheputoutabowl”ofsweet

sugarsyrup”if引的條件狀從句；句子“oncetheyhaddoneso,withinthehour,hundreds

ofotherbeeswouldbeeagerlytakingthesyrup中的“oncethey”haddonesoonce”引的狀從句。

Inthefirsttype,areturningscoutscamperedincircle,alternatingtorightandleft,stoppingoccasionallytoregurgitatefoodsamplestotheexcitedbeeschasingafterher.（4,

GeneralTrainingTestBsection3）

分析：本句主句“areturningscoutscamperedincircle”;“alternatingtoright和andleft”

“stoppingoccasionallytoregurgitatefoodsamplestotheexcitedbeeschasingafterher均在

分短做陪同狀，引省略；“chasingafterher”在分短做定，做bees的定。

Inthethird,distinctlydifferentdance,shestartedbyrunningashortdistanceinastraightline,wagglingherbodyfromsidetoside,andreturninginasemi-circletothestartingpoint

beforerepeatingtheprocess.（4,GeneralTrainingTestBsection3）

分析：本句的主句“shestartedbyrunningashortdistanceinastraightline”;“waggling

herbodyfromsidetoside和“returning”inasemi-circletothestartingpoint并列，都”在分

短做陪同狀；“beforerepeatingtheprocessbefore”引的在分短做狀。

1.Theproblemofhowhealth-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportioned,sothattheyaredistributedinthemostjustandefficientway,isnotanewone.（4,test4passage3）分析：本句的主句“Theproblemisnotanewone；”“howhealth-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportioned,sothattheyaredistributedinthemostjustandefficientwayhow引的從句，做of的；“sothattheyaredistributedinthemostjustandefficientway”sothat引的目的狀從句。2.Whatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.（4,test4passage3）分析：本句的主句“Whatisnewisthat；?”“that,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.that引的表從”句；“regardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources”

在分短做定。

Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthat

resourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacity

ofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.（

4,test4passage3）

分析：本句，主句“thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocieties；“that”resourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustible和“thatthecapacityof”natureor

theenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofiniteand接的并”列從句，都是that引的同位從句，做awareness的同位。

Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastin

principle;the‘invisiblehand’ofeconomicprogresswould（provide4,test4.passage3）

分析：本句分號接的兩個分句，第一個分句，其主句“itnowseemsquite

incrediblethat?inprinciple其中”it形式主，that引主從句；“thatemergedinmany

countriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-45WorldWar”定從句，作nationalhealth

system的定，關(guān)系that；在that引的主從句中，“thatallthebasichealthneedsof

anycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciplethat引的主從”句，it做形式主。

第二個分句句。

5.Althoughthelanguageof‘rights’sometimesleadstoconfusion,bythelate1970sitwasrecognizedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care(thoughtherehasbeenconsiderableresistanceintheUnitedStatestotheideathatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care).（

4,test4passage3）

分析：本句的主句“itwasrecognizedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearightto

health-care，”其中it形式主，“thatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care”that引的主

從句；“Althoughthelanguageof‘rights’sometimesleadstoconfusionalthough”引的步狀；括號部分附加/充的信息，though引的步狀從句，在此從句中，“thatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care”that引的同位從句，做idea的同位。

Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealth-careresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.（4,test4passage3）

分析：本句中“thatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethat

adequatehealth-careresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse為that引導(dǎo)的主”語從句，it

做形式主語；和“thatadequatehealth-careresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse為that”

引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做ensure的賓語。

Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrightto

health-carebesatisfiedbythestate.（劍4,test4passage3）

分析：本句主句為“peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebe

satisfiedbythestate.”“Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthat-carehealthresourcescould

notpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem”為時間狀語，其中“whenitbecame

obviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem為”定語從句，做thetime的定語，關(guān)系詞為when；“thattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebe

satisfiedbythestate為that引”導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做demand的賓語。

Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersof

health-careresources.（劍4,test4passage3）

分析：本句主句為“Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesstemsfromthedramaticrisein

healthcostsinmostOECDcountries；“that”haveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresources.為”定語從句，做changes的定語，關(guān)系詞為that；“accompaniedby

large-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.為過”去

分詞短語做狀語，其中“whichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenow

major(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.為定”語從句，做

changes的定語，關(guān)系詞為which,“thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyvery

expensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.為that”引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做mean的賓語。

9.Beginningassomethingunusualinahandfulofbigcities—NewYork,London,Parisand

Berlin—thenewmediumquicklyfounditswayacrosstheworld,attractinglargerandlarger

audienceswhereveritwasshownandreplacingotherformsofentertainmentasitdidso.（劍4,GeneralTrainingTestApassage3）

分析：本句的主句為“thenewmediumquicklyfounditswayacrosstheworld；“Beginning”

assomethingunusualinahandfulofbigcities—NewYork,London,ParisandBerlin現(xiàn)在分詞”短語做狀語；“attractinglargerandlargeraudienceswhereveritwasshownandreplacingother

formsofentertainmentasitdidso”兩個并列的分詞短語做狀語，其中“whereveritwas

shown”wherever引導(dǎo)的為地址狀語，“asitdidso為as”導(dǎo)的狀語從句。引

1.Thesemethodsincludestrengthtrainingthatduplicateswhattheyaredoingintheirrunning

eventsaswellasplyometrics,atechniquepioneeredintheformer

SovietUnion.

（劍4,test4

passage1）分析：本句的主句為“Thesemethodsincludestrengthtraining；“that”duplicateswhatthey

aredoingintheirrunningeventsaswellasplyometrics為定語”從句，做“strengthtraining的定

語，關(guān)系詞為that；“whattheyaredoingintheirrunningeventsaswellasplyometrics為賓語從

句，由what引導(dǎo)；“atechniquepioneeredintheformerSovietUnion為plyometrics”的同位語。

2.Abiomechanicfilmsanathleteinactionandthendigitizesherperformance,recordingthe

motionofeveryjointandlimbinthreedimensions.（劍4,test4passage1）

分析：本句的主句為“Abiomechanicfilmsanathleteinactionandthendigitizesher

performance；”“recordingthemotionofeveryjointandlimbinthreedimensions為現(xiàn)在分詞短

”

”

”

語做狀語。Thatunderstandingtookthelateranalysisofbiomechanicsspecialists,whoputtheirmindstocomprehendingsomethingthatwastoocomplexandunorthodoxevertohavebeeninvented

throughtheirownmathematicalsimulations.（劍4,test4passage1）

分析：本句較長，主句為“Thatunderstandingtookthelateranalysisofbiomechanics

specialists；“”whoputtheirmindstocomprehendingsomething為定語從句，”做biomechanicsspecialists的定語，關(guān)系詞為who；“thatwastoocomplexandunorthodoxevertohavebeeninventedthroughtheirownmathematicalsimulations也是定語從句，”做something的定語，關(guān)系詞為that。4.Butitisalsothepainstakingtaskofinterpretation,sothatwecometounderstandwhatthesethingsmeanforthehumanstory.（劍4,test4passage2）

分析：本句的主句為“Butitisalsothepainstakingtaskofinterpretation；“sothatwe”cometounderstandwhatthesethingsmeanforthehumanstory為sothat引導(dǎo)的”結(jié)果狀語從句；“whatthesethingsmeanforthehumanstory為what引”導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做understand的賓語。

Anthropologistsalsousetheterm‘culture'inamorerestrictedsensewhentheyrefertothe‘culture'ofaparticularsociety,meaningthenon-biologicalcharacteristicsuniquetothatsociety,whichdistinguishitfromothersocieties.（劍4,test4passage2）

分析：本句的主句為“Anthropologistsalsousetheterm‘culture'inamorerestricted，sense

“whentheyrefertothe‘culture'ofaparticular為societywhen引導(dǎo)的時間狀語”從句；“meaning

thenon-biologicalcharacteristicsuniquetothatsociety為”現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語；“which

distinguishitfromothersocieties為非限制性定”語從句，關(guān)系詞為which。

6.Physicalanthropology,orbiologicalanthropologyasitisalsocalled,concernsthestudyof

humanbiologicalorphysicalcharacteristicsandhowtheyevolved.（劍4,test4passage2）

分析：本句的主句為“Physicalanthropology,orbiologicalanthropologyconcernsthestudy

ofhumanbiologicalorphysicalcharacteristicsandhowtheyevolved；“asitisalsocalled”定語”

從句，做biologicalanthropology的定語，關(guān)系詞為as；“howtheyevolved為”how引導(dǎo)的賓

語從句，做concern的賓語。

7.Whereasculturalanthropologistswilloftenbasetheirconclusionsontheexperienceof

livingwithincontemporarycommunities,archaeologistsstudypastsocietiesprimarilythrough

theirmaterialremains—thebuildings,tools,andotherartifactsthatconstitutewhatisknownas

thematerialcultureleftoverfromformersocieties.（劍4,test4passage2）

分析：本句主句為“archaeologistsstudypastsocietiesprimarilythroughtheirmaterial

remains；”“Whereasculturalanthropologistswilloftenbasetheirconclusionsontheexperienceof

livingwithincontemporarycommunities為”whereas引導(dǎo)的退步狀語從句；“thatconstitutewhat

”

isknownasthematerialcultureleftoverfromformersocieties為定”語從句，做thebuildings,

tools,andotherartifacts的定語，關(guān)系詞為that；“whatisknownasthematerialcultureleftoverfromformersocieties為what”引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做constitute的賓語。

Archaeologistsinrecentdecadeshavedeveloped‘ethnoarchaeology',where,likeethnographers,theyliveamongcontemporarycommunities,butwiththespecificpurposeoflearninghowsuchsocietiesusematerialculture—howtheymaketheirtoolsandweapons,why

theybuildtheirsettlementswheretheydo,andsoon.（劍4,test4passage2）

分析：本句主句為“Archaeologistsinrecentdecadeshavedeveloped‘ethnoarchaeology'；”

“where,likeethnographers,theyliveamongcontemporarycommunities,butwiththespecific

purposeoflearninghowsuchsocietiesusematerialculture為定語從句，做”‘ethnoarchaeology'的定語，關(guān)系詞為where；“howsuchsocietiesusematerialculture為how”引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，

做learn的賓語；“howtheymaketheirtoolsandweapons,whytheybuildtheirsettlementswhere

theydo位”于破折號后邊，講解前文中的“howsuchsocietiesusematerialculture也是how和”,why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；“wheretheydo為where”引導(dǎo)的地址狀語從句。

Heritagestudiesconstituteadevelopingfield,whereitisrealizedthattheworld'sculturalheritageisadiminishingresourcewhichholdsdifferentmeaningsfordifferentpeople.（劍4,

test4passage2）分析：本句的主句為“Heritagestudiesconstituteadevelopingfield；“where”itisrealizedthattheworld'sculturalheritageisadiminishingresource為定語從句，做adeveloping”field的定語，關(guān)系詞為where；“thattheworld'sculturalheritageisadiminishingresource為that引導(dǎo)”的主語從句，it為形式主語；“whichholdsdifferentmeaningsfordifferentpeople.為定語從句”，做adiminishingresource的定語，關(guān)系詞為which。10.Toarchaeology,whichstudiesallculturesandperiods,whetherwithorwithoutwriting,thedistinctionbetweenhistoryandpre-historyisaconvenientdividinglinethatrecognizestheimportanceofthewrittenword,butinnowaylessenstheimportanceoftheimportanceoftheusefulinformationcontainedinoralhistories.（劍4,test4passage2）分析：本句較長，主句為“thedistinctionbetweenhistoryandpre-historyisaconvenientdividingline；“”whichstudiesallculturesandperiods,whetherwithorwithoutwriting為定語從”句，做archaeology的定語，關(guān)系詞為which；“thatrecognizestheimportanceofthewrittenword,butinnowaylessenstheimportanceoftheimportanceoftheusefulinformation也是定語從句，”做dividingline的定語，關(guān)系詞為that；“containedinoralhistories為過去”分詞短語作定語，限制usefulinformation。

Sincetheaimofarchaeologyistheunderstandingofhumankind,itisahumanisticstudy,

andsinceitdealswiththehumanpast,itisahistoricaldiscipline.（劍4,test4passage2）

分析：本句為并列句，由and連結(jié)，句子“Sincetheaimofarchaeologyistheunderstanding

ofhumankind,itisahumanisticstudy和句子“since”itdealswiththehumanpast,itisahistorical

discipline.并列”；句子“Sincetheaimofarchaeologyistheunderstandingofhumankind,itisahumanisticstudy中”主句為“itisahumanisticstudy”“,Sincetheaimofarchaeologyisthe

understandingofhumankind”為since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句；句子“sinceitdealswiththehumanpast,itisahistoricaldiscipline中主”句為“itisahistoricaldiscipline“”since,itdealswiththehumanpast為”since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。1.Thedominantidea,raisedby64%ofthepupils,wasthatrainforestsprovideanimalswith

habitats.（test1passage1）

分析：“raisedby64%ofthepupils”去分短作定，

animalswithhabitats”表從句，作was的表，本句的主句

“thatrainforestsprovide

“Thedominantidea?was

that

?”。

Theseobservationsaregenerallyconsistentwithourpreviousstudiesofpupils'viewsabouttheuseandconservationofrainforests,inwhichgirlswereshowntobemoresympathetic

toanimalsandexpressedviewswhichseemtoplaceanintrinsicvalueonnon-humananimallife.

test1passage1）

分析：本句的主句是“Thesebservationsaregenerallyconsistentwithourpreviousstudiesofpupils'viewsabouttheuseandconservationofrainforests而”后,面的“inwhichgirlswereshowntobemoresympathetictoanimalsandexpressedviewswhichseemtoplaceanintrinsic

valueonnon-humananimallife”定從句，而在此定從句中有一個