【語法講解】高中英語強調(diào)句型專題講解

WherethereisawillWherethereisawill,thereisaway.--英語強調(diào)句一、強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法強調(diào)句常用來突出說話人要強調(diào)的語言信息，給對方以強烈的印象和感受。譯成漢語時，常加上“正是…”等字眼。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：It+be的適當(dāng)形式+被強調(diào)成分+that（who）+其他成分Heboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.—Itwashethatboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.（強調(diào)主語he）—Itwasthebookthatheboughtinthisshopyesterday.（強調(diào)賓語thebook）—Itwasinthisshopthatheboughtthebookyesterday.（強調(diào)地點狀語inthisshop）【注意】在該強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，It無任何意義但不可以換成this或者that等。Itis（was）...that（who）…為結(jié)構(gòu)詞，假如去掉，剩下部分在語法結(jié)構(gòu)和句子含義上均完整，這一點正是它和定語從句等的本質(zhì)區(qū)別。關(guān)于that與who：當(dāng)被強調(diào)部分指人時，可以用who（被強調(diào)部分的人作主語或賓語時）或者whom（被強調(diào)部分的人作賓語時）代替that；當(dāng)被強調(diào)部分指物時通常用that；當(dāng)被強調(diào)部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用whoItwasthethingsandpeoplethattheyrememberedthattheyweretalkingabout．當(dāng)被強調(diào)部分是代詞時，用who不用that。當(dāng)強調(diào)時間或地點或原因狀語時，不能用when/where/why代that（尤其是當(dāng)這些狀語為介詞短語時）。1）ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlyIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.so2）ItwasinQingdaoIsawtheseaforthefirsttime.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.which3）Itwasbecauseofbadweatherthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.A.soB.sothatC.whyD.that如果被強調(diào)的成分有同位語，同位語也應(yīng)提前。Itwasfromhim，hischemistryteacher，thatPaullearnedtowatchcarefullyinclass．3.關(guān)于be的適當(dāng)形式：在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，無論被強調(diào)的是人還是物，單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),be動詞一律用單數(shù)is/was形式。如果原句的謂語動詞時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在范疇（一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成/現(xiàn)在完成進行時、一般將來時、將來進行時、將來完成時等），就用is。Itistheabilitytodothejobmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it如果原句的謂語動詞時態(tài)是過去范疇（一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時等），就用was。例如：Itwasbetween1989and1999greatchangestookplaceinourhometown.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.because也可以根據(jù)需要用Itmay/might/mustbe...that/who...;Itmusthavebeen...that/who...女口ItmightbeSallythatyouarethinkingof.Itmightbeinthemorningthathebrokeintothehouse.Itmightbehisfatherthatyouarelookingfor.ItmustbeJohnthat/whowilltakepartinthecontestonbehalfourclass.Itmusthavebeenhertwinsisterthatyousaw.ItPeterwhohasletthissecretoutbecauseIonlytoldhimthenews.A.canbeB.shouldbeC.mightbeD.mustbeItmusthavebeenhisbrotherthatyoumet.關(guān)于被強調(diào)成分。在強調(diào)句型中，能夠被強調(diào)的句子成分通常為主語或賓語（名詞、代詞）、狀語（介詞短語、時間或地點狀語從句或者because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句）等，但不能強調(diào)謂語動詞、表語或補語（形容詞或名詞充當(dāng)）、although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句、for、since,as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句、if條件狀語等。如：強調(diào)主語、賓語。例1．Itisthesepoisonousproductscancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.（NMET03）A.whoB.thatC.howD.what例2．Itwashowtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguagesattractedtheaudience'sinterest.（上海2000春）A.sothatB.thatC.whatD.inwhich強調(diào)主語從句howtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguages。例3．Itwastheabilitytodothejobmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.（NMET2000）A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it強調(diào)狀語Itwasatthegateofourschoolthatwegavethevisitorsawarmwelcome.（強調(diào)地點狀語）Itwaswithgreatjoythathereceivedthenewsthathislonglostsonwouldsoonreturnhome.（強調(diào)程度狀語）ItisbybusthatMaryusuallygoestoschool.（強調(diào)方式狀語）ItwasthreeyearsagothatIcametothisschool.（強調(diào)時間狀語）Itiswhenhegotbackthatheknewwhathadhappened.（強調(diào)時間狀語）Itwasbecausehelovedmymoneythathemarriedme.（強調(diào)原因狀語）注意：強調(diào)時間、地點、原因或方式狀語時，要用that，不能用when,where,why或how。如：Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.（NMET'97）A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.whenItwasbecauseofbadweatherthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.（2003上海春季）A.soB.sothatC.whyD.thatItwaswheretherehadbeenatheatretheybuiltanewmodernschool.A.whereB.inwhichC.thatD.so使用強調(diào)句型對狀語進行強調(diào)時，有必要將其與下列句型區(qū)分開來。比較下面的句子：1）Itwasintheeveningthatthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.（強調(diào)句型）Itwaseveningwhenthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.（when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，it表示時間）2）Itwasat3o'clockthattheycameback.（強調(diào)句型）Itwas3o'clockwhentheycameback.（when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，it表示時間）3）Itisforthreehoursthattheyhavebeenback.（強調(diào)句型）Itwasthreehoursbeforetheycameback.（before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，it表示時間）Itisthreehourssincetheycameback.（since引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，it表示時間）再如：Itwasrainingwhentheycameback.ItistruethatheoncewenttoCanada.ItisasurprisethatMaryshouldhavewonthefirstprize.強調(diào)部分為介詞短語：強調(diào)部分為介詞短語時，①應(yīng)特別注意能引起誤解的干擾選項。②表示時間或地點時，應(yīng)注意與定語從句的區(qū)別。ItwasthroughJackMarygottoknowBob.A.whoB.whomC.howD.thatItwas__c___greatcarethattheydidthejob.A.forB.aboutC.withD.inItwasonOctober1st1949newChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.asD.thatWasitinthispalacethelastemperordied?A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which特別提示：對“not...until...”結(jié)構(gòu)的強調(diào)，要用“Itis/wasnotuntil...that...”這一固定句型。由于否定已經(jīng)前移，that后只能用肯定形式。同時要注意不能使用倒裝語序.Itwasbackhomeaftertheexperiment.（湖北04）notuntilmidnightdidhegountilmidnightthathedidn'tgonotuntilmidnightthathewentuntilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgo關(guān)于主謂一致：在強調(diào)句型中，被強調(diào)部分是原句型的主語時，其形式必須與謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。Itisyourfatherthatiswrongthistime.ItisheandhisparentsthathavecometoChina.人稱對照：在強調(diào)句型中，如強調(diào)主語或賓語且其為人稱代詞時,應(yīng)注意其形式仍用主格或賓格形式。Itistheywhowillattendthemedicalconference.ItwasherthatIsawinthestreetjustnow.【誤】ItisIwho/thatisgoingtobesenttheretohelpthem.【正】ItisIwho/thatamgoingtobesenttheretohelpthem.【誤】Itwasherthattoldmeaboutit.【正】Itwasshethattoldmeaboutit.【誤】ItisIwhotheteacherhaspunished.【正】Itismewhomtheteacherhaspunished.二、特殊形式的強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)句的否定、疑問句形式以及感嘆句形式。強調(diào)句型的否定形式、一般疑問句形式、特殊疑問句形式、感嘆句形式以及反意疑問句形式：否定形式：ItwasnotinEnglandthatOlympicCompetitionsfirststarted.一般疑問句形式：Was/Isit+被強調(diào)部分+that+其他成分？Isthegirlinredwhoisyoursister?例1．WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarhedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then例2．Wasn'titDr.Wangwhospoketoyoujustnow?.(上海96)A.Ididn'tknowhewasB.Yes,itwasC.No,hewasn'tD.Yes,hedid解析：此句為強調(diào)句的一般疑問句的否定形式。其回答有兩種可能：“Yes,itwas”或“No,itwasn't”，故選B.特殊疑問句形式：特殊疑問詞+was/Isit+被強調(diào)部分+that+其他成分？Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?Whowasitthattoldyouthenews？WhenwasitthathefirstcametoChina?Wherewasitthatyoumether?Howwasitthathesolvedtheproblem?事實上，強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句就是就陳述句中的被強調(diào)部分進行提問變化而來的。也就是強調(diào)部分為疑問詞。當(dāng)含有特殊疑問詞的強調(diào)句型用在賓語從句中的時候，句型應(yīng)改為‘特殊疑問詞+itwas(is)that+陳述句”，即采用陳述句語序。(1)—wherewasittheroadaccidenthappenedyesterday?—Infrontofthemarket.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.how（2）Ireallydon'tknowyoureturnedthebooktome.A.whenitwasthatB.whenwasitC.whenwasitthatD.whenitwas強調(diào)部分為疑問代詞或疑問副詞時，該強調(diào)句句型結(jié)構(gòu)與特殊疑問句句型相同，即：疑問詞+一般疑問句”例1.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess（承認坦白）。youwantmetosay?A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat解析：此題考查強調(diào)句中強調(diào)疑問詞時語序的排列。What引導(dǎo)賓語從句并且在賓語從句中充當(dāng)say的賓語。這是一個強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句，被強調(diào)部分是what。故選A例2．Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn'tmatterIammakingto（廣東04）AwhoisitBwhoitisCitiswhoDitiswhom解析:.who引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在主語從句中作介詞to的賓語（應(yīng)用賓格whom,但在通常情況下，也可以用who代替whom）。并且，whoitis（that）Iammakingto（此處省略了that）為強調(diào)句型。這是一個強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句。被強調(diào)部分是who。故選B感嘆句形式：What/How加上感嘆部分+itwas/is+that+其他成分！Whatawonderfultimeitwasthatwehadattheparty！HowgoodastudentitisthatIhave！反意疑問句形式：強調(diào)句型的反意疑問句，后半部分的附加疑問句部分的主語和謂語以及時態(tài)要與強調(diào)句型本身保持一致。ItwasatelevenlastnightthatIknewthegoodnews,wasn'tit?⑥強調(diào)句型的回答也應(yīng)該使用強調(diào)句式。Wasityouthattoldhimaboutit?Yes,itwas.2.固定句型：①not...until句型變?yōu)閺娬{(diào)句型時，如要強調(diào)until從句時，要把not放到until前，一起強調(diào),主句由否定句改為肯定句。其基本形式為Itis(was)notuntil+時間狀語(短語或者從句)...that…。比較：。Hedidn'tcomeuntilsixo'clock.—Itwasnotuntilsixo'clockthathecame.Theydidn'tstartuntiltherainstopped.—Itwasnotuntiltherainstoppedthattheystarted.注意"not...until"句型的變化。比較下列三個句子：Shedidn'trememberherappointmentwiththedoctoruntilshehadarrivedhome.Itwasnotuntilshehadarrivedhomethatsherememberedherappointmentwiththedoctor.NotuntilshehadarrivedhomedidsherememberherappointmentwiththedoctorItwasbecause-clause(becauseof+名詞)+that...Itwasbecauseofhiscarelessness(becausehewascareless)thathelosthisjob.Itwas+介詞+時間名詞++that.Itwasat7:00a.m.thattheplanetookoff.三、強調(diào)句型與定語從句以及與主語從句等的辨析強調(diào)句型極易與定語從句、名詞性從句等相關(guān)句型混淆.引導(dǎo)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that或者who,在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或者賓語，不可以去掉;that或者who引導(dǎo)主語從句時,that無任何含義也不充當(dāng)任何成分但也不可以省略，who引導(dǎo)主語從句并且在主語從句中充當(dāng)主語也不可以省略。并且，that或者who引導(dǎo)的主語從句經(jīng)常置于句后，而在主語位置使用形式主語It。而強調(diào)句型中的Itis（was）…that（wl為）…結(jié)構(gòu)詞，假如去掉，剩下部分在語法結(jié)構(gòu)和句子含義上均完整。這一點正是區(qū)分強調(diào)句型和定語從句以及主語從句的關(guān)鍵所在。與定語從句的辨析ItwasinthelabthatwassetupbyMr.Smiththattheyfinishedtheexperiment.（劃線部分為定語從句）ItwashewhocamefromHunanthatwonthefirstprizeinthecontest.（劃線部分為定語從句）與名詞性從句的辨析Itistruethatheoncewasateacher.（劃線部分為主語從句）Itwashesaiddisappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what（What引導(dǎo)主語從句）與therebe句型的辨析isnopossibilityBobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.There;whetherD.It;whetherA本題為therebe句型,而非強調(diào)句型。that引導(dǎo)的為同位語從句,作possibility的同位語。四、錯誤判斷強調(diào)句的兩種情況1.將非強調(diào)句判為強調(diào)句。易混句型1：Itbe+段時間+since...“自從以來”該句型中的be動詞通常為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，since引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過去時態(tài)。如果主句是一般過去時，從句則用過去完成時。例.Thatwasreallyasplendid（燦爛的輝煌的）evening.It'syearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.（安徽05）A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since易混句型2：Itbe+點時間+when"當(dāng)?shù)臅r候，是”該句型中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句。Be動詞的時態(tài)沒有明確限制，點時間前不加介詞。例.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto'clockhearrivedhome.（福建05）A.beforeB.whenC.thatD.until易混句型3：Itbe+段時間+before…“多久之后才”、“不久就..”該句型主句中be動詞的時態(tài)常是一般將來時或過去時兩種時態(tài).主句中的表語多是long,notlong,days,weeks等表示時間段的詞或短語。例．HowlongdoyouthinkitwillbeChinasendsamanmadespaceshiptothemoon?Perhapstwoorthreeyears.A.whenB.un