《環(huán)境專業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯》課件

SoilSolutionsofSoilProblems吳澤SoilSolutionsofSoilProblems1aftermathn.后果，結(jié)果

Humanbeingshavecausessoilproblemsastheirhistorycanbetraced.Buttheyhaven’trealizeditsseriousaftermathuntilrecently.

追溯人類的歷史，人為造成的土壤問(wèn)題早就存在了。但人們直到最近才意識(shí)到它的嚴(yán)重后果。aftermathn.后果，結(jié)果2Inordertoprotectorevenimprovesoilquality,scientiststryhardtodealwithsoilerosionandsoilpollution.為了保護(hù)甚至改善土壤質(zhì)量,科學(xué)家們努力的去處理土壤侵蝕和土壤的污染。Inordertoprotector3Soilerosionisoneofthemostcriticalenvironmentalandsoilproblemsfacinghumanitytoday.土壤侵蝕是今天人類面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境和土壤問(wèn)題之一。Soilerosionisoneoft4Erosionmakessoillessproductiveoftheplantonwhichanimalandhumandepend,andbeingdisabledtosustainwaterandprotectfromdrought.

侵蝕使土壤所產(chǎn)生的人類和動(dòng)物所依賴的植物的產(chǎn)量有所降低,使之失去了保持水分和抗旱的能力。Erosionmakessoilless5Equallyimportant,erosioncausesgreatdamageinreservoirs,lakes,waterways,andmunicipalwatersupplies.同樣嚴(yán)峻的是，侵蝕對(duì)水庫(kù)、湖泊、河道、和城市用水的供應(yīng)造成很大的損害。Equallyimportant,erosi6Winderosionalsocausesfugitivedustthatmaybeveryharmfultohumanhealth.風(fēng)蝕造成的揚(yáng)塵可能嚴(yán)重危害人類健康。

fugitiveadj.無(wú)常的，易變的

Winderosionalsocauses7Protectingsoilfromtheravagesofwaterandwindisbyfarthemosteffectivewaytoconstrainerosion.Therearetwotypesofmeasures.Theyareengineeringmeasuresandecologicalmeasures.到目前為止，保護(hù)土壤不受水蝕風(fēng)蝕破壞的最有效的方法是約束侵蝕。約束侵蝕有兩類措施，即工程措施和生態(tài)措施。

ravagen.破壞，創(chuàng)傷，蹂躪

constrainvt.強(qiáng)迫，抑制，拘束

Protectingsoilfromth8Engineeringmeasuresareusingterraces,orsome

otherbuildingstosustainsoil;ecologicalmeasuresmainlyuseplantstosustainsoilandimprovesoilquality.工程方法是使用梯田或其它建筑物來(lái)保持土壤;生態(tài)方法主要是運(yùn)用植物來(lái)保持土壤和改善土壤質(zhì)量。terracen.梯田，梯田的一層Engineeringmeasuresar9Incroplandsandforests，suchprotectionisduemainlytothecoverofplantsandtheirresidues.在農(nóng)田和森林中，土壤保護(hù)主要是以植物覆蓋和他們的殘留來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。croplandn.農(nóng)田，植作物之農(nóng)地

residuen.殘余，濾渣，剩余物

Incroplandsandforest10Maintainingcoveragedensityatleast30%hascontributedtothesignificantreductionsinsoilerosion.維護(hù)至少30%的植被覆蓋率可以顯著的降低土壤侵蝕。

Maintainingcoverage11Forthesakeoffutureforestproductivityandcurrentwaterquality,forestersmustbecomemoreselectiveintheirharvestpracticesandinvestmoreinproperforestroadconstrain.

為了未來(lái)的森林生產(chǎn)力和流水的水質(zhì)，林業(yè)工作者應(yīng)該更加有選擇性地從事收獲活動(dòng)，并且在森林道路數(shù)量的限制中投入更多的精力。Forthesakeoffuture12Constrainsitesforbuildings,road,andother

engineeringprojectslaybaremanyscatteredareasofsoilthatadduptoserioussoilerosionproblems.

建筑物、道路和其他工程項(xiàng)目的限建場(chǎng)地裸露的分散在各個(gè)區(qū)域，加重了土壤侵蝕的問(wèn)題。

Constrainsitesforbui13Controlofsedimentfromconstrainsitesrequirescarefullyphaselandclearing,alongwithvegetativeandartificialsoilcovers,andinstallationofvariousbarriersandsediment-holdingponds.

控制限制場(chǎng)地的沉積物需要階段性的仔細(xì)的進(jìn)行地面清掃，同時(shí)還需要植被和人造的土壤覆蓋，以及各種屏障和沉積物貯存池。

phasev.按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行，使配合

Controlofsedimentfro14Soilerosion-controlsystemsmustbedevelopedinrelationtothoseusetheland,andespeciallythepoor,forwhomimmediateneedsmustovershadowconcernsforthefuture.

土壤侵蝕控制系統(tǒng)必須建立和土地使用者的關(guān)系，特別是窮人，對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，眼前的需要遠(yuǎn)大于對(duì)未來(lái)的擔(dān)憂。

overshadowv.遮蔽，使···失色

Soilerosion-controlsy15Peoplealwayscausepollution,butsignificantconcernaboutpollutionproblemsisarecentdevelopmentasaresultofincreasingpopulation,newtypesofpollutants,andincreasinglysensitivetechniquesfordetectingpollutants.

人們總是造成污染，但對(duì)污染問(wèn)題的高度關(guān)注是隨著近年來(lái)人口的增長(zhǎng)、新型污染物的產(chǎn)生和越來(lái)越敏感的污染物檢測(cè)技術(shù)。

Peoplealwayscausepoll16Inordertoprotectsoilandimprovesoilquality,wemustdosoilenvironmentalqualityassessmenttocomprehendandgraspthecapacityandqualityofsoil.

為了保護(hù)土壤和改善土壤質(zhì)量,我們必須對(duì)土壤環(huán)境作出評(píng)估來(lái)理解和把握土壤能力和特性。

assessmentn.評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià)估計(jì)數(shù)

Inordertoprotectsoil17Soilpollutionisthekeysegmentofenvironmentalpollution.Mostpollutantsandtheproductsoftheirbreakdowninsoilreactionscanbetoxictohumansandotheranimalsifthecontaminantsmovefromthesoilintoplants,soilfauna,andparticularlyintowatersupplies.

土壤污染是環(huán)境污染的關(guān)鍵部分。如果大量的污染物和它們?cè)谕寥乐蟹纸獾漠a(chǎn)物從土壤中進(jìn)入植物、土棲動(dòng)物，尤其是進(jìn)入水源，將對(duì)人類和其他動(dòng)物是有毒性的。

faunan.動(dòng)物群，動(dòng)物區(qū)系

Soilpollutionistheke18Protectingsoilfrompollutionsistocontrolthesourcesofpollutantsandreducethequantilyofpollutantsinsoil.

保護(hù)土壤不受污染，主要是控制污染源和減少土壤中污染物的數(shù)量。

Protectingsoilfrompol19Accordingtotheenvironment-protectionpolicyinourcountry,dealingwithsoilpollutionmustgivefirstplacetoprevention.

根據(jù)我國(guó)環(huán)保政策,應(yīng)對(duì)土壤污染必須以預(yù)防為主。

Accordingtotheenviron20Thatistosay,inordertoprotectsoilfrompollution,themainmeasurewecantakeistocontrolandremovethesourcesofpollutants.

也就是說(shuō)：為了保護(hù)土壤不受污染，我們可以采取的主要措施是控制和消除污染物的來(lái)源。

Thatistosay,inorder21There’resomemeasurestocontrolpollutionsources,suchasreducingtheuseofpesticides,usingfertilizers,controllingthequantityofindustrialwaste-waterandsewagewater,etc.

還有一些控制污染來(lái)源的措施,比如減少使用殺蟲劑和肥料，控制工業(yè)廢水和污水的排放等措施。

There’resomemeasurest22Themainmethodstoimprovethequalityofpollutedsoilarephysicalmeasure,ecologicalmeasureandchemicalmeasure,forinstance,deeptillage,organismabsorption,usinginhibitorandorganicfertilizersandsoon.

改善受污染土壤質(zhì)量的主要方法是物理措施、生態(tài)措施和化學(xué)措施，例如，深耕作、生物吸收、使用抑制劑和有機(jī)肥料等。.inhibitorn.抑制劑，抑制者

Themainmethodstoimp23Soilandwaterconservationdealswiththewiseuseoftheseimportantresources.Wiseuserequiresunderstanding,knowledge,andassessment.

水土保護(hù)取決于明智的使用這些重要的資源。明智的使用水土資源需要了解、認(rèn)識(shí)和評(píng)估它們。

Soilandwaterconservat24Sincepopulationincreaserapidly,theimportanceofconservingsoilproductivityandprotectingthequalityofbothsoilandwaterisbecomingcleartomorepeoplethaneverbefore.

隨著人口的迅速增長(zhǎng)，越來(lái)越多的人明顯的意識(shí)到保護(hù)土壤生產(chǎn)力和保護(hù)土壤與水質(zhì)量的重要性。

Sincepopulationincreas25Soilandwaterresourcesintheeartharefiniteandarealreadyunderintensiveuseandmisuse.

地球上的土壤和水資源是有限的，并且已經(jīng)在集約利用和濫用。

Soilandwaterresources26Soilconservationobjectivesincludesbothusingthesoilandmaintainingitsproductivityandqualiy.

水土保持目標(biāo)包括使用土壤和維護(hù)其生產(chǎn)力和質(zhì)量。

Soilconservationobject27Typesandintensityoflanduseandmanagementmustbechosenforlong-termusefulnessofthelandaswellasforcurrentneeds.

土地的類型、使用強(qiáng)度和管理必須考慮到其長(zhǎng)期的使用和當(dāng)前的需要。

Typesandintensityofla28SoilSolutionsofSoilProblems吳澤SoilSolutionsofSoilProblems29aftermathn.后果，結(jié)果

Humanbeingshavecausessoilproblemsastheirhistorycanbetraced.Buttheyhaven’trealizeditsseriousaftermathuntilrecently.

追溯人類的歷史，人為造成的土壤問(wèn)題早就存在了。但人們直到最近才意識(shí)到它的嚴(yán)重后果。aftermathn.后果，結(jié)果30Inordertoprotectorevenimprovesoilquality,scientiststryhardtodealwithsoilerosionandsoilpollution.為了保護(hù)甚至改善土壤質(zhì)量,科學(xué)家們努力的去處理土壤侵蝕和土壤的污染。Inordertoprotector31Soilerosionisoneofthemostcriticalenvironmentalandsoilproblemsfacinghumanitytoday.土壤侵蝕是今天人類面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境和土壤問(wèn)題之一。Soilerosionisoneoft32Erosionmakessoillessproductiveoftheplantonwhichanimalandhumandepend,andbeingdisabledtosustainwaterandprotectfromdrought.

侵蝕使土壤所產(chǎn)生的人類和動(dòng)物所依賴的植物的產(chǎn)量有所降低,使之失去了保持水分和抗旱的能力。Erosionmakessoilless33Equallyimportant,erosioncausesgreatdamageinreservoirs,lakes,waterways,andmunicipalwatersupplies.同樣嚴(yán)峻的是，侵蝕對(duì)水庫(kù)、湖泊、河道、和城市用水的供應(yīng)造成很大的損害。Equallyimportant,erosi34Winderosionalsocausesfugitivedustthatmaybeveryharmfultohumanhealth.風(fēng)蝕造成的揚(yáng)塵可能嚴(yán)重危害人類健康。

fugitiveadj.無(wú)常的，易變的

Winderosionalsocauses35Protectingsoilfromtheravagesofwaterandwindisbyfarthemosteffectivewaytoconstrainerosion.Therearetwotypesofmeasures.Theyareengineeringmeasuresandecologicalmeasures.到目前為止，保護(hù)土壤不受水蝕風(fēng)蝕破壞的最有效的方法是約束侵蝕。約束侵蝕有兩類措施，即工程措施和生態(tài)措施。

ravagen.破壞，創(chuàng)傷，蹂躪

constrainvt.強(qiáng)迫，抑制，拘束

Protectingsoilfromth36Engineeringmeasuresareusingterraces,orsome

otherbuildingstosustainsoil;ecologicalmeasuresmainlyuseplantstosustainsoilandimprovesoilquality.工程方法是使用梯田或其它建筑物來(lái)保持土壤;生態(tài)方法主要是運(yùn)用植物來(lái)保持土壤和改善土壤質(zhì)量。terracen.梯田，梯田的一層Engineeringmeasuresar37Incroplandsandforests，suchprotectionisduemainlytothecoverofplantsandtheirresidues.在農(nóng)田和森林中，土壤保護(hù)主要是以植物覆蓋和他們的殘留來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。croplandn.農(nóng)田，植作物之農(nóng)地

residuen.殘余，濾渣，剩余物

Incroplandsandforest38Maintainingcoveragedensityatleast30%hascontributedtothesignificantreductionsinsoilerosion.維護(hù)至少30%的植被覆蓋率可以顯著的降低土壤侵蝕。

Maintainingcoverage39Forthesakeoffutureforestproductivityandcurrentwaterquality,forestersmustbecomemoreselectiveintheirharvestpracticesandinvestmoreinproperforestroadconstrain.

為了未來(lái)的森林生產(chǎn)力和流水的水質(zhì)，林業(yè)工作者應(yīng)該更加有選擇性地從事收獲活動(dòng)，并且在森林道路數(shù)量的限制中投入更多的精力。Forthesakeoffuture40Constrainsitesforbuildings,road,andother

engineeringprojectslaybaremanyscatteredareasofsoilthatadduptoserioussoilerosionproblems.

建筑物、道路和其他工程項(xiàng)目的限建場(chǎng)地裸露的分散在各個(gè)區(qū)域，加重了土壤侵蝕的問(wèn)題。

Constrainsitesforbui41Controlofsedimentfromconstrainsitesrequirescarefullyphaselandclearing,alongwithvegetativeandartificialsoilcovers,andinstallationofvariousbarriersandsediment-holdingponds.

控制限制場(chǎng)地的沉積物需要階段性的仔細(xì)的進(jìn)行地面清掃，同時(shí)還需要植被和人造的土壤覆蓋，以及各種屏障和沉積物貯存池。

phasev.按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行，使配合

Controlofsedimentfro42Soilerosion-controlsystemsmustbedevelopedinrelationtothoseusetheland,andespeciallythepoor,forwhomimmediateneedsmustovershadowconcernsforthefuture.

土壤侵蝕控制系統(tǒng)必須建立和土地使用者的關(guān)系，特別是窮人，對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，眼前的需要遠(yuǎn)大于對(duì)未來(lái)的擔(dān)憂。

overshadowv.遮蔽，使···失色

Soilerosion-controlsy43Peoplealwayscausepollution,butsignificantconcernaboutpollutionproblemsisarecentdevelopmentasaresultofincreasingpopulation,newtypesofpollutants,andincreasinglysensitivetechniquesfordetectingpollutants.

人們總是造成污染，但對(duì)污染問(wèn)題的高度關(guān)注是隨著近年來(lái)人口的增長(zhǎng)、新型污染物的產(chǎn)生和越來(lái)越敏感的污染物檢測(cè)技術(shù)。

Peoplealwayscausepoll44Inordertoprotectsoilandimprovesoilquality,wemustdosoilenvironmentalqualityassessmenttocomprehendandgraspthecapacityandqualityofsoil.

為了保護(hù)土壤和改善土壤質(zhì)量,我們必須對(duì)土壤環(huán)境作出評(píng)估來(lái)理解和把握土壤能力和特性。

assessmentn.評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià)估計(jì)數(shù)

Inordertoprotectsoil45Soilpollutionisthekeysegmentofenvironmentalpollution.Mostpollutantsandtheproductsoftheirbreakdowninsoilreactionscanbetoxictohumansandotheranimalsifthecontaminantsmovefromthesoilintoplants,soilfauna,andparticularlyintowatersupplies.

土壤污染是環(huán)境污染的關(guān)鍵部分。如果大量的污染物和它們?cè)谕寥乐蟹纸獾漠a(chǎn)物從土壤中進(jìn)入植物、土棲動(dòng)物，尤其是進(jìn)入水源，將對(duì)人類和其他動(dòng)物是有毒性的。

faunan.動(dòng)物群，動(dòng)物區(qū)系

Soilpollutionistheke46Protectingsoilfrompollutionsistocontrolthesourcesofpollutantsandreducethequantilyofpollutantsinsoil.

保護(hù)土壤不受污染，主要是控制污染源和減少土壤中污染物的數(shù)量。

Protectingsoilfrompol47Accordingtotheenvironment-protectionpolicyinourcountry,dealingwithsoilpollutionmustgivefirstplacetoprevention.

根據(jù)我國(guó)環(huán)保政策,應(yīng)對(duì)土壤污染必須以預(yù)防為主。

Accordingtotheenviron48Thatistosay,inordertoprotectsoilfrompollution,themainmeasurewecantakeistocontrolandremovethesourcesofpollutants.

也就是說(shuō)：為了保護(hù)土壤不受污染，我們可以采取的主要措施是控制和消除污染物的來(lái)源。

Thatistosay,inorder49There’resomemeasurestocontrolpollutionsources,suchasreducingtheuseofpesticides,usingfertilizers,controllingthequantityofindustrialwaste-waterandsewagewater,etc.

還有一些控制污染來(lái)源的措施,比如減少使用殺蟲劑和肥料，控制工業(yè)廢水和污水的排放等措施。

There’resomemeasurest50Themainmethodstoimprovethequalityof