常用醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞根一

常用醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞根一常用醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞根一常用醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞根一資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月常用醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞根一版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：常用醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞根詞綴人體主要器官前綴名稱通用名前（后）綴常用形容詞示例心heartcardiao-cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology腦brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology膽gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy腸intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy腎kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology與人體系統(tǒng)、器官有關(guān)的前（后）綴名稱通用名前（后）綴示例血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular靜脈veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction動脈arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神經(jīng)nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron細(xì)胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital體bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome與數(shù)字有關(guān)的前綴數(shù)字前綴示例一（單）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七h(yuǎn)epta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octalsystem九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter注：十位數(shù)的表示一般為：個位數(shù)前綴+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）顏色及與顏色有關(guān)的前綴顏色通用名前綴示例色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer紅rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黃yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma藍(lán)bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple綠green棕brownbrownmixture/brownring橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG粉紅pinkoinkfrothysputum緋紅crimson青銅bronzedbronzeddiabetes注：有些病名的“藍(lán)”“紫”“青”為同義，其前綴都為“cyano-”.與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴(1)含義前（后）綴形容詞示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病態(tài)-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多l(xiāng)eukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis減少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia無a-/an-atypicalanuria/agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopicmacronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly復(fù)合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴(2)含義前（后）綴示例相反dis-disease/disorder/disability困難/障礙dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎癥-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/塊-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血癥-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea壞死-necrosis/necro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia結(jié)石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes與方位有關(guān)的前綴含義通用詞前綴示例上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferiorinfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac內(nèi)nner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial間betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/對oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication注：invivo/in’vaivou/活體內(nèi);invitro/invaitrou/活體外或試管內(nèi)；insitu/in’saitju:/原位與外科手術(shù)有關(guān)的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切開-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割）-tometracheotome/thoracotome吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形術(shù)-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矯）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography經(jīng)…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前綴，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy為方法，如：electrocardigraphy心電圖檢查術(shù)；graph為儀器，如：electrocardigraph心電圖機；gram為圖象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄。與化學(xué)品有關(guān)的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例酸鹽atesulfate/nitrate/acetate醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone糖glyco-gly