2021年自考英語(二)資料(-unit-12)

Unit12ABreakfromLifeNewwordsandexpressionsNewwordscrankyadj. 脾氣壞的laundryn. 要〔或正在〕洗的衣物；剛洗好的衣物resemblev.看起來像；顯得像；像resemble:takeafterresemblaneethrobn. 〔強烈有規(guī)律的〕跳動；陣陣的疼痛subsidev.趨于平靜；平息；減弱；消退achev.疼痛；隱痛jointn.關節(jié)shufflev. 拖著腳走wigglev. 〔使〕扭動，擺動，搖動snifflen.抽鼻子〔聲〕tissuen.〔 尤指用作手帕的〕紙巾，手巾紙pillown.枕頭crackv. 找到解決〔難題等的〕方法contagiousadj. 患接觸性傳染病的germn. 微生物；細菌；病菌resourcefuladj. 機敏的；足智多謀的；隨機應變的scroungev. 覓?。凰褜urturev. 養(yǎng)育；養(yǎng)護；培養(yǎng)choren. 令人厭煩的任務、乏味無聊的工作respiten. 暫停；暫緩manufacturev.編造；捏造symptomn.病癥pamperv.細心照顧；精心護理；嬌慣；縱容hermitn.隱土；隱修者；遁世者geln.凝膠，凍膠〔尤指用于頭發(fā)或護膚的產品〕heartyadj.大的；豐富的chamomilen. 蘋果菊；春黃菊；甘菊vanilla-scentedadj. 香草味的gingerlyadv. 慎重地；小心翼翼地；輕手輕腳地gratefuladj.感謝的；表示感的begratefultosb.forsth.ungrateful比較：gracefuldisgraceful31.span.水療32.tubn.浴缸；浴盆33.drainn.下水道；排水管refreshv. 使恢復精力；使涼爽emotionally adv.感情上地；情感上地emotionemotionalempowerv.增加〔某人的〕自主權；使控制局勢permissionn.準許；許可；批準permit38.justifyv.對…作岀解釋；為…辯白〔或辯護〕39.awarenessn.矢知道；認識；意識PhrasesandExpressions1.pileup堆積；積壓2.comedownwith 患，得，染上〔小病〕3.slipaway消失；消亡；死去4.respondto作岀反響；響應5.carefor照顧，照料〔病、老、幼者等〕6.tendto照料；照管；護理TextLearningFeelingFreeIwokeupfeelingcranky.Ididn'twanttodohousework,thoughthelaundrywaspilingup.Ididn'twanttoreadtheworkIbroughthomefromtheoffice.Ididn'twanttodoanythingthatresembledresponsiblebehavior.Itwasthatkindofday. 〔承上總結句〕AsIdrankmymorningtea,IthoughtIfeltaheadachecomingon.Yes,thereitwas,adullthrobjustbehindmyeyes.MaybeIshouldgobacktobeduntilit subsided.AsIputthedishesinthesink,itseemedthatmymuscleswerebeginningtoache.Orwastheacheinmyjoints?ThatcouldmeanIwas comingdownwiththeflu. 〔承上啟下句〕 EveryoneIknewhadthefluthisyear.WhyshouldIbetheonetoescapeit?Iabsolutelyshouldbeinbed.Ishuffledbacktobed,wiggledunderthecoversandshutmyeyes.⑴ Anothercoupleofhoursofsleepwouldbesonice,butIwasalready completelyawake.Ioughttogetup.Butno,therewasthatheadacheandthebeginningofasniffle.Bettergetthetissues.本局部重點與難點：Anothercoupleofhoursofsleepwouldbesonice,butIwasalready completelyawake.becompletely/wideawakebefast/soundasleepOnmywaybackfromthebathroomwithafamily-sized〔適合全家用的〕tissuebox,IstoppedtograbthatbignewnovelIhadboughtbuthadnotimetoread.Iopenedthebookandsettledagainstthepillows.Themorningwasmovingalongandsowasmyreading.AnothertwentypagesandIwasstretching.Ishouldtryto crack〔找到解決方法〕thereportIwasworkingon.Ishouldatleastgetupanddothewash.WhatifIwascontagious?Icertainlydidn'twantto spreadanygerms.Thewashcouldwait.(2)Myfamilywasresourcefulenoughtoscroungeclothingforthenextday.MaybeIwasn'tactually gettingtheflu.Ididn'treallywanttobesick.Tobetruthful,allIwantedwasalittletime off.(3)Ineededtonurturemyselfawayfrompeople,chores,careerandtheoutsideworld. DidIhavetowaittobesicktodothat?Asachild,the onlyrespitefromschoolorfamilychoreswasillness.ButIwasn'tachildanymore.(4) DidIhavetomanufacturesymptomstoprovidemyselfwithanexcuse?No,Idecided,Ididn't.本局部重點與難點：Myfamilywasresourcefulenoughtoscroungeclothingforthenextday.家人足夠有能力找到第二天能穿的衣服。3.Ineededtonurturemyselfawayfrompeople,chores,careerandtheoutsideworld.nurture養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)，培育；支持，鼓勵Parentswanttoknowthebestwaytonurtureandraisetheirchildtoadulthood. 父母們想了解把他們的孩子養(yǎng)育成人的最好方法。Shehadalwaysnurturedgreatambitionsforherson. 她一直在培養(yǎng)她兒子的雄心大志。Thehumanlearnspartlybynature,partlybynurture. 人的學習能力局部是先天的，局部是后天培育的。natureandnurture先天與后天，遺傳與環(huán)境；先天遺傳說和后天培養(yǎng)說Wewanttonurturetheproject,notdestroyit. 我們要支持這個新工程，不要破壞它。DidIhavetomanufacturesymptomstoprovidemyselfwithanexcuse?manufacture編造，捏造providesb.withsth./providesth.forsb.Italkedtomyself.Okay,Isaid,youneedadayoff.Admitit.Acceptit.Tossouttheguiltandenjoyamini-vacation.Whatwouldyouliketodo?Read?You'realreadydoingthat.Pamperyourself?Takeabubblebath.Beahermit?Letthemachineanswerthephone.Ipouredhalfthebottleof bathgelintothestreamingwaterandaddedaheartyhandfulofchamomilebathsalts.ThenIlitavanilla-scentedcandleandgingerlysteppedintothebathtub.Withagratefulsigh,Iimmersedmyselfinmyhomemadespa.Iheardthephoneringsomewhereoffinthedistaneeandsmiled.Itisfunnyhowtheachessubsidedintheheatofthetub. Theyjustslippedawaywiththelastofthebubblesdownthedrain.Myheadfeltjustfine,thethrobreplacedbyasenseofwell-being.Bylateafternoon, Iwasbackatit,refreshedphysically, mentallyandemotionally. Andratherthanfeelinghelpless,Ifeltempowered.(5) Ihadgivenmyselfpermissiontolistenandrespondtomyneeds,tocareformyselfthewayItendedtomyfamily. (6)Ididn'tneedthecrutchofillnesstojustifyarest.Itwassuchasimpleawareness,butthen isn'titthesimplethingsthatsetusfree? 本局部重點與難點：Ihadgivenmyselfpermissiontolistenandrespondtomyneeds,tocareformyselfthewayItendedtomyfamily.givesb.permissiontodosth.respondtoone'sneeds:meetone'sneedsthewaysb.didsth.⑷tendtosb.照顧，照料(5)譯文：我給了自己傾聽并滿足自己需求的時機，像照顧家人一樣關心一下自己。Ididn'tneedthecrutchofillnesstojustifyarest.crutch: 拐杖；依靠，支持justify:provesth.tobereasonableThehighqualityoftheclothjustifiesitshighprice.局部練習講解P325BridgingtheGapDirections:Fillintheblankswitha wordoraphrasethatbestcompletesthepassage.Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven.解題方法：把詞分類動詞形容詞副詞介詞代詞getoutofpositivephysicallythroughonefreeunfortunatelyinadditiontoeither〔限定詞〕ratherthanNothingtakesitstollonthebody 〔對身體有害〕likestress.1Inadditiontothementaldamagethatitcauses,stressisalsolinkedtomanydiseases,includingcancer.2Unfortunately,intoday'sworld,mostofusareexperiencingastressfullifewithnowaytogetoutofit- orsowethink.Ifyouare3oneofthemanypeoplewhowanttoalleviateyourstress,youcanlearnsomesimpletechniquestohelpyou4 getoutoftheviciouscycleofleadingastressfullife.Yourstressfullifedoesnotjustaffectyou,buteveryonearoundyou.Itaffectsyourrelationshipsaswellasanychildrenorco-workers.Mostofall,itcanactuallymakeyou5physicallyill.Doyoureallywanttogo6—throughtherestofyourlifefeeling"stressedout"?Doyouliketheideaoffeeling"outofcontrol"andthateverythinginlifeisatrial?Perhapsitistimeforyoutoconfrontthissituationandseekhelptorestoresomesortofbalanceinyourlifeandbreak7 freefromthiscycle.Therearemanyfacetstostress.Stressmanifestsitself〔顯露〕inmanydifferent waysand

canbe8eitherself-induced 〔自誘導的〕 orsomethingthatoccursinlife.Wecanneverrathereliminatestressfromourlives,asstressfulsituationsarepartoflife.However,wecanlearntoreacttostressina9 positivemannerandtakecontrolofthesituation10ratherthanallowingthestresstoremainincontrol.I.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwordsskinnyadj. 極瘦的；干瘦的；皮包骨頭的curlyadj.鬈發(fā)〔或毛〕的；卷曲狀的adjustv.適應；習慣worthwhileadj. 重要的；令人愉快的；有趣的；得花時間〔或花錢、努力等〕的pubertyn.青春期temptingadj.吸引人的；誘人的；有吸引力的celebn.名人〔celebrity 的縮寫〕bloomern. 完全成熟的人temporaryadj. 短暫的；暫時的；臨時的spurtn.〔速度、干勁、活動或感情的〕短時激增，迸發(fā)permanentlyadv. 永久地；永恒地；長久地genen.基因embarrassedadj.〔人或行為〕〔尤指在社交場合〕窘迫的，為難的，害羞的embarrassembarrassedembarrassingembarrassmenttoone'sembarrassmentmuchtoone'sembarrassmenttoone'sgreatembarrassmentmaturev.成熟；長成maturityimmaturebulked-upadj. 脹大的；發(fā)起來的influeneev.影響；對…起作用influential注意比較benefit-beneficialcriticizev.批評；批判；挑剔；指責criticcriticalcriticismhurtfuladj. 感情的；傷害自尊的peern.身份〔或地〕丨一樣的人；同齡人；同輩racialadj.種族的；種族間的ethnicadj.種族的；民族的prejudicen.偏見；成見ignorancen.無矢知ignoreignorantindependentadj.自立的；自食其力的boostv. 使增長；使興旺optimisticadj.樂觀的；抱樂觀看法的optimistoptimism反義詞：pessimistpessimisticpessimismcapableadj.有能力的；有才能的incapablecapabilitylifestylen. 生活方式；工作方式combinationn.結合體；聯(lián)合體；混合體combinecombined結合的，化合的verifyv.核實；查對；核準ultimatelyadv.最終；最后；終歸nutritiousadj.有營養(yǎng)的；營養(yǎng)豐富的nutritionmalnutrition再如：maltreat,malfunctionPhrasesandExpressionsput…down使〔當眾〕岀丑；使岀洋相；讓某人現(xiàn)眼gothrough經歷；遭受belinkedto與…有聯(lián)系fillout膨脹；擴；長胖；長肥feelgood 感到愉快〔或有信心等〕keeptrackof了解…的情況〔或動態(tài)〕II.TextLearningSelf-EsteemandBodyImageI'mfat.I'mtooskinny.I'dbehappyifIweretaller,shorter,hadcurlyhair,straighthair,asmallernose,,biggermuscles,longerlegs.Doanyofthesestatementssoundfamiliar?〔承上句〕Areyouusedtoputtingyourselfdown?Ifso,you'renotalone.Asateen,you'regoingthroughatonofchanges 〔大量的變化〕 inyourbody.Andasyourbodychanges,sodoesyourimageofyourself.Lotsofpeople havetroubleadjusting,andthiscanaffecttheirself-esteem.WhyAreSelf-EsteemandBodyImageImportant?Self-esteemisallabouthowmuchpeoplevaluethemselves,thepridetheyfeelinthemselves,andhowworthwhiletheyfeel.Self-esteemisimportantbecausefeelinggoodaboutyourselfcanaffecthowyouact.Apersonwhohashighself-esteemwillmakefriendseasily,ismoreincontrolofhisorherbehavior,andwillenjoylifemore.Bodyimageishowsomeonefeelsabouthisorherownphysicalappearanee.Formanypeople,especiallythoseintheirearlyteens,bodyimagecanbecloselylinkedtoself-esteem.That'sbecauseaskidsdevelopintoteens,theycaremoreabouthowothersseethem. 〔承上句〕WhatInfluencesaPerson'sSelf-Esteem?PubertySometeensstrugglewiththeirself-esteemwhentheybeginpubertybecausethebodygoesthroughmanychanges.⑴Thesechanges,combinedwithanaturaldesiretofeelaccepted,meanitcanbetemptingforpeopletocomparethemselveswithothers. Theymaycomparethemselveswiththepeoplearoundthemorwithactorsandcelebstheysee onTV,inmovies,orinmagazines.本局部重點與難點：Thesechanges,combinedwithanaturaldesiretofeelaccepted,meanitcanbetemptingforpeopletocomparethemselveswithothers.⑴naturaldesire天生的欲望(2)itcanbe tempting〔吸引人的，誘惑人的〕 forpeopletocomparethemselveswithothers中it是形式主語，真正的主語是 forpeopletocomparethemselveswithothers,forpeople 作不定式的邏輯主語。注意不定式和動名詞邏輯主語的選擇It'sselfishofyoutothinkofyourselfallthetime 〔你老是想著自己〕It'simportant foryoutomasteraforeignlanguage 〔你掌握一門外語〕It's+adj.+ofsb.todosth. 此類形容詞包括： nice,kind,cruel,selfish,selfless,brave,wise,foolish,stupid等。Doyoumindmy/me/Tom's/Tomopeningthewindow〔我/湯姆開窗〕？His/Tom'shavinglefthome〔他/湯姆離家岀走〕madehisparentsverysad.請認真答題，答題結果將記入知識點測評的成績！ 【單項選擇題】24.It'sessential tokeepadictionaryathandwhileyouarereadinganEnglishnovel.A.thatyouB.yourC.ofyouD.foryou【答案】D【解析】此題考查不定式的邏輯主語。形容詞essential不是表示人的品質、行為的詞，應選擇foryou而不是ofyou。如果選擇A應該把題干中空格后的to去掉，即essential后接用虛擬語氣的從句。【知識點】不定式的邏輯主語(2)Butit'simpossibletomeasureourselvesagainstothersbecausethechangesthatcomewithpubertyaredifferentforeveryone.〔承上啟下句、主題句〕 Somepeoplestartdevelopingearly;othersarelatebloomers.Somegetatemporarylayeroffattopreparefora growthspurt〔急劇增長〕；othersfillout permanently,andstillothersfeelliketheystayskinnynomatterhowmuchtheyeat.(3) Italldependsonhowourgeneshaveprogrammedourbodiestoact.〔承上總結句〕Thechangesthatcomewithpubertycanaffecthowbothgirlsandguysfeelaboutthemselves.Somegirlsmayfeeluncomfortableorembarrassedabouttheirmaturingbodies.Othersmaywishthattheyweredevelopingfaster.Girls mayfeetpressuretobethinbutguysmayfeelliketheydon'tlookbigormuscularenough.本局部重點與難點：Butit'simpossibletomeasureourselvesagainstothersbecausethechangesthatcomewithpubertyaredifferentforeveryone.measureoneselfagainst... 對照 評價自己，一較上下，與 比賽Italldependsonhowourgeneshaveprogrammedourbodiestoact.⑴dependon 取決于Itdepends. 看情況吧。⑵program 使按預定的步驟進展ourgeneshaveprogrammedourbodiestoact 我們的基因已經設定好了身體將如何成長OutsideInfluenceslt's notjustdevelopment thataffectsself-esteem,though.Manyotherfactors(likemediaimagesofskinnygirlsandbulked-upguys)canaffectaperson'sbodyimagetoo.Familylifecansometimesinfluenceself-esteem.Someparentsspendmoretimecriticizingtheirkidsandthewaytheylookthanpraisingthem,whichcanreducekids'abilitytodevelopgoodself-esteem.Peoplealsomayexperiencenegativecommentsandhurtfulteasingaboutthewaytheylookfromclassmatesandpeers.Sometimesracialandethnicprejudiceisthesourceofsuchcomments.Althoughtheseoftencomefromignorance,sometimestheycanaffectsomeone'sbodyimageandself-esteem.HealthySelf-EsteemIfyouhaveapositivebodyimage,youprobablylikeandacceptyourselfthewayyouare.Thishealthyattitudeallowsyoutoexploreotheraspectsofgrowingup,suchas developinggoodfriendships ,growingmore independentfromyourparents,andchallengingyourselfphysically—andmentally._Developingthesepartsofyourselfcanhelpboostyourself-esteem.Apositive,optimisticattitudecanhelppeopledevelopstrongself-esteem.Forexample,saying,"Hey,I'mhuman"insteadof"Wow,I'msuchaloser"whenyou'vemadeamistake,ornotblamingotherswhenthingsdon'tgoasexpected.Knowingwhatmakesyouhappyandhowtomeetyourgoalscanhelpyoufeelcapable,strong,andincontrolofyourlife.Apositiveattitudeandahealthylifestyle(suchasexercisingandeatingright)areagreatcombinationforbuildinggoodself-esteem.TipsforImprovingYourBodyImageSomepeoplethinktheyneedtochangehowtheylookoracttofeelgoodaboutthemselves.Butactuallyallyouneedtodoischangethewayyouseeyourbodyandhowyouthinkaboutyourself.Thefirstthingtodoisrecognizethatyourbodyisyourown,nomatterwhatshape,size,orcoloritcomesin.Ifyou'reveryworriedaboutyourweightorsize,checkwithyourdoctortoverifythatthingsareOK.Butit'snoone'sbusinessbutyourownwhatyourbodyislike.Ultimately,youhavetobehappywithyourself.Next,identifywhichaspectsofyourappearaneeyoucanrealisticallychangeandwhichyoucan't. Everyone(eventhemostperfect-seeming〔外表上〕celeb)hasthingsaboutthemselvesthattheycan'tchangeandneedtoaccept,liketheirheight,forexample,ortheirshoesize.(4)Iftherearethingsaboutyourselfthatyouwanttochangeandcan(suchashowfityouare),dothisbymakinggoalsforyourself.Forexample,ifyouwanttogetfit, makeaplantoexerciseeverydayandeatnutritiousfoods.Thenkeeptrackofyourprogressuntilyoureachyourgoal.Meetingachallengeyousetforyourselfisagreatwaytoboostself-esteem!本局部重點與難點Iftherearethingsaboutyourselfthatyouwanttochangeandcan(suchashowfityouare),dothisbymakinggoals foryourself.dosth.foroneselfGoodstudentsshouldlearntothinkforthemselves.dosth.byoneselfBecausetherewasnobodyelse,hehadtodoitbyhimself.livetooneselfHeboughtahousenearhiswidowedmother'sbecausehedidn'twanthertolivetoherself.請認真答題，答題結果將記入知識點測評的成績！ 【單項選擇題】25.Youareover18now,sotrytocarryoutthetask oneself.Thatis,pleasetrytodoit .by,independentfor,independentlyto,dependentlyin,dependently【答案】B【解析】此題考查for/to/byoneself與dependently/independently 。foroneself相當于independently，強調主觀能動性，意為"獨立地"；byoneself相當于alone,強調客觀含義，意為"

單獨地“。故此題選擇B,句意為“你已經超過18歲了，所以盡量獨立完成這樣任務。也就是說，請獨立做這件事。"【知識點】for/to/byoneself 與dependently/independently重點知識補充：構詞法英語單詞的構成有一定的規(guī)律，這種規(guī)律稱為構詞法。掌握構詞法知識對我們更好地理解詞義、認識新詞和擴大詞匯量有重要意義。構詞法主要有三種：派生法、合成法和轉換法。一、派生法在一個詞的詞根前面或后面加上某個詞綴來產生新詞,〔一〕后綴：

這種構詞法稱為派生法。詞綴分為前綴和后綴許多名詞、形容詞、副詞和動詞是由詞根加后綴構成的1.構成名詞的常用后綴有：〔1〕-er,-or,-ist,-ee,-ian,-ese,-ant 等用于構成表示人或物的名稱。女口:writer, translator, trainee, employee,scientist, physicist,musician, physician,Italian,Asian,Chinese,assistant 等?！?〕-ance,-ence,-(a)tion,-sion,-al,-ing,-ity,-ment,-th,-ty,-ure,-ship 等用于構成表示行為、性質、狀態(tài)等的抽象名詞。如:acceptanee,assistanee,dependence,confidence,repetition,preparation,discussion,division,arrival,survival,approval,disapproval,building,reality,simplicity,ability,rapidity,regularity, argument,warmth,length,growth,safety,leadership,failure,pressure,friendship等?！?〕其他名詞后綴：-hood,-ness,-ology,-phy。女口：childhood,neighborhood〔附近，街坊〕，motherhood〔母性，母親身份〕，kindness,happiness,sadness,biology,psychology,philosophy,geography2.構成形容詞的常用后綴有：-able,-ible,-al,-ful,-less,-ish,-ive,-ous,-an,-ic,-ly,-y,-ant,-ent,-ary,-en 等。女口:available,suitable,responsible,natural, nati