GCT英語(yǔ)精講講義02-語(yǔ)法

工碩考研輔導(dǎo):語(yǔ)法部分該文檔有以下視頻課件語(yǔ)法和詞匯:共有10道題,每題2分。前5道題為詞匯題;后5道為語(yǔ)法概念題。該部分時(shí)間大約8分鐘,分值為20分。掌握基本的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),要求能在閱讀、寫作等過程中能夠正確運(yùn)用這些知識(shí),達(dá)到獲取有關(guān)信息和基本表達(dá)、交流思想的目的。具體需要掌握的內(nèi)容如下:1.名詞、代詞的數(shù)和格的構(gòu)成形式及其用法;2.動(dòng)詞的基本時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式及其用法;3.形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成形式及其用法;4.常用連接詞、冠詞的詞義及其用法;5.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞的構(gòu)成形式及其用法;6.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成及其用法;7.各類從句的構(gòu)成及其用法;8.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法;9.常用倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)。第一節(jié)名詞例題:1.MrandMrs.Smitharesoexcitedtoday,fortheyboughtyesterday.A.manyfurnituresB.somanyfurnitureC.quiteafewfurnitureD.alotoffurniture2.havetraveledinspace-shipsalready.A.WomenastronautsB.WomenastronautC.WomanastronautsD.Womanastronaut3.havecomeupwiththesolutionstotheproblem.A.TheboystudentB.TheboysstudentC.TheboystudentsC.Theboysstudents4.LiYinghasthree.A.brother-in-lawB.brothers-in-lawC.brothers-in-lawsD.brother-in-laws5.Ifyouarefrightened,telloneof.A.thegrown-upB.thegrown-upsC.theup-grownsD.theup-grown6.Theladyoverthereis.A.JaneandMarymotherB.JaneandMary’smotherC.Jane’sandMary’smotherD.Jane’sandMarymother7.Thereweremorethantherewereseatsontheplane.A.stand-byB.stands-byC.stands-bysD.stand-bys8.Heneedsa.A.fewdays’restB.fewdaysrestC.littledays’restD.littledaysrest9.Iborrowedabookofyesterday.A.youB.yourC.yoursD.your’s10.EversincePicasso’spaintingwentonexhibit,there______largecrowdsatthemuseumeveryday.A.isB.hasbeenC.havebeenD.are第二節(jié)代詞例題1.Itwaswhocleanedthedormroom.A.heandIB.himandmeC.heandmeD.HimandI2.Thesemachinesarebetterthanweusedlastyear.A.thatB.whatC.thoseD.which3.“MayIhelpyouwithsomeshoes,sir?”“Yes,I’dliketotryonthoseblack.”A.oneB.onesC.twoD.pair4.“DoyoulikethebookSidneygaveyou?”“Verymuch.It’sexactlyIwanted.”A.onewhichB.theoneC.onewhatD.onethat5.“Haveyoufoundthepenyoulostyesterday?”“Yes,Ihavefound.”A.oneB.itC.eitherD.both6.PoeandHawthorneinthedevelopmentoftheshortstoryasadistinctiveAmericangenre.A.andbothleaderswereB.bothwereleadersC.werebothleadersD.whowereleaders7.Myparentsinthisevening.A.arebothB.allareC.bothareD.areall8.areveryclever.A.BoththemB.BothofthemC.ThebothboysD.Bothofboys9.Catherinehadspentmowingthelawn.A.thewholedayB.allduringthedayC.altogetheradayD.entirelyaday10.thegirlscameonthetrip.A.NeitherB.NobodyofC.NoneofD.Nooneof第三節(jié)形容詞和副詞例題1.Hissalaryasadriverismuchhigher.A.thanateacherB.thanthatofateacherC.thatofateacherD.thanthoseofateacher2.allthepoemsIhavereadrecently,ThomasHardy’sTheDarklingThrustseemsthemostrelevanttoourtimes.A.OfB.AmongC.InD.About3.Tothebestofmyknowledge,theclimateinArizonaisbetteryear-round.A.thananyotherstateB.thanotherstatesC.thaninanyotherstateD.thanisanyotherstate4.Questioningthequalityoftheairtheybreathebecomeslessimportantthanaboutthenextpaycheck.A.havingquestionedB.questioningC.tohavequestionedD.question5.Heliveinthecountrythaninthecity.A.wouldB.likestoC.wouldratherD.hadbetter6.ThecultureandcustomsofAmericaaremorelikeofEnglandthanofanyothercountry.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.those7.Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighthanthesamefoodpackedincans,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialcondition.A.fewB.fewerC.littleD.less8.ButshewouldratherstayathomealonethantoJane’sgossip.A.tolistenB.listeningC.listenD.listened9.Thenewmethodforrefiningaluminumwasthatitbecamepracticalformanypurposes,oneofthefirstofwhichwasformakingpotsandpans.A.somorecheaperB.somuchcheaperC.somanycheaperD.suchmuchcheaper10.livingthingsarelinkedtogetherasintimatelythanbeesandflowers.A.FewerB.FewC.LittleD.Less第四節(jié)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。在句子中它們起著一些特殊的作用。一般來說,動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的其他各種成分;動(dòng)名詞只可作句子的主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ);分詞只能作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)及補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。即使是作同一種成分,不同非謂語(yǔ)形式之間仍然存在差異。不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可表示目的、原因、結(jié)果和方式等;分詞作狀語(yǔ)不僅可表示原因、結(jié)果方式,還可以表示時(shí)間、條件、伴隨情況及讓步等。因此考生在做題時(shí)應(yīng)分析狀語(yǔ)表達(dá)的是何種意思,才能做出正確的選擇。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的表達(dá)形式見下表。不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞一般時(shí)完成時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingdoinghavingdone-havingbeendoingbeingdonehavingdone-havingbeendoingdone---不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞一般被動(dòng)式完成被動(dòng)式tobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendonebeingdonehavingbeendone____例題1.Thestudentsexpectedtheremorereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.A.isB.tobeC.beingD.havebeen2.WhereshallIputmyboxes?Thedraweristheplace.A.toputthemB.puttingtheminC.toputinthemD.toputthemin3.Shehasnopencil.A.towriteaboutB.towritewithC.towriteD.towritein4.Thoughsmall,theroomiscomfortable.A.toliveB.toliveinC.livinginD.livein5.Thegirlwalkedquietlyintotheroomawakeherroommates.A.soastoB.inordernottoC.soastonotD.fortonot6.Weweresurprisedattheexam.A.himnotpassB.hispassingnotC.hisnotpassingD.himnottopass7.one’sworkproperlymaybeworsethannotdoingitatall.A.NottodoB.DoingnotC.DoingD.Notdoing8.Hepridedhimselfonatchess.A.havingneverbeatenB.havingbeenneverbeatenC.havingneverbeenbeatenD.neverhavebeenbeaten9.“Howdidyoulearntodrive?”“strictobediencetomytutor.”A.GivingB.bygivingC.GiveD.Togive10.Janewasscoldedbythedirectorbecausehelefttheofficewiththedoor.A.unlockingB.notbeinglockedC.unlockedD.notlocking11.inancienttimes,thebookstillappealstoreaderstoday.A.ThoughitwrittenB.ThoughwrittenC.ItwaswriterD.Writtenitwas12.Afterawholeday’sheavywork,theoldworkerreturnedhome,.A.hungryandfeltexhaustingB.hungerandexhaustedC.hungryandexhaustedD.hungryandhavingbeenexhausted13.Theoldwritercouldnotsleepatnight,hiswrongsandsorrowshimnopeace.A.gaveB.havegivenC.beinggivenD.giving14.Televisionhasbecomeamajorinstrumentofcommunication,ustoseeaswellastohearallkindsofprogrammers.A.topermitB.permittedC.beingpermittingD.permitting15.Thedecision,whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout.A.beenmadeB.hasbeenmadeC.havingbeenmadeD.havingbeenmaking16.Somepeoplearesittingonthegrass;othersarestrollingalongthelakeside,.A.chattingandtolaughB.tochatandtolaughC.chattingandlaughingD.chattingandlaughed17.Iwasoverjoyedatthenewsofmyhometownsomuchprogress.A.tomakeB.tohavemadeC.madeD.havingmade18.Electricalresistanceisacommonpropertyofallmaterials,.A.onlydiffersindegreeB.onlyindegreeitdiffersC.differingonlyindegreeD.anddifferingindegreeonly19.Thatthebrain,onceoxygen,dieshasbeenproved.A.deprivingofB.deprivedC.beingdeprivedD.deprivedof20.TheRedCrosshelpforrefugees,overtwomilliondollarshavebeenraised.A.appealsforB.appealstoC.hasbeenappealingforD.appealingfor第五節(jié)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)例題1.Nobodyenjoyshavingatooth.A.drillandfillB.drillingandfillingC.todrillandfillD.drilledandfilled2.It’snouseouranylonger.Hemaycomebyanytrain.Heisusedtofindinghiswayaround.A.towaitB.waitingC.tohavewaitedD.havingwaited3.Therevolutionaryfighterwouldratherdiewithhisheadhighthanwithhiskneesbent.A.toliveB.livingC.liveD.lived4.Iforgotherthatmycoatbuttonsneedtobesewnon.A.remindingB.havingremindedC.toremindD.tohavereminded5.It’snogoodremembergrammaticalrules.Youneedtopractisewhatyouhavelearned.A.tryingtoB.totrytoC.trytoD.triedto6.Ifeelliketotheownerofthehousetocomplain.A.writingB.towriteC.writeD.havingwritten7.Asweapproachedthevillagewesawmanynewhouses.A.builtB.buildC.beingbuiltD.building8.Timcannotbuthissupervisortohelphimsolvethedifficultyhehasindoinghisproject.A.toaskB.askC.askingD.asked9.Wouldyoumindquietforamoment?Iamtryingaform.A.keeping;fillingoutB.tokeep;tofilloutC.keeping;tofilloutD.tokeep;fillingout10.Idon’tremembertoprofessorBrownduringmylastvisittoHarvard.A.havingintroducedB.havingbeenintroducedC.tohaveintroducedD.tohavebeenintroduced第六節(jié)時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用來表示動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)。從時(shí)間上來看,英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)有現(xiàn)在、過去、將來及過去將來四種。從表現(xiàn)形式(或稱“體”上來看,英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)有一般時(shí)態(tài)、過去時(shí)態(tài)、完成時(shí)態(tài)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)四種。兩者的結(jié)合構(gòu)成了英語(yǔ)的各種時(shí)態(tài)。共有十六種,具體見下表:一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在dodoesisamdoingareHasDoneHavehasbeendoinghave過去didwasdoingwerehaddonehadbeendoing將來shalldowillshallbedoingwillshallhavedonewillshallhavebeendoingwill過去將來shoulddowouldshouldbedoingwouldshouldhavedonewouldshouldhavebeendoingwould例題1.Evenifitthisafternoon,Iwillgothere.A.hasrainedB.willrainC.rainsD.willhaverained2.lastyearandisnowearninghislivingasanadvertisingagent.A.HewouldleaveschoolB.HeleftschoolC.HehadleftschoolD.Hehasleftschool3.Weeachotherfortenyears.A.hadknownB.haveknownC.havebeenknowingD.know4.Theyfulfilledtheplanearlierthanthey.A.haveexpectedB.expectedC.wereexpectingD.hadexpected5.“Willshefinishtheworksoon?”“Yes,sheitbynextFriday.”A.shallfinishB.finishC.havefinishedD.willhavefinished6.Italmosteverydaysofarthismonth.A.israiningB.rainedC.rainsD.hasbeenraining7.Mywife.A.hasforevercriticizedmeB.forevercriticizingmeC.wasforevercriticizingmeD.isforevercriticizingme8.Heinasmallworkshop,butnowheistheheadofabigbusinesscompany.A.usedtoworkingB.wasusedtoworkC.usedtoworkD.wasusedtoworking9.Mygrandmotherrurallife.A.hasusedtoB.usedtoC.isusedtoD.usesto10.Imybreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame.A.hadB.hadbeenhavingC.washavingD.havebeenhaving第七節(jié)語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(activevoice和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(passivevoice。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)往往是各類考試中的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用于下列幾種情況:1.動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者無(wú)需指出或不明確時(shí)。例如:PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.2.為強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。例如:Fourpeoplewerekilledandthirty-onewereinjuredinthebombattack.Susanwassingledoutforpraiseyesterday.3.為了修辭的需要。例如:Hestartedtocomplainaboutthiswickedworldbutwasinterruptedbyaknockatthedoor.YesterdayhevisitedouruniversityandwaswelcomedbythePresident.例題1.Theprofessorwasknowledgeableandeloquentandwithenthusiasm.A.wasalwayslistenedB.wasalwayslistenedtoC.alwayswaslistenedD.alwayslistenedto2.Hereturnedaweeklaterandfoundhishouse.A.hadbrokenintoB.wasbrokenintoC.tobebrokenintoD.hadbeenbrokeninto3.TheUnitedKingdomGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.A.consistedofB.isconsistedofC.consistsofD.consist4.Theseorangesnice.A.aretastedB.tasteC.istastedD.tastes5.In1950,shewasthelargestshipthat.A.waseverbuiltB.haseverbuiltC.haseverbeenbuiltD.hadeverbeenbuilt6.Thehousesuddenlycollapsedwhileitdown.A.waspulledB.pulledC.wasbeingpulledD.hadbeenpulled7.“Howdoyoulikeyournewposition?”“I.”A.don’tsatisfyB.amnotsatisfiedC.can’tsatisfyD.haven’tsatisfied8.Sheinthefeetonherwayhomefromwork.A.washurtingB.ishurtC.hurtsD.gothurt9.Therearemorethanfiftyproposalsattheconference.A.discussedB.tobediscussedC.discussingD.havingdiscussed10.ThoughNewtonwasagreatscientist,manyofhisideastodayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkoftoday’sscientists.A.aretochallengeB.arechallengingC.maybechallengedD.havebeenchallenged第八節(jié)虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣(SubjunctiveMood用來表示說話人的愿望、請(qǐng)求、意圖、建議、懷疑、設(shè)想等未能或不可能成為事實(shí)的情況,以及在說話人看來實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性很小的情況。由于虛擬語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊表現(xiàn)形式,因而動(dòng)詞的變化形式體現(xiàn)出虛擬語(yǔ)氣所包含的不同含義。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于非真實(shí)條件句時(shí)的構(gòu)成如下表所述:If從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過去式(be為werewould(should+動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過去完成式would(should,could,might+have+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞與將來時(shí)間相反1動(dòng)詞的過去式(be為werewould(should,could,night+動(dòng)詞原形2were+不定式3should+動(dòng)詞原形例句:IfIhadtime,Iwouldgotothemovieswithyou.Ifwehadn’tmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thegamewouldbeputoff.例題1.Ifyouthatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn’tbedozy(困倦的now.A.haven’twatchedB.didn’twatchC.hadn’twatchedD.wouldn’thavewatched2.HadIknowit,Iyou.A.havetoldB.andtoldC.wouldn’tbetoldD.wouldhavetold3.thestorm,weshouldhavereachedourdestination.A.ForbutB.ButforC.InspiteofD.Incaseof4.Sheinsistedthatwhatshehaddoneright.A.wasB.isC.beD.hadbeen5.Iwishyoumeyesterday.A.tellB.couldtellC.wouldtellD.hadtold6.itlefttometodecide,Iwouldnothesitatetopreferthelatter.A.IfB.WereC.HadD.Should7.Itisimportantthatyoutothedeanbeforeleavingforyouvacation.A.speakB.spokenC.haveD.speaks8.It’sabouttimepeoplenoticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.A.tookB.takeC.havetakenD.willtake9.Hetalksasifhetheincident.A.hadwitnessedB.witnessedC.witnessD.havewitnessed10.Thebossaskedthattheletterimmediately.A.betypedB.typedC.witnessD.beingtyped11.Don’tyouthinkitistimethatyousmoking?A.giveupB.wouldgiveupC.gaveupD.mustgiveup12.Withoutcomputer,wethetremendousmedicaladvancementinthelastfewdecades.A.wouldnotmakeB.willnothavemadeC.couldnotmakeD.couldn’thavemade13.foryourlaziness,youcouldhavefinishedtheassignmentbynow.A.HaditnotbeenB.Weren’titC.ItwerenotD.Hadnotitbeen14.I’dhavecomewithyouIamsobusy.A.exceptforB.providedthatC.butthatD.solongas15.Itisstrangethatsuchathinginyourcompany.A.willhappenB.happensC.happenedD.shouldhappen16.It’sessentialthattheseapplicationformsbackasearlyaspossible.A.mustbesentB.willbesentC.aresentD.besent17.Wemovethatheforhisseriousmistake.A.willbedischargedB.bedischargedC.isdischargedD.mustbedischarged18.Itwasarrangedthattheythefollowingweek.A.leaveB.mustleaveC.willleaveD.shallleave19.Hemadethesuggestionthatadeadlineforhandingintheplan.A.besetB.mustbesetC.issetD.willbeset20.IwishItoseethefilmlastnight.A.wentB.willgoC.shouldgoD.hadgone第九節(jié)倒裝例題1.Onlyrecentlytorealizethedangerscaffeine(咖啡因mightbringtoourhealth.A.thatscientistsbeganB.havescientistsbegunC.scientistshavebegunD.thatdidscientistsbegin2.Notuntiltheyearof1954madethecapitalofthiscountry.A.thecitywasB.wasthecityC.whenthecitywasD.waswhenthecity3.thedoctorrightaway,hemightbealivetoday.A.ShouldhehavegonetoB.IfhewenttoC.WerehetogoD.Hadhegoneto4.“Doesyourfathercallyouveryoften?”“Yes,myfathercallsaboutonceaweekand.”A.somybrotherdoesB.mybrotherdoessoC.sodoesmybrotherD.doessomybrother5.Hardlyanythingmorethanthehappinessofseeingsomeoneusinghisdevicefortreatment.A.pleasehimB.doespleasehimC.pleaseshimD