高三英語閱讀專項訓練之說明文（含答案及部分解析）

2022高三英語閱讀專項訓練之說明文（A）OttawaisthecapitalofCanada.ItisthesecondlargestcityinOntarioandthefourthlargestcityinthecountry.TheCentreBlockisthemainbuildingonParliamentHill(國會山).Therealsostandseveralceremonialspaces,suchastheHallofHonorandtheMemorialChamber.ThepresentCentreBlockisthesecondcopyofthebuilding,afterthefirstwasunderminedbyabigfirein1916,anditisoneofthemostrecognizablebuildingsinCanada.DowntownOttawaisthecommercialandeconomiccentreofthecity.Mostofthebuildingsareofficetowers.WhilemostofOttawa’shightechindustryisbasedelsewhere,ithasanimportantpresenceinthedowntowncenter.Thedowntownalsocontainsanumberofapartments,hotels,andtheoldersinglefamilyhomesandtownhousesalongitsedges(邊緣).TheNationalGalleryofCanadaisoneofCanada’searliestartgalleries.TheGalleryhasalargeandvariedcollectionofpaintings,drawings,sculptureandphotographs.AlthoughitsfocusisonCanadianart,italsoholdsworksbysomewell-knownAmericanandEuropeanartists.TheRideauCanalistheoldestcontinuouslyoperatedcanal(運河)systeminNorthAmerica.Attheverybeginning,itwasusedtoprovideasafesupplyandcommunicationroutebetweenMontrealandtheBritishnaval(海軍的)baseinKingston.Itremainsinusetodaymainlyforpeopletoboatandenjoythemselves,withmostofitsoriginalstructuresundamaged.Thelocksonthesystemopenfornavigation(航海)inmid-Mayandcloseinmid-October.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“undermined”inParagraph2mean?A．Checked B．Overcome. C．Completed. D．.Destroyed.2．WhatarethemaincollectionsoftheNationalGalleryofCanada?A．PaintingsfromEurope. B．Sculptureandphotographs.C．DrawingsbyAmericanartists. D．ArtworksbyCanadianartists.3．TheRideauCanalatpresentismainlyusedfor________.A．publictransportation B．pleasureboatingC．safesupply D．communicationroute4．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ReasonsforVisitingOttawa B．TheLongHistoryofOttawaC．SomeFamousPlacesinOttawa D．AnUnforgettableTriptoOttawa（B）DidyouknowthatAlbertEinsteincouldnotspeakuntilhewasfouryearsold,anddidnotreaduntilhewasseven?Hisparentsandteachersworriedabouthismentalability.Beethoven’smusicteachersaidabouthim,“Asacomposerheishopeless.”Whatifthisyoungboybelievedit?WhenThomasEdisonwasayoungboy,histeacherssaidhewassostupidthathecouldneverlearnanything.Heoncesaid,‘‘IrememberIusedtoneverbeabletogetalongatschool.Iwasalwaysatthefootofmyclass…MyfatherthoughtIwasstupid,andIalmostdecidedthatIwasastupidperson.”WhatifyoungThomasbelievedwhatmaysaidabouthim?WhenthesculptorAugusteRodinwasyoung,hehaddifficultylearningtoreadandwrite.Today,wemaysayhehadalearningdisability.Hisfathersaidofhim,“Ihaveanidiot(白癡)forason.”Hisuncleagreed.“He’suneducable,”hesaid.WhatifRodinhaddoubtedhisability?WaltDisneywasoncefiredbyanewspapereditorbecausehewasthoughttohaveno“goodideas”.EnricoCarusowastoldbyonemusicteacher,“youcan’tsing.Youhavenovoiceatall.”AndaneditortoldLouisaMayAlcottthatshewasunabletowriteanythingthatwouldhavepopularappeal.Whatifthesepeoplehadlistenedandbecomediscouraged?WherewouldourworldbewithoutthemusicofBeethoven,theartofRodinortheideasofAlbertEinsteinandWaltDisney?AsOscarLevantoncesaid,“It’snotwhatyouarebutwhatyoudon’tbecomethathurts.”Youhavegreatpotential.Whenyoubelieveinallyoucanbe,ratherthanallyoucannotbecome,youwillfindyourplaceonearth.1.Howmanysuccessfulpeoplearementionedasexamplesinthepassage?A.six. B.seven. C.eight. D.nine.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisRIGHT?A.Whenhewasyoung,ThomasEdisonalwaysgotgoodgradesatschool.B.LevantthoughtLouisaMayAlcottcouldn’twriteanypopularworks.C.OnlyAugusteRodin’suncleregardedhimaboyoflearningability.D.BothEnricoCarusoandBeethovenachievedtheirdreamsinmusic.3.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentence“He’suneducable”?A.Hecan’tbetaught. B.Heisveryclever.C..Heisdifferent. D.Heisalatesuccess.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.WorkingHardforSuccess B.HavingDreamsC.BelievinginYourself D.Self-challenging（C）HealthcarestaffandbankclerkshavebeenonthefrontlineofthehealthandeconomiccrisesstrikingtheUK,butbehindthescenes,anothergroupofworkersrobotshavebeentoilingawayandovercomingbothemergencieswithnofearofCOVID-19.ButwillCOVID-19speeduptheriseofrobots?RoboticProcessAutomation(RPA)issoftwarethatrobotizesrepetitiveback-officetasks.TheNationalHealthService(NHS)hasuseditduringthewidespreaddiseasetocon-troldemandandcapacityplanningincaringforalllevelsofpatientsdayandnight.JasonKingdon,BluePrism'snewchiefexecutivewhoisrecoveringfromCOVID-19,says,“BeforeRPA,theseweremanualprocesses.Youhadtotrainanumberofstafftoputtheminplace.Now,youonlyneedtotrainasinglerobottomanagetheadministration.”Morethantwofifthsofbossesacross45countriesthatrespondedtoasurveybyEY(Ernst&Young)saidtheywereplanningonacceleratingspendingonautomationtechnologytoprepareforapost-Covidworld.COVID-19hasalreadylefttensofmillionsunemployed,sofirmswon'tbeshortofcheaplabourontheothersideofthecrisis.ButexpertsstillthinkAlwillbethemorecautiouschoiceforcompanies.Oneofthemsaid,“It'simportanttorememberthateveninChina,whichhasmuchlowerwages,12.5millionmanufacturingjobshavebeencutoverthepastfouryearsasmorerobotshavebeenadopted.”However,Alisoverhyped(過分提倡)inmanywaysandpoorapplicationcouldleadtoariseinanxietytowardsautomation.Again,weshouldthinkofhistoryasaguide.Alotof,workersriots(暴動)intheearly19thcenturyhappenedduringthecontinentalblockadeoftheNapoleonicWarswhentherewassignificantmesstotradeinBritain.Thesethingsarenotunrelated.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“toilingaway”inparagraph1mean?A.Walkingslowly.B.Workinglazily.C.Workinghard.D.Walkingtoughly.2.WhatdoJasonKingdon'swordsinparagraph2mean?A.Hepreferstouserobotworkers.B.Hehasrefusedtoacceptrobots'service.C.Hewishestoemploymorehumanstaff.D.HedislikesthesurveybyEY.3.What'stheauthor'sattitudetorobots?ASupportive.B.Worried.C.Indifferent.D.Opposed.4.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RobotsHaveTakenthePlaceofHumansB.COVID-19HasTerribleEffectsonOurLifeC.It’sTimetoStopRobotsfromTakingthePlaceofHumansD.COVID-19SpeedsuptheTrendofRobotsReplacingHumans（D）Afteralmostanentireyearofnotgoingshoppingandvacationing,youfindthenumbersreflectedbyyourbankaccountmeetyourheart’sdesire.Nowthemostimportantquestioncomes,whattodowiththeearnings?Shouldyoufulfilldreamsofthepresent,investinpreservingthefutureorperhapskeepsavingitforarainyday?Oureldersalwaystrytoteachusthevalueofmoneyanditsmoralweakness.Onemaybeonawinningstreak(連續(xù)成功)now,butitwillnotalwaysbeso.Onewillhavedayswhentherewillbenosunshinebutonlyrain,andtheirluckwillhidebehindthosethickgreyclouds.Saveforthoserainydays,theysay.Donotspendtoomuch,livewithinabudget,refrainfromcreditnomatterhowsmallandsaveforthefuture.Sincetheveryfirsttimeweearnourownmoneyfromasummerjoborearningourfirstsalary,thelessonsstart.Infact,thepocketmoneythatwereceivewhenwearechildrenbeginstheprocessoflearninghowtobestmanageone’smoney.Peopleoftenthinklikethis—onedaywhenIhaveenoughmoney,Iwilltraveltheworld.Then,oncewedoearnenoughmoney,tomorrow’splansstartshadowingourpresentones.However,isitwisetokeeplivingforthatfuture?Willwestillenjoyorevenbeabletobackpackinour50s?Howwillweeverenjoyourpresentifweareconstantlylivingforthefuture?Goodquestions,aren’tthey?Isaytravelbutdon’tletyourselfrundry,treatyourselftosomeluxuriesbutalsokeepenoughforyournecessities,andenjoyyourpresentbutwithaplanfortheforeseeablefuture.Lifeisfortheliving,soliveitsensibly.1：Whydoeldersteachustosavemoney?Becausetherearemorerainydaysinlife.B.Becausenoonecanwinstreak.C.Becausegooddaysmayend.D.Becausemoneycan’tbuyeverything.2：Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“refrainfrom”meaninParagraph3?A.selectfrom B.holdbackC.relyon D.preferto3：Whichofthefollowingopinionswouldtheauthoragree?A.Toenjoyyourselfintherighttime.B.Towaittotraveluntilwehaveenoughmoney.C.Togobackpackinginour50s.D.Toliveforthefuture.4：Whatshouldwedowiththeearningsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Weshouldsaveallforrainydays.B.Weshouldfulfillourdreams.C.Weshouldentertainourselves.D.Weshouldlivethepresentwisely.（E）Digitaldevicesaregreat,buttheycanalsobeannoyingwhenitcomestowritingordrawing.Mostofthetimeyoumustrelyonyourfingertipstodothetypingordrawingforyou,andwhatyouwantedtowriteordrawmightnotcomeoutthewayyouimagined.Anewpencalled“Phree”,createdbyIsraelicompanycalledOTMTechnologies,aimstochangethedependencythatmostofushavewhenitcomestowritingordrawingindigitalform.ThePhreepenlooksalotlikearegularpeninbothsizeandshape.ThedifferenceisthatyoucanusethePhreepentowriteonanysurface(fromatabletoawall),andthentransferthatwritingdirectlytoyourtargetdevice.Phreeusesasensorcalleda3Dlaserinterferometer(激光干涉儀).Thelaserbeamsareprojected(投影)onthesurfaceandtheywillbereflectedbacktotheinterferometer.Byanalyzingthesebeams’tracks,thelaserinterferometermeasuresthehandmotionwhilewriting.ThepenconnectswithyourphoneviaaBluetooth.Phreecanbeusedtotakenotesusingvariousapplicationsonthetargetdevice.Thenoteswillappearonthetargetdevicewheneveryouopenit.Youcanevenreceive,writeandsendtextmessagesusingthedevicedisplay(顯示裝置)anditcanfunctionasanearphone.Phreecanalsobeusedasaregularcomputermousewheneveritisconnectedtoatargetdevice.ThedevicecanalsobeusedasIDequipmentasitcanpreciselyanalyzethewayapersonwrites.“WeseePhreeasastandardinputdeviceinthemobileworld,inthesamewaythemousebecameastandardpartofPCuse.WealsoseebenefitstoemergingtechnologieslikeARandVRheadsets,interactiveTV,andIoT(InternetofThings).”GiladLederer,co-founderofOTMTechnologiessaid.1.WhatinspirestheOTMTechnologiestocreatePhree?A.Drawingpicturesinabetterway.B.People’srelyingtoomuchontyping.C.Makingdigitaldeviceslessannoying.D.Theinconvenienceofdatainputusingfingertips.2.HowdoesPhreemeasurethemovementofhands?A.Bysendingoutlaserlines.B.ByconnectingwiththeBluetooth.C.Byanalyzingthereflectionlinesoflasers.D.Bycheckingthewritingwaysofcertainperson.3.WhatcanweinferaboutPhreefromparagraph4?A.Itcanidentifypeople.B.ItcanconnecttotheInternet.C.Itcanbeusedasaremotecontrol.D.Itcanfunctionasadevicedisplay.4.WhatwillPhreebelikeinLederer’sopinion?A.Itwillcreatemorenewtechnologies.B.Itwillbewidelyusedinmanyareas.C.Itwillbethebesttooltowriteletters.D.ItwilltaketheplaceofthemouseofPC（F）3Dprintingisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Wearenowabletocreatethingsweneedveryquicklyandeasilyusing3Dprinters.Butcanyouimagineprintingfood?Somescientistsaretryingtorevolutionizethediningexperiencebydoingthis.Theyhopethathavinga3Dprinterinthekitchenwillbeascommonasthemicrowaveovenorblender.Scientistssaythatit’llbequiteeasy:yousimplyhavetoselectarecipeandputtherawfood‘inks’intotheprinter.Youcanalsomodifytheinstructionstomakethefoodexactlyhowyouwantit.Thismeansthatitwouldbeveryquickandeasytocreatetastyandnutritiousmeals.Using3Dprinterstocreateyourmealswouldalsobesavingtheenvironment.Therewouldbelessneedfortraditionalgrowing,transportingandpackagingprocessesasfoodproductionwouldbealotmoreefficient.Forexample,alternativeingredients(原料)suchasproteinsfromalgae,beetrootleavesandinsectscouldbeconvertedintotastyproducts.Printingfoodcouldalsohelppeoplewhosufferfromdysphasia(aswallowingdisorder).Theycouldprogramtheprintertoprintsofterversionsoftheirfavoritefoodssothattheywouldnothavetroubleinswallowingthem.However,somepeoplethinkthatafutureof3Dfoodprintingwouldbeadisaster.Itcouldtakeawaymanyjobs,includingthosefrogrowing,transportingandpackagingfood.Imagineaworldwheretherewasnoneedforfarmingorgrowingcropsandthesametastescouldbeprintedfromaraw“foodink”.Likewise,traditionalcafesandrestaurantsmightlosebusiness.Also,thereareconcernsaboutthenutritionalvalueofprintedfood:isitreallypossibletobegetthenutrientsweneedfromfood-basedinksandgels(凝膠)?What’smore,cookingandeatingtogetherwithfamilyandfriendshaslongbeenatraditionalandenjoyableactivity.Itishardtoimagineaworldwherethepleasureofcookingisdeadandmealscanbecreatedatthetouchofabutton.1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes3Dfoodprinting?A.Quickandpopular.B.Easyandefficient.C.Nutritiousandtasty.D.Softandconvenient.2.Whydosomethinkthat3Dfoodprintingwouldbeadisaster?A.Traditionalfoodwoulddisappear.B.Manypeoplecouldlosetheirjobs.C.Itwouldaffectthepeople’shealth.D.Wecouldalleatthesamefood.3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.3Dfoodprintingwillreplacetraditionalcooking.B.Thefutureof3Dfoodprintingisuncertain.C.Itwouldhurtourtraditionoffoodculture.D.3Dfoodprintingwouldbeafailure.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.3Dfood“printing”:comingtothekitchenB.Can3Dprintingcreateeverything?C.3D-printingfoodwillbeinfashion!D.Thedisadvantageof3Dfoodprinting（G）Squirrelsaren’tnaturalcitydwellers(居民).In1856thesightofoneinatreenearNewYork’scityhallsosurprisedpassers-bythatanewspaperpublishedareportaboutthe“unusualvisitor”.Aroundthattime,thetree-dwellinganimalswerebeingsetfreeinAmerica’surbanareasto“createpocketsofpeaceandcalmlikethecountryside,”saysUniversityofPennsylvaniahistorianEtienneBenson,whostudiedourrelationshiptosquirrelsoverthecourseoffiveyears.FirsttheywereintroducedtoPhiladelphia,thentoNewHaven,Boston,andNewYorkCity.Parkvisitorswereencouragedtofeedthem,andsecurityguardsensuredtheirsafety.Inthe1910saleaderoftheBoyScoutsofAmerica(anorganizationteachingboyspracticalskills)saidthatteachingchildrentofeedsquirrelscouldshowtherewardsoftreatingaweakercreaturewithsympathy,saysBenson.Bytheearly20thcentury,though,Americabegantoregretthefriendlinessithadshownsquirrels.Citieshadoncebeenfilledwithanimals—fromhorsespullinggoodstodairycows.Bythe1950sthoseworkinganimalshadbeenmovedtothecountryside.Petsandwildanimalssuchasbirdsandsquirrelswereallthatremainedoftheurbananimalkingdom.Beforelong,people’senthusiasmforsquirrelsworeoff,andtheystartedtoseethemasannoyances(討厭的東西).Bythe1970smanyparksbannedfeedingthecreatures.Today,itisraretofindkidswiththeirparentsofferingfoodtosquirrelsunderatree.And,unfortunately,withmoreandmorebuildingsbeingconstructedinthecity,fewerinhabitableareasareleftforthelittletree-dwellinganimals.Whatwouldbelostifthelastofthesecitydwellerswereforcedtoleave?“Ithinkthere’ssomethingconstructivetohaveotherlivingcreaturesinthecitythatarenothumansandnotpetsbutsharethelandwithus,”saysBenson.“It’sagoodthingtoliveinalandscapewhereyouseeothercreaturesgoingaroundmakinglunch.It’sgoodforthesoul.”1.WhyweresquirrelsintroducedtoPhiladelphia?A.Toentertainparkvisitors.B.Tokeepthenaturalbalance.C.Toencouragekidstoprotectanimals.D.Tomaketheurbanlifemorepeaceful.2.WhatwastheBoyScoutleader’sattitudetowardsfeedingsquirrels?A.Disagreeable. B.Doubtful.C.Supportive. D.Uncaring.3.Whatmighthavehappenedtosquirrelsincitiesaroundthe1960s?A.Theymighthaveinhabitedmorehomes.B.Theymighthavebeguntogooutoffavor.C.Theymighthavebeenintroducedtomorecities.D.Theymighthavebeenmovedtothecountryside.4.WhatdoesBensonsuggestinthelastparagraph?A.Squirrelslivingincitiesareannoying.B.Feedingsquirrelsshouldbediscouraged.C.Squirrelsshouldbeallowedtoliveincities.D.Itispossibleforpeopletokeepsquirrelsaspets.參考答案DDBCBDACCABDCBAD1:根據(jù)第一段中的“Mostofthetimeyoumustrelyonyourfingertipstodothetypingordrawingforyou”以及“Anewpencalled‘Phree’,createdbyIsraelicompanycalledOTMTechnologies,aimstochangethedependencythatmostofushavewhenitcomestowritingordrawingmdigitalform.”可知，使用指尖輸入數(shù)據(jù)的不便激發(fā)了OTM技術創(chuàng)造Phree的靈感。故選D項。2:根據(jù)第三段“Phreeusesasensorcalleda3Dlaserinterferometer(激光干涉儀).Thelaserbeamsareprojected(投影)onthesurfaceandtheywillbereflectedbacktotheinterferometer.Byanalyzingthesebeams’tracks,thelaserinterferometermeasuresthehandmotionwhilewriting.”可知，Phree使用一種叫做3D激光干涉儀的傳感器。激光束投射在表面上，然后反射回干涉儀。通過分析這些光束的軌跡，激光干涉儀測量書寫時的手的運動。故選C項。3:根據(jù)第四段最后一句“ThedevicecanalsobeusedasIDequipmentasitcanpreciselyanalyzethewayapersonwrites.”可知，該設備還可以用作身份識別設備，因為它可以精確分析一個人的寫作方式。故選A項。4:根據(jù)最后一段中的“WeseePhreeasastandardinputdeviceinthemobileworld,inthesamewaythemousebecameastan