職稱英語考試《綜合類》歷年真題精選及答案0513-37

職稱英語考試《綜合類》歷年真題精選及答案0513-371、We＇vebeenthroughsomeroughtimestogether.【單選題】A.shortB.difficultC.longD.happy正確答案:B答案解析:題干大意：我們一起度過了一段艱難時期。句中rough的意思是“粗糙的，艱苦的”，rough和四個選項中的difficult的意思相近。short：短的；long：長的；happy:幸福的，與rough意義相反。2、AboutonemillionAmericansarediagnosedannuallywithskincancer.【單選題】A.everyyearB.severelyC.activelyD.everymonth正確答案:A答案解析:annually和everyyear意思相同，表示“每年”；severely：嚴肅地、艱難地；actively:積極地、活躍地：everymonth每月。3、Theyagreedtosettlethedisputebypeacefulmeans.【單選題】A.completeB.determineC.uniteD.solve正確答案:D答案解析:settle和solve都表示“解決”；complete：完成；determine：決定、確定；unite:聯(lián)合。4、AGlassofMilkOneday,apoorboywhowastryingtopayhiswaythroughschoolbysellinggoodsdoortodoorfoundthatheonlyhadonedimeleft.Hewashungrysohedecidedtobegforamealatthenexthouse.However,helosthisnervewhenalovelyyoungwomanopenedthedoor.Insteadofamealheaskedforadrinkofwater.Shethoughthelookedhungrysoshebroughthimalargeglassofmilk.Hedrankitslowly,andthenasked,"HowmuchdoIoweyou?""Youdon＇towemeanything,"shereplied."Motherhastaughtmenevertoacceptpayforakindness,"hesaid,"ThenIthankyoufromthebottomofmyheart."AsHowardKellyleftthathouse,henotonlyfeltstrongerphysically,butalsoincreasedhisfaithinGodandthehumanrace.Hewasabouttogiveupandquitbeforethispoint.Yearslatertheyoungwomanbecamecriticallyill.Thelocaldoctorswerebaffled.Theyfinallysenthertothebigcity,wherespecialistscanbecalledintostudyherraredisease.Dr.HowardKelly,nowfamouswascalledinfortheconsultation.Whenheheardthenameofthetownshecamefrom,astrangelightfilledhiseyes.Immediately,heroseandwentdownthroughthehospitalhallintoherroom.Dressedinhisdoctor＇sgownhewentintoseeher.Herecognizedheratonce.Hewentbacktotheconsultationroomanddeterminedtodohisbesttosaveherlife.Fromthatdayon,hegavespecialattentiontohercase.Afteralongstruggle,thebattlewaswon.Dr.Kellyrequestedthebusinessofficetopassthefinalbilltohimforapproval.Helookedatitandthenwrotesomethingontheside.Thebillwassenttoherroom.Shewasafraidtoopenitbecauseshewaspositivethatitwouldtaketherestofherlifetopayitoff.Finallyshelooked,andthenoteonthesideofthebillcaughtherattention.Shereadthesewords..."Paidinfullwithaglassofmilk,"signedDr.HowardKellyTearsofjoyfloodedhereyesassheprayedsilently:"ThankYou,God.Yourlovehasspreadthroughhumanheartsandhands."Thedoctorwasverygladtoseethewomanagain【單選題】A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned正確答案:C答案解析:文中只提到“astrangelightfilledhiseyes.Immediately,heroseandwentdownthroughthehospitalhallintoherroom.（然后立即起身穿過大廳來到她的病房）”，因此要選C。5、ANewDoctors＇DilemmaWhenChristianBarnard,aSouthAfricandoctor,performedthefirsthumanhearttransplantin1967,theresultwasaworldwidemoraldebateontheethicsoftransplantingorgans.Heartswerenotthefirsthumanorganstobetransplantedbut,inthiscase,ifadonorgavehisorherheart,heorshewouldobviouslyandnecessarilydie(orbedead).Kidneytransplants,whichwerealreadyquitecommonin1967,ofteninvolvedthetransferofasinglekidneyfromacloselivingrelative.Thechancesofsurvivalofthedonorweresomewhatdiminishedbecausehenowhadonlyonekidneyandifthatkidneywereaffectedbydisease,hewouldnothaveahealthykidneyinreserve.Nevertheless,thedonorwouldcertainlynotnecessarilydie.Undoubtedly,anotherreasonwhythefirsthearttransplantwassocontroversialwasthefactthatweassociatesomanypersonalitytraitswiththeheart.Questionswereaskedofthetype:"Ifapersonhadadifferentheart,wouldhestillbethesameperson?",or"Ifdoctorsneededadyingperson＇sheart,wouldtheytendtodeclarehimdeadprematurely?",andsoon.Today,notonlyheartsandkidneys,butalsosuchextremelydelicateorgansaslungsandlivers,aretransplanted.Thesedevelopmentshaveledtoafarhigherorproportionofsuccessfuloperationsandthis,inturn,hasledtogreaterdemandfortransplants.Atthesametime,manyoftheoriginalmoralquestionssurroundinghearttransplantshavebeenalmostforgotten.However,asaresultoftheheavydemandfororgans,anewmoraldilemmahasemerged.Forexample,intheUnitedStatestherearemanypeoplewhowouldsurviveiflungswereavailablefortransplanting.Infact,about80%ofthemdiebeforeasuitabledonorisfound.Inthesecircumstanceswhowoulddecideifadonorwerefoundwhoselungswereequallysuitablefortwopotentialrecipients?Thisproblemismadeworsebythefactthatmanypatients,ortheirfamilies,becomedesperatetofindadonor.Somesucceedinpublicizingtheirsituationinnewspapers,topoliticiansorontelevision.Sometimes,asaresult,suitabledonorsarefound.Butwhatwouldhappenifanotherpatientneededtheorganmorethantheonewhogotthepublicity?Whowoulddecideiftheotherpatientshouldgettheorgan?Woulditbethedoctors?Orthedonor?Orthefamilywhogotthepublicity?Ifsuchadilemmadevelopeditwouldbeverydifficulttoresolveanditwouldbeamatteroflifeordeathtothepatientsinvolved.Whichofthefollowingistrue?【單選題】A.Kidneytransplantoperationswerenotcorumonuntil1967.B.Kidneysfortransplantoperationshadtocomefromdeadpeoplein1967.C.Kidneytransplantoperationswereperformedbeforehearttransplantoperations.D.Hearttransplantoperationswereascommonaskidneytransplantoperations.正確答案:C答案解析:A選項的時間不對；B選項的內(nèi)容不對，活體可以做腎臟移植；D選項說心臟移植是個突破，不是commonthing，，因此C正確。6、TheBeginningofAmericanLiteratureAmericanhasalwaysbeenalandofbeginnings.AfterEuropeans"discovered"Americainthefifteenthcentury,themysteriousNewWorldbecameformanypeopleagenuinehopeofanewlife,anescapefrompovertyandpersecution,achancetostartagain.Wecansaythat,asnation,Americabeginswiththathope.When,however,doesAmericanliteraturebegin?AmericanliteraturebeginswithAmericanexperiences.Longbeforethefirstcolonistsarrived,beforeChristopherColumbus,beforetheNorthmenwho"found"Americaabouttheyear1,000,NativeAmericanslivedhere.Eachtribe＇sliteraturewastightlywovenintothefabricofdailylifeandreflectedtheunmistakablyAmericanexperienceofliningwiththeland.Anotherkindofexperience,onefilledwithfearandexcitement,founditsexpressioninthereportsthatColumbusandotherexplorerssenthomeinSpain,FrenchandEnglish.Inaddition,thejournalsofthepeoplewholivedanddiedintheNewEnglandwildernesstellunforgettabletalesofhardandsometimesheartbreakingexperiencesofthoseearlyyears.Experience,then,isthekeytoearlyAmericanliterature.TheNewWorldprovidedagreatvarietyofexperiences,andtheseexperiencesdemandedawidevarietyofexpressionsbyanevenwidervarietyofearlyAmericanwriters.ThesewritersincludedJohnSmith,whospentonlytwo-and-a-halfyearsontheAmericancontinent.TheyincludedJonathanEdwardsandWilliamByrd,whothoughtofthemselvesasBritishsubjects,neversuspectingarevolutionthatwouldcreateaUnitedStatesofAmericawithaliteratureofitsown.AmericanIndians,explorers,Puritanministers,frontierwives,plantationowner-theyareallthecreatorsofthefirstAmericanliterature.WhatcanwelearnfromtheliteratureofthetribesofthenativeAmericans?【單選題】A.AbouttheeverydaylifeofthenativeAmericans.B.AboutthearrivalofColumbus.C.AbouttheexperienceofthefirstEuropeansettlers.D.AbouttheexperienceofthosewhodiedintheNewEnglandwilderness.正確答案:A答案解析:答案在第2段的第3句，從美洲土著部落的文學中，我們可以找到他們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹膶懻铡?、J.K.RowlingLikethatofherowncharacter,HarryPotter,J.K.Rowling＇slifehasthelusterofafairytale.Divorced,livingonpublicassistanceinatinyEdinburghflatwithherinfantdaughter,RowlingwroteHarryPotterandtheSorcerer＇sStoneatatableinacafe_____anditwasHarryPotterthatrescuedher.Rowlingremembersthatshealwayswantedtowriteandthatthefirststorysheactuallywrotedown,whenshewasfiveorsix,wasastoryaboutarabbitcalledRabbit.Manyofherfavoritememoriescenteraroundenjoyingthefantasticadventurestories..OnaparticularlylongtrainridefromManchestertoLondoninthesummerof1990,theideacametoherofaboywhoisawizardanddoesn＇tknowit.Heattendsaschoolforwizardry-shecouldseehimveryplainlyinhermind.BythetimethetrainpulledintoKing＇sCrossStationfourhourslater,manyofthecharactersandtheearlystagesoftheplotwerefullyformedinherhead.Thestorytookfurthershapeasshecontinuedworkingonitinpubsandcafesoverherlunchhours.RowlingwasworkingasaFrenchteacherwhensheheardthatherbookabouttheboywizardhadbeenacceptedforpublication.HarryPotterandthePhilosopher＇sStonewaspublishedinJune1997andachievedalmostinstantsuccess.WiththepublicationoftheAmericanedition,retitledHarryPotterandtheSorcerer＇sStone,in1998,Rowling＇sbookscontinuedtomakepublishinghistory.HarryPotterclimbedtothetopofallthebestsellerlistsforchildren＇sandadultbooks.InBritainaseparateeditionofthefirstbookappearedwithamore"adult"dustjacketsothatgrown-upsreadingitontrainsandsubwayswouldnothavetohidetheircopybehindanewspaper.J.K.RowlinglivesinEdinburgh,Scotland,withherdaughterJessicaandcontinuestoworkonwritingtheseven-bookstoryofHarryPotter.【單選題】A.wouldnothavetohidetheircopybehindanewspaper.B.WiththepublicationoftheAmericanedition,C.BythetimethetrainpulledintoKing＇sCrossStationD.Youngpeopleprefertoreadstoriesaboutcities.E.enjoyingthefantasticadventurestories.F.duringherdaughter＇snaps正確答案:F答案解析:根據(jù)前文，Rowling是離婚的女人，和年幼的女兒相依為命，在愛丁堡一個小公寓里靠公眾資助生活，她在咖啡館的桌子上寫成了《哈利波特和魔法石》。由此要想到，帶著幼小的孩子的母親在什么時間寫作呢？一定是孩子睡覺的時候，所以選F。8、ThreeWaystoBecomeMoreCreativeMostpeoplebelievetheydon＇thavemuchimagination.Theyarewrong.Everyonehasimagination,butmostofus,oncewebecomeadults,forgethowtoaccessit.Creativityisn＇talwaysconnectedwithgreatworksofartorideas.Peopleatworkandintheirfreetimeroutinelythinkofcreativewaystosolveproblems.Maybeyouhaveagoaltoachieve,atrickyquestiontoansweroryoujustwanttoexpandyourmind!Therearethreetechniquestohelpyou.Thistechniqueinvolvestakingunrelatedideasandtryingtofindlinksbetweenthem.First,thinkabouttheproblemyouhavetosolveorthejobyouneedtodo.Thenfindanimage,word,ideaorobject,forexample,acandle.Writedownalltheideas/wordsassociatedwithcandles,light,fire,matches,wax,night,silence,etc.Thinkofasmanyasyoucan.Thenextstageistorelatetheideastothejobyouhavetodo.Soimagineyouwanttobuyafriendanoriginalpresent;youcouldbuyhimticketstoamatchortakehimoutforthenight.Imaginethatnormallimitationsdon＇texist.Youhaveasmuchtime/space/money,etc.asyouwant.Thinkaboutyourgoalandthenewpossibilities.If,forexample,yourgoalistolearntoski(滑雪),youcannowpracticeskiingeverydayofyourlife(becauseyouhavethetimeandthemoney).Nowadaptthistoreality.MaybeyoucanpracticeskiingeverydayinDecember,oreveryMondayinJanuary.Lookatthesituationfromadifferentpointofview.Goodnegotiators(談判者)usethistechniqueinbusiness,andsodowriters.Fictionwritersoftenimaginetheyarethecharactersintheirbooks.Theyaskquestions:whatdoesthischaracterwant?Whycan＇tshegetit?Whatchangesmustshemaketogetwhatshewants?Whatdoesshedreamabout?Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourself"intheirshoes".Thebestfishermenthinktheyarethefish!Welearnfromthethirdtechniquethatagoodsalesmanshouldaskhimself:____.【單選題】A.whatdoIusuallydo?B.whatdidmybosstellmetodo?C.whataremycustomers＇needs?D.howshouldIsellmyproducts?正確答案:C答案解析:本題難度不大，讀完文章，可以推斷出，銷售人員要站在消費者的立場上考慮，所以不難找到答案。答案依據(jù)是最后一段：Goodnegotiators(談判者)usethistechniqueinbusiness,andsodowriters.Fictionwritersoftenimaginetheyarethecharactersintheirbooks.9、IntelligentMachines1.Medicalscientistsarealreadyputtingcomputerchips(芯片)directlyintothebraintohelppeoplewhohaveParkinson＇sdisease,butinwhatotherwaysmightcomputertechnologybeabletohelpus?RayKurzweilisauthorofthesuccessfulbookTheAgeofIntelligentMachinesandisoneoftheworld＇sbestcomputerresearchscientists.Heisresearchingthepossibilities.2.Kurzweilgetscomputerstorecognizevoices.AnexampleofthisisRamona;thevirtual(虛擬的)hostessofKurzweil＇shomepage,whoisprogrammedtounderstandwhatyousay.Visitorstothesitecanhavetheirconversationswithher,andRamonaalsodancesandsings.3.Kurzweilusesthistechnologytoh