中國(guó)居民營(yíng)養(yǎng)素參考攝入量表

中國(guó)居民膳食營(yíng)養(yǎng)素參考攝入量ChineseDietaryreferenceintakes（DRIs）DRIs是在RDAs基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來(lái)的一組每日平均膳食營(yíng)養(yǎng)素?cái)z入量的參考值，包括四項(xiàng)內(nèi)容：平均需要量（EAR、推薦攝入量（RNI）、適宜攝入量（AI）和可耐受最圖攝入量（UL）o一、平均需要量（EAR,EstimatedAverageRequirementEAR是某一特定性別，年齡及生理狀況群體中對(duì)某營(yíng)養(yǎng)素需要量的平均值。攝入量達(dá)到EAR水平是可以滿足群體中半數(shù)個(gè)體對(duì)該營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的需要。而不能滿足另外半數(shù)個(gè)體的需要。EAR是RNI的基礎(chǔ)。如果個(gè)體攝入量呈常態(tài)分布，一個(gè)人群的RNI=EAR+2SD。針對(duì)個(gè)體，可以檢查其攝入不足的可能性。二、推薦攝入量（RNI,RecommendedNutrientIntake）RNI相當(dāng)于傳統(tǒng)使用的RDA,它可以滿足某一特定群體中絕大多數(shù)（97%?98%）個(gè)體需要量的攝入水平，可以維持組織中有適當(dāng)?shù)膬?chǔ)備。RNI是健康個(gè)體的膳食營(yíng)養(yǎng)素?cái)z入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，個(gè)體攝入量低于RNI時(shí)，并不一定表明該個(gè)體未達(dá)到適宜營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)。如果個(gè)體的平均攝入量達(dá)到或超過(guò)了RNI,可以認(rèn)為該個(gè)體沒(méi)有攝入不足的危險(xiǎn)。三、適宜攝入量（AI,AdequateIntakes）AI是通過(guò)觀察或?qū)嶒?yàn)獲得的健康人群某種營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的攝入量。AI能滿足目標(biāo)人群中幾乎所有個(gè)體的需要。AI的準(zhǔn)確性遠(yuǎn)不如RNI,可能顯著高于RNI0AI的主要作個(gè)體的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素?cái)z入目標(biāo)，同時(shí)用作過(guò)多攝入的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。當(dāng)健康個(gè)體攝入量達(dá)到AI時(shí)，出現(xiàn)營(yíng)養(yǎng)缺乏的危險(xiǎn)性很小。如長(zhǎng)期攝入超過(guò)AI,則有可能產(chǎn)生毒副作用。四、可耐受最高攝入量（UL,TolerableUpperIntakeLevel）UL是平均每日可以攝入某營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的最高量。這個(gè)量對(duì)一般人群中的幾乎所有個(gè)體都不至于損害健康。UL的主要用途是檢查個(gè)體攝入量過(guò)高的可能，避免發(fā)生中毒。當(dāng)攝入量超過(guò)UL時(shí)，發(fā)生毒副作用的危險(xiǎn)性會(huì)增加，在大多數(shù)情況下，UL包括膳食、強(qiáng)化食物或添加劑等各種來(lái)源的添加劑之和。

表1.能量和蛋白質(zhì)的RNIs及脂肪供能比Table1RNIsofenergyandproteinandpercentageofenergyfromfat臺(tái)匕/#Energy#ProteinFat年齡RNI/MJRNI/kcalRNI/g占能量百分比MFMFM女Fenergy/%0?0.5?0.4MJ/kg*95kcal/kg1.5?3g/(kgd)?45?5035?401~4.604.401100105035352~5.024.8112001150404030?353~5.645.431350130045454~6.065.831450140050505?6.706.271600150055556?7.106.671700160055557~7.537.1018001700606025?308?7.947.531900180065659~8.367.9420001900656510?8.808.3621002000706511?10.049.2024002200757514?12.009.6229002400858025?3018?體力活動(dòng)PALA20?30輕10.038.80240021007565中11.299.62270023008070重13.3811.30320027009080孕婦+0.84+200+5,+15,+20乳母+2.09+500+2050?體力活動(dòng)PALA20?30輕9.628.0023001900中10.878.3626002000重13.009.203100220060?體力活動(dòng)PALA756520?30輕7.947.5319001800中9.208.362200200070?體力活動(dòng)PALA756520?30輕7.947.1019001700中8.808.002100190080?7.747.1019001700756520?30注：格年齡組的能量的RNI值與其EAR值相同。#TheRNIsofenergyarethesameastheEARs.*為AI值，非母乳喂養(yǎng)應(yīng)增加20%。*AIvalue,add20%tonon-breastfeedinginfants.PAL、體力活動(dòng)水平。physicalactivitylevel（凡表中數(shù)字缺如之處表示未制定該參考值）表二常量和微量元素的RNIs或AIsRNIsorAIsofsomeelements年齡鈣CaAI/mg磷PAI/mg鉀KAI/mgNaAI/mg鎂MgAI/mg鐵FeAI/mgIRNI/」g鋅ZnRNI/mg硒SeRNI/「g銅CuAI/mg氟FAI-0銘CrAI/」gMnAI/mgMoAI/」g0?300150500200300.3501.515(AI)0.40.1100.5?400300700500701050820(AI)0.60.4151?600450100065010012509200.80.620154?80050015009001501290122510.830207?80070015001000250129013.5351.213030男M女F男M女F11~100010001500120035016181201815451.81.2405014?100010002000180035020251501915.55021.4405018?8007002000220035015201501511.55021.5503.560孕婦早期800700250022004001520011.550中期1000700250022004002520016.550晚期1200700250022004003520016.550乳母1200700250022004002520021.56550?1000700200022003501515011.55021.5503.560（凡表中數(shù)字缺如之處表示未制定該參考值）

表三脂溶性和水溶性維生素的RNIs（推薦攝入量）或AIs（適宜攝入量）RNIsorAIsofsomevitamins年齡維生素ARNI由RE維生素DRNI由維生素EAI*mga?TE維生素B1RNImg維生素B2RNImg維生素B6AImg維生素B12AI.g維生素CRNImg泛酸AImg葉酸RNI」gDFE煙酸RNI△MgNE膽堿AImg生物素AI」g0?400(AI)1030.2(AI)0.4(AI)0.10.4401.765(AI)2(AI)10050.5?400(AI)1030.3(AI)0.5(AI)0.30.5501.880(AI)3(AI)15061?5001040.60.60.50.9602.0150620084?6001050.70.70.61.2703.02007250127?7001070.91.00.71.2804.020093001611?7005101.21.20.91.8905.03001235020男M女F男M女F男M女F男M女F14?8007005141.51.21.51.21.12.41005.040015124502518?8007005141.41.31.41.21.22.41005.0400141345030孕婦早期8005141.51.71.92.61006.06001550030中期90010141.51.71.92.61306.06001550030晚期90010141.51.71.92.61306.06001550030乳母120010141.81.71.92.81307.0500185003550?80070010141.31.41.52.41005.04001345030注：*RE衛(wèi)視黃醇當(dāng)量。REisretinolequivalent.*a?T日a生育酚當(dāng)重。a~TEistocopherolequivalent.DFE為膳食葉酸當(dāng)量。DEFisdietarypolateequivalent.NE為葉酸當(dāng)重。NEisniacinequivalent.（凡表中數(shù)字缺如之處表示未制定該參考值）

某些微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的ULsULsofsomemicronutrients年齡age（歲year）鈣Ca/mg磷P/mg鎂Mg/mg鐵Fe/mg碘I/Jg鋅Zn/mg硒Se/-g銅Cu/mg氟F/mg貉Cr/」g鎰Mn/mg旬Mo/Jg維生素AVA/-gRE維生素DVD/」g維生素BiVB1/mg維生素CVC/mg葉酸Folicacid/JgDFE煙酸Niacin/mgNE*膽堿Choline/mg0?10550.44006000.5?3013800.85008001?2000300020030231201.51.220080506003001010004?2000300030030231802.01.6300110200020507004001515007?2000300050030800282403.52.030016020002050800400202000男M女F11?200035007005080037343005.02.44002802000205090060030250014?200035007005080042353607.02.840028020002050100080030300018?2000350070050100045374008.03.0500103503000205010001000353500孕婦2000300070060100035400240020100010003500乳母20003500700501000354002010001000350050?20003500A70050100037374008.03.0500103503000205010001000353500注：*NE=煙酸當(dāng)量。NEisniacinequivalent.#DFE為膳食葉酸當(dāng)量。DFEisdietaryfoalteequivalent.*60歲以上磷的UL為3000mg。ULofphosphorusis300mgforpeople60yearsover.NE為葉酸當(dāng)量。NEisniacinequivalent.（凡表中數(shù)字缺如之處表示未制定該參值）

表5蛋白質(zhì)及某些微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的EARsTable2EARsofproteinandsomemicronutrientsADB1B2C年齡/歲Year蛋白質(zhì)Protein/(g/kg)ZnSeVAVDVB1VB2VCFolicacid/mg/」g/-gRE*/Jg/mg/mg/mg/JgDFE0~2.25?1.251.5375*8.880.5-1.25?1.156.7400*13.81?7.4173000.40.5133204~8.7200.50.6223207-9.7267000.50.839320男M女F男M女F男M女F11?13.110.8367000.7132014?13.911.24010.91.311332018?0.9213.28.3411.41.31.2175320孕女PPregnantwomen1.31.4566520早期1sttrimester8.350中期2n