現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語 精讀3 Diogenes and Alexander 原文

現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀3DiogenesandAlexander原文現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀3DiogenesandAlexander原文現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀3DiogenesandAlexander原文資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀3DiogenesandAlexander原文版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：DiogenesandAlexanderLyingonthebareearth,shoeless,bearded,half-naked,helookedlikeabeggaroralunatic(神經(jīng)病,瘋子).Hewasone,butnottheother.Hehadopenedhiseyeswiththesunatdawn(拂曉),scratched,donehisbusinesslikeadogattheroadside,washedatthepublicfountain,beggedapieceofbreakfastbreadandafewolives,eatenthemsquattingontheground,andwashedthemdownwithafewhandfulsofwaterscoopedfromthespring.(Longagohehadownedaroughwoodencup,buthethrewitawaywhenhesawaboydrinkingoutofhishollowedhands.)Havingnoworktogotoandnofamilytoprovidefor,hewasfree.Asthemarketplacefilledupwithshoppersandmerchantsandslavesandforeigners,hehadstrolledthroughitforanhourortwo.Everybodyknewhim,orknewofhim.Theywouldthrowsharpquestionsathimandgetsharperanswers.Sometimestheythrewbitsoffood,andgotscantthanks;sometimesamischievouspebble,andgotashowerofstonesandabuse(漫罵).Theywerenotquitesurewhetherhewasmadornot.Heknewtheyweremad,eachinadifferentway;theyamusedhim.Nowhewasbackathishome.Itwasnotahouse,notevenasquatter'shut.Hethoughteverybodylivedfartooelaborately,expensively,anxiously.WhatgoodisahouseNooneneedsprivacy:naturalactsarenotshameful;wealldothesamething,andneednothidethem.Nooneneedsbedsandchairsandsuchfurniture:theanimalslivehealthylivesandsleepontheground.Allwerequire,sincenaturedidnotdressusproperly,isonegarmenttokeepuswarm,andsomeshelterfromrainandwind.Sohehadoneblanket—todresshiminthedaytimeandcoverhimatnight—andhesleptinacask.HisnamewasDiogenes.HewasthefounderofthecreedcalledCynicism;hespentmuchofhislifeintherich,lazy,corruptGreekcityofCorinth,mockingandsatirizingitspeople,andoccasionallyconvertingoneofthem.Hishomewasnotabarrelmadeofwood:tooexpensive.Itwasastoragejarmadeofearthenware,nodoubtdiscardedbecauseabreakhadmadeituseless.Hewasnotthefirsttoinhabitsuchathing,Buthewasthefirstwhoeverdidsobychoice,outofprinciple.Diogeneswasnotamaniac(瘋子).Hewasaphilosopherwhowroteplaysandpoemsandessaysexpounding(解釋)hisdoctrine;hetalkedtothosewhocaredtolisten;hehadpupilswhoadmiredhim.Buthetaughtchieflybyexample.Allshouldlivenaturally,hesaid,forwhatisnaturalisnormalandcannotpossiblybeevilorshameful.Livewithoutconventions,whichareartificialandfalse;escapecomplexitiesandextravagances:onlysocanyouliveafreelife.Therichmanbelieveshepossesseshisbighousewithitsmanyroomsanditselaboratefurniture,hisexpensiveclothes,hishorsesandhisservantsandhisbankaccounts.Hedoesnot.Hedependsonthem,heworriedaboutthem,hespendsmostofhisenergylookingafterthem;thethoughtoflosingthemmakeshimsickwithanxiety.Theyprocessthem,Heistheirslave.Inordertoprocureaquantityoffalse,perishablegoodshehassoldtheonlytrue,lastinggood,hisownindependence.Therehavebeenmanymenwhogrewtiredofhumansocietywithitscomplications,andwentawaytolivesimply—onasmallfarm,inaquietvillage,inahermit'scave.NotsoDiogenes.Hewasamissionary.Hislife'saimwascleartohim:itwas"torestampthecurrency“:totakethecleanmetalofhumanlife,toerasetheoldfalseconventionalmarkings,andtoimprintitwithitstruevalues.TheothergreatphilosophersofthefourthcenturyBC,suchasPlatoandAristotle,taughtmainlytheirownprivatepupils.ButforDiogenes,laboratoryandspecimensandlecturehallsandpupilswerealltobefoundinacrowdofordinarypeople.Therefore,hechosetoliveinAthensorCorinth,wheretravelersfromallovertheMediterraneanworldconstantlycameandwent.And,bydesign,hepubliclybehavedinsuchwaysastoshowpeoplewhatreallifewas.Hethoughtmostpeoplewereonlyhalf-alive,mostmenonlyhalf-men.Atbrightnoondayhewalkedthroughthemarketplacecarryingalightedlampandinspectingthefaceofeveryonehemet.Theyaskedhimwhy.Diogenesanswered,"Iamtryingtofindaman."Toagentlemanwhoseservantwasputtingonhisshoesforhim,Diogenessaid,"Youwon'tbereallyhappyuntilhewipesyournoseforyou:thatwillcomeafteryoulosetheuseofyourhands."Oncetherewasawarscaresoseriousthatitstirredeventhelazy,profit-happyCorinthians.Theybegantodrill,cleantheirweapons,andrebuildtheirneglectedfortifications.Diogenestookhisoldcaskandbegantorollitupanddown,backandforward."Whenyouareallsobusy,"hesaid,"IfeltIoughttodosomething!"Andsohelived—likeadog,somesaid,becausehecarednothingforconventionsofsociety,andbecauseheshowedhisteethandbarkedatthosehedisliked.Nowhewaslyinginthesunlight,contentedandhappy,happierthantheShahofPersia.Althoughheknewhewasgoingtohaveanimportantvisitor,hewouldnotmove.Thelittlesquarebegantofillwithpeople.Pageboys,soldiers,secretaries,officers,diplomats,theyallgraduallyformedacirclecenteredaroundDiogenes.Helookedthemoverasasobermanlooksatacrowdoftotteringdrunks,andshookhishead.Heknewwhotheywere.TheyweretheservantsofAlexander,theconquerorofGreece,theMacedonianking,whowasvisitinghisnewrealm.Onlytwenty,Alexanderwasfarolderandwiserthanhisyears.LikeallMacedoniansheloveddrinking,buthecouldusuallyhandleit;andtowardwomenhewasnoblyrestrainedandchivalrous.LikeallMacedonianshelovedfighting;hewasamagnificentcommander,buthewasnotmerelyamilitaryautomaton.Hecouldthink.AtthirteenhehadbecomeapupilofthegreatestmindinGreece,Aristotle.whogavehimthebestofGreekculture.HetaughtAlexanderpoetry;theyoungprincesleptwiththeIliadunderhispillowandlongedtoemulateAchilles,whobroughtthemightypowerofAsiatoruin.Hetaughthimphilosophy,inparticulartheshapesandusesofpoliticalpowerandhetaughthimtheprinciplesofscientificresearch,andshippedhundredsofzoologicalspecimensbacktoGreeceforstudy.Indeed,itwasfromAristotlethatAlexanderlearnedtoseekouteverythingstrangewhichmightbeinstructive.Now,AlexanderwasinCorinthtotakecommandoftheLeagueofGreekStateswhichhisfatherPhilipcreated.Hewaswelcomedandhonoredandflattered.Hewasthemanofthehour,ofthecentury;hewasunanimouslyappointedcommander-in-chiefofanewexpeditionagainstold,rich,corruptAsia.NearlyeveryonecrowdedtoCorinthinordertocongratulatehim,toseekemploymentwithhim.OnlyDiogenes,althoughhelivedinCorinth,didnotvisitthenewmonarch.WiththatgenerositywhichAristotlehadtaughthim,AlexanderdeterminedtocalluponDiogenes.Withhishandsomeface,hisfieryglance,hisstrongsupplebody,hispurpleandgoldcloak,andhisairofdestiny,hemovedthroughthepartingcrowd,towardtheDog'skennel.Whenakingapproaches,allriseinrespect.Diogenesmerelysatupononeelbow.Whenamonarchentersaplace,allgreethimwithaboworanacclamation.Diogenessaidnothing.Therewasasilence.Alexanderspokefirst,withakindlygreeting.Lookingatthepoorbrokencask,thesingleraggedgarment,andtheroughfigurelyingontheground,hesaid,"Isthereanyth