公共英語(yǔ)PETS三級(jí)閱讀與翻譯試題日常訓(xùn)練

公共英語(yǔ)PETS三級(jí)閱讀與翻譯試題日常訓(xùn)練公共英語(yǔ)PETS三級(jí)閱讀與翻譯試題日常訓(xùn)練

Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson’sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyears,educationistshavestillfailedtodeviceanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.我們可能對(duì)學(xué)科的每個(gè)領(lǐng)域所取得的進(jìn)步感到大為驚異，然而測(cè)試一個(gè)人的知識(shí)和能力的方法依然原始如初。確實(shí)是令人吃驚，這么多年以后，教育家們還沒(méi)有找到比考試更為有效和可靠的手段。

Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemory,ortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressure,buttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson’strueabilityandaptitude.考試就是測(cè)驗(yàn)?zāi)阒朗裁矗瑢?duì)于所有這些虔誠(chéng)的說(shuō)法，普遍認(rèn)為往往適得其反。考試可能是檢驗(yàn)記憶力，或者在極度緊張的情況下發(fā)現(xiàn)快速工作竅門(mén)的好方法。但是它不能告訴你一個(gè)人的真正能力和智能究竟怎樣。

Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessoffailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouweren’tfeelingverywell,orthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon’tcount:theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveofhisbestwhenheisinmortalterror,orafterasleeplessnight,yetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.作為制造焦慮者，考試是最好的手段。這是因?yàn)樗鼪Q定著很多事。它是一個(gè)人在社會(huì)中成功或失敗的標(biāo)志。在事關(guān)命運(yùn)的一天里你的整個(gè)前途就被決定下來(lái)了。它不管你當(dāng)時(shí)的心情很糟糕，或者你的母親已去世。像那樣的小事不足掛齒：考試依然進(jìn)行。當(dāng)身陷致命的恐懼中或經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)無(wú)眠之夜后，沒(méi)人能發(fā)揮出他的最佳水平，不過(guò)這正是考試制度期望他這樣做的。

Themomentachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof“drop-outs”:youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareer?Canwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents?從孩子開(kāi)始上學(xué)的那一刻起，他就走進(jìn)了一個(gè)成功和失敗界限分明和可以衡量的惡毒競(jìng)爭(zhēng)之中。我們會(huì)對(duì)數(shù)目不斷增加的“輟學(xué)者”——甚至在年輕人開(kāi)始事業(yè)之前認(rèn)為他已完全失敗——感到詫異嗎？面對(duì)學(xué)生的自殺率我們能感到吃驚嗎？

Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledge,butinducecramming.一種好的教育應(yīng)當(dāng)包括培養(yǎng)你獨(dú)立的能力。而考試制度絕對(duì)沒(méi)有這樣的作用。必須學(xué)的東西被強(qiáng)硬地用課程大綱給制定出來(lái)，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生去死記。考試不能激勵(lì)學(xué)生去廣泛閱讀，而是限制他閱讀；考試不能使學(xué)生探索越來(lái)越多的知識(shí)，而是起到填鴨式的作用。

Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedoms.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects,theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress.考試促使降低教學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因?yàn)樗鼊儕Z了老師的一切自由。對(duì)老師本人教學(xué)水平的評(píng)判通常就是看學(xué)生的考試成績(jī)。老師們不去教授他們的課，而是簡(jiǎn)化教學(xué)，對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行他們嗤之以鼻的考試技巧培訓(xùn)。最成功的投考者不總是知識(shí)水平最高者；他們是高壓之下掌握考試技巧最老練者。

Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer.Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge’sdecisionyouhavetherightofappeal,butnotafteranexaminer’s.眾多因素所依賴的'考試成績(jī)只不過(guò)是某個(gè)匿名主考者的主觀評(píng)價(jià)。主考官們都是人。他們會(huì)變累，會(huì)饑餓，還會(huì)出錯(cuò)。然而，他們不得不在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)為大隊(duì)的匆匆草書(shū)的試卷判分。跟投考者一樣，他們也在相同的壓力之下工作，不過(guò)他們的話很有分量。在鑒定人鑒定之后，而不是主考官判卷后，你才有權(quán)提出查卷的申請(qǐng)。

Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson”strueabilities.Isitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthem?Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawle