英語六級仔細閱讀模擬試題及答案

英語六級仔細閱讀模擬試題及答案Cultureisthetotalsumofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupoghumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsassavage,undevelopedformsofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof"backward"languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyfullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflectstheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin"backward"languages,whiledifferentfromours,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.Anaccidentallanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness("this"and"that");somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturearetobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.1.thelanguageofuncivilizedgroupsascomparedtoWesternlanguagesarelimitedin___.A.soundpatternsB.vocabulariesC.grammaticalstructuresD.bothAandB2.Theauthorsaysthatprofessionallinguistsrecognizethat___.A.WesternlanguagesaresuperiortoEasternlanguagesB.AlllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroansC.ThehierarchyoflanguagesisdifficulttounderstandD.Thereisnohierarchyoflanguages3.Thearticlestatesthatgrunt-and-groanformsofspeecharefound___.A.nowheretodayB.amongtheAustralianaboriginesC.amongEasternculturesD.amongpeoplespeaking"backward"languages4.Accordingtotheauthor,languages,whethercivilizedornot,have___.A.thepotentialforexpandingvocabularyB.theirownsoundpatternsC.anabilitytotransferideasD.grammaticalstructures5.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedbutnotarticulatedinthepassage?A.Thestudyoflanguageshasdiscreditedanthropologicalstudies.B.Thestudyoflanguagehasreinforcedanthropologistsintheirviewthatthereisnohierarchyamongcultures.C.Thestudyoflanguageisthesameasthestudyofanthropologists.D.Thestudyoflanguagescastsanewlightupontheclaimofanthropologists.答案：BDAABEveryday25millionU.S.childrenrideschoolbuses.Thesafetyrecordforthesebusesismuchbetterthanforpassengercars;butnevertheless,about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.Byandlarge,however,thenation'sschoolchildrenaretransportedtoandfromschoolsafely.Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbuscasualties(死亡人數(shù))isnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone—particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbemandatory(強制性的)?Supportersofseatbeltsonschoolbusesarguethatseatbeltsarenecessarynotonlytoreducedeathandinjury,butalsototeachchildrenlessonsabouttheimportanceofusingthemroutinelyinanymovingvehicle.Asidebenefit,theypointout,isthatseatbeltshelpkeepchildrenintheirseats,awayfromthebusdriver.OpponentsofseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration's(NHTSA)safetyrequirementsetin1977.Theyalsobelievethatmanychildrenwon'twearseatbeltsanyway,andthattheymaydamagethebeltsorusethemasweaponstohurtotherchildren.AnewResearchCouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggeststhattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive.Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts.ThereportsponsoredbytheDepartmentofTransportationattherequestofCongress,reviewsseatbeltsextensivelywhiletakingabroaderlookatsafetyinandaroundschoolbuses.26.Eachyear,childrenkilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzonesareabout_______.A.10B.40C.30D.5027.Whichofthesewordsisnearestinmeaningtothewords"aredivided"inParagraph2?A.disagreeB.separateC.arrangeD.concern28.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontroloftheschoolbuses'"safety"?A.ANewResearchCouncil.B.TheDepartmentofTransportation.C.TheMedicalOrganizations.D.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration.29.Itmaybeinferredfromthispassagethat_______.A.manyoftheopponentsofseatbeltinstallationareparentsandofficialsoftheDepartmentofTransportationB.proposalofseatbeltsonschoolbuseswouldbeseriouslyconsideredC.analternatesafetydevice(raisingseatbacksfourinches)maybetakenintoconsiderationD.TheDepartmentofTransportationmayeithertaketheideaofseatbeltsorothermeasureswhenitreviewsthewholesituation30.Thebesttitlewhichexpressestheideaofthepassageis_______.A.MakingSchoolBusesEvenSaferforChildrenB.SeatBeltsNeededonSchoolBusesC.AlternateSafetyDevicesandProceduresD.SafetyinandaroundSchoolBuses參考答案：26.B27.A28.D29.D30.AOfallthecontinents,themostdrasticreductioninwildlifehasoccurredinNorthAmerica,wherethetransitionfromaruraltoahighlyindustrializedsocietyhasbeenmostrapid.Amongthevictimsarebirds,mammals,andfish.Wewillneveragainseethepassengerpigeonortheeasternelk.Theyhavebeenwipedout.Ofmanyotherspecies,onlyafewrepresentativesstillsurviveinthewild.TheU.S.DepartmentoftheInteriorhasputnofewerthan109speciesontheendangeredspecieslist.(Anendangeredspeciesisonewithpoorprospectsforsurvivalandinneedofprotection.)Thislistincludeseverythingfromthetimberwolftothewhoopingcrane.Eventhebaldeagle,ournationalsymbol,isthreatened.Animalsthatkillothergameforfoodarecalledpredators.Thepredatorsincludethewolf,mountainlion,fox,bobcat,andbear.AttackagainsttheseanimalsbeganwiththearrivalofthefirstEuropeansettlers,whowishedtoprotecttheirlivestock.Eventually,arewardwasofferedtohuntersforeverypredatorthatwaskilled.Thisrewardiscalledabounty.Ironically,theFederalgovernmentisthechieffounderofpredator-controlprograms.ThesettlersalsobroughtintheirOldWorldfearsandsuperstitionsconcerningpredators.Whetherpreying(捕食)onlivestockornot,predatorswereshotonsight.Thisattitudecontinuestothisdayforcoyotes,eagles,foxes,mountainlions,andbobcats,andislargelyresponsibleforplacingtheeasterntimberwolf,grizzlybear,andbaldeagleontheendangeredspecieslist.Yeteveryanimal,includingthepredator,hasitsplaceinnature'sgranddesign.Predatorshelpmaintainthehealthoftheirpreyspeciesbyeliminatingthediseased,young,oldandinjured.Predatorslikethemountainlionandthewolfhelptokeepthedeerherdshealthy.Occasionallossoflivestockmustbeweighedagainstthegoodtheseanimalsdoinmaintainingthebalanceofnature.26.InNorthAmerica,thenumberofwildanimalshasreducedmostgreatlymainlybecause_______.A.thebirds,mammalsandfishtherearemostpredatorsB.thedevelopmenttherehasbeenatthehighestpaceC.onlyafewspeciesstillliveintheworldD.manyspecieshavebeenputonth