職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類B級(jí)考試真題及答案閱讀理解

職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類B級(jí)考試真題及答案閱讀理解第4部分：閱讀理解(第31?45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第一篇MoreAmericanGettingHighBloodPressureThenumberofAmericanswithhighbloodpressureisontherisethanksinlargeparttogrowingratesofobesity(過度月巴胖)，researcherssaidonTuesday.Butincreasingnumbersofthosewithhighbloodpressure,alsocalledhypertensionaregettingtheconditiontreated,researchersfromtheUSgovernment’sNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)wroteinthejournalHypertention.Highbloodpressurecanleadtostroke,heartattack,heartfailureorkidney(Jff)failure.Itissometimescalledthe“silentkiller”becauseithasnosymptoms,andmanypeoplehaveitforyearswithoutknowingit.Dataspanningsixyearsthrough2004showedthat29percentofUSadultshadhighbloodpressure,comparedto24percentinthesix-yearperiodendingin1994，theresearcherssaid.“Thepercentageofthepopulationwithhighbloodpressureisgoingthewrongway---it’sincreasing，”Dr.JeffreyCutleroftheNIH’sNationalHeart,Lung,andBloodInstitutesaidinatelephoneinterview.Someoftheleadingfactorsbehindhighbloodpressureincludebeingobeseoroverweight,notgettingregularphysicalactivity,smokingandtoomuchsaltinthediet.Thestudyshowedblackscontinuedtohavehigherratesofhighbloodpressurethanwhites.Duringthe1999-2004period,61percentofthosewithhighbloodpressurewereundergoingtreatmentforitand35percenthadtheirbloodpressureundercontrol,theresearcherssaid.Anumberofdifferentdrugsareusedtotreathypertension.Thefindingwerebasedondataonanationallyrepresentativesampleof16,351USadultsfor1988-1994and14,430adultsfor1999-2004.31ThenumberofAmericanswithhypertensionisA?smallerthanbeforeA.thesameasbeforeB.greaterthanbeforeC.hardtocalculate32.HypertensionmayleadtoA.strokeB.heartattackC.kidneyfailureD.alloftheabove33.Hypertensionissometimescalledthe“silentkiller”becauseA.itscausesremainunknownB.itoftenhasnosymptomsC.it’salifelongconditionD.it9streatedsecretly.34.Twenty-ninepercentofUSadultshadhypertensionA.duringthe1999-2004periodB.duringthe1988-2004periodCduringthe1994-1999periodD.duringthe1988-1994period35.whichofthefollowingisNOTalikelycauseofhypertension?A.ConstantsmokingB.ObesityoroverweightC.Regularphysicalactivity.D.Toomuchsaltinthediet第二篇DangersAwaitBabieswithAltitudeWomenwholiveintheworld’shighestcommunitiestendtogivebirthtounder-weightbabies,anewstudysuggests.Thesebabiesmaygrowintoadultswithahighriskofheartdiseaseandstrokes.Researchhashintedthatnewbornsinmountaincommunitiesarelighterthanaverage.Butitwasn’tclearwhetherthisisduetoreducedoxygenlevelsathighaltitudeorbecausetheirmothersareundernourished—manypeoplewholiveathighaltitudesarerelativelypoorcomparedwiththoselivinglowerdown.Tofindoutmore，DinoGiussaniandhisteamatCambridgeUniversitystudiedtherecordsof400birthsinBoliviaduring1997and1998.Thebabieswerebominbothrichandpoorareasoftwocities:LaPazandSantaCruz.LaPazisthehighestcityintheworld,at3.65kilometersabovesealevel,whileSantaCruzismuchlower,at0.44kilometers.Sureenough,GiussanifoundthattheaveragebirthweightofbabiesinLaPazwassignificantlylowerthaninSantaCruz.Thiswastrueinbothhighandlow-incomefamilies.EvenbabiesbomtopoorfamiliesinSantaCruzwereheavieronaveragethanbabiesbomtowealthyfamiliesinloftyLaPaz.“Wewereverysurprisedbythisresult，，，saysGiussani.Theresultssuggestthatbabiesbomathighaltitudearedeprivedofoxygenbeforebirth.“Thismaytriggerthereleaseorsuppressionofhormonesthatregulategrowthoftheunbornchild,“saysGiussani.Histeamalsofoundthathigh-altitudebabiestendedtohaverelativelylargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies.Thisisprobablybecauseafetusstarvedofoxygenwillsendoxygenatedbloodtothebraininpreferencetotherestofthebody.Giussaniwantstofindoutifsuchbabieshaveahigherriskofdiseaseinlaterlife.PeoplebominLaPazmightbepronetohearttroubleinadulthood,forexample.Lowbirthweightisariskfactorforcoronaryheartdisease.Andnewbornswithahighratioofheadsizetobodyweightareoftenpredisposedtohighbloodpressureandstrokesinlaterlife.32.Whatdoesthenewstudydiscover?A.BabiesbomtowealthyfamiliesareheavierB.WomenlivingathighaltitudestendtogivebirthtounderweightbabiesC.NewbornsincitiesarelighterthanaverageD.Low-altitudebabieshaveahighriskofheartdiseaseinlaterlife33.GiussanandhisteamaresurethatA.babiesbominLaPazareonaveragelighterthaninSantaCruzB.peoplelivinginLaPazarepoorerthanthoseinSantaCruzC.thebirthweightofbabiesbomtowealthyfamiliesisaboveaverageD.mothersinLaPazarecommonlyunder-nourished34.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatGiussansaysinParagraph4thatA.hewasverytiredB.thestudytooklongerthanexpectedC.thefindingwasunexpectedD.hewassurprisedtofindlow-incomefamiliesinLaPaz35.TheresultsofthestudyindicatethereasonforthebirthofunderweightbabiesisA.lackofcertainnutritionB?reductionofoxygenlevelsA.povertyoftheirmothersD?differentfamilybackgrounds40?ItcanbelearntfromthelastparagraphthatA.underweightbabieshaveashorterlifespanB.babiesbomtopoorfamilieslackcertainhormonesbeforebirth.C.high-altitudebabiestendtohavehighbloodpressureintheirlaterlifeD.newbornsinwealthyfamilieshavelargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies.第三篇NewUSPlanforDiseasePreventionUrgingAmericanstotakeresponsibilityfortheirhealth,HealthandHumanServicesSecretaryTommyThompsononTuesdaylauncheda$15millionprogramtotrytoencouragecommunitiestodomoretopreventchronicdiseaseslikeheartdisease,canceranddiabetess(糖尿病)?Theinitiative(倡議)highlightsthecostofchronicdisease^theleadingcausesofdeathintheUnitedStates—andoutlineswaysthatpeoplecanpreventthem,includingbetterdietandincreasedexercise.“IntheUnitedStatestoday，7of10deathsandthevastmajorityofseriousillness,disabilityandhealthcarecostsarecausedbychronicdiseases，，，theHealthandHumanServicesDepartmentsaidinastatement.Thecausesareoftenbehavioral—smoking,pooreatinghabitsandalackofexercise.“Iamconvincedthatpreventingdiseasebypromotingbetterhealthisasmartpolicychoiceforourfuture,55Thompsontoldaconferenceheldtolaunchtheinitiative.“Ourcurrenthealthcaresystemisnotstructuredtodealwiththerisingcostsoftreatingdiseasesthatarelargelypreventablethroughchangesinourlifestylechoices.”Thompsonsaidheartdiseaseandstrokewillcostthecountrymorethan$351billionin2003.“Theseleadingcausesofdeathformenandwomenarelargelypreventable,yetweasanationarenottakingthestepsnecessaryforustoleadhealthier,longerlives，”hesaid.The$15millionisscheduledtogotocommunitiestopromoteprevention,pushingforchangesassimpleasbuildingsidewalkstoencouragepeopletowalkmore.Dailyexercisesuchaswalkingcanpreventandevenreverseheartdiseaseanddiabetes,andpreventcancerandstrokes.Themoneywillalsogotocommunityorganizations,clinicsandnutritionists(營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家)whoarebeingencouragedtoworktogethertoeducatepeopleatriskofdiabetesaboutwhattheycandotopreventitandencouragemorecancerscreening.TheAmericanCancerSocietyestimatesthathalfofallcancerscanbecaughtbyscreening.Ifsuchcancerswereallcaughtbyearlyscreening,theSocietyestimatesthatthesurvivalrateforcancerwouldriseto95percent.41.The$15millionprogramisaimedatA.promotingdiseasepreventionB.buildingmoresidewalksC.helpingneedycommunitiesD.wipingoutchronicdiseases42.Whi