高中英語必修五第五單元B5U5課件

Unit5FirstaidWhatisfirstaid?/whyshallwedofirstaid?Firstaidis_______________________giventosomeonewhosuddenly______or____________beforeadoctorcanbefound.Firstaid,ifitis_________andcorrectlygiven,cansaveaperson’slife.atemporaryformofhelpgetsinjuredfallsillquicklyWhocangive/do/offerfirstaid?Anyonewiththerightknowledgecangivefirstaid;youdon’thavetobeadoctor.Guessthewordsanphrases!b_____v.流血leedburnBrainstorm2.i_____n.損傷,

傷害3.b_____v.(被)燒傷4.p_____n.毒藥njuryoison5.a_____v.&n.援助；救助id6.t_________n.治療reatment7.e______adj.電的lectric8.p_______v.贈送，提出9.p_______n.壓力，壓強resentressureThebestwaytotreatahurtankleisto__________.A.putanicepackonyourankleB.putaheatingpad(墊子)aroundyourankleC.keeponwalkingandjumping2.Ifyougetanosebleed,gentlyletyourheadbacktostopthebleeding.A.True.B.False.Itmayleadthebloodintothethroatandeasilycausechoking.3.Totreataburn,youshould_______.A.rub(擦)somebutteronitB.holdtheburntpartundercoldrunningwaterC.putsaltontheburntpart4.Youshouldwaitatleastfiveminutesbeforetouchingsomebodywhohasbeenstruckbylightning,oryoumightgetashock(打擊).A.True.B.False.6.Totreatachoke,youshouldmakehim/herspitbypattinghim/herontheback.A.True.B.False.Someoneisholdingontothelowerpartofhisleg,lookingrathersurprisedandwatchingasnakeslideaway.asnakebiteLayhimdownandkeephimstill.Thenseeadoctorassoonaspossible.Speedisthemostimportant.Applypressuretothebittenareawithyourhandsandthen,assoonaspossible,bandagethebittenareafirmlySomeonehasfallendownthestairsandbrokenherarm.abrokenarmLeaveherwheresheisWemustn’tmovesomeoneiftheyarebadlyhurt.GetmedicalhelpimmediatelyDonotmovethebrokenboneifpossible.Supportitinthemostcomfortableposition.Questionsforthepicture:1.Whathashappened?2.Whatsortofinjurywillthegirlhave?3.Whatkindoffirstaidwouldyouperforminthissituation?Achildhaspouredakettleofboilingwaterontoherself.Shewillhavebadburns.

FIRSTAIDFORBURNSReadingReadthetitleofthetextandtheheadingswithinittofindoutwhatthetopicofthetextandhowtheinformationisorganized.Itisaboutfirstaidfor_______andtheinformationisorganizedaccordingto________,types,_____________andfirstaid_______forburnsbesidesthe___________oftheskin.burnscausescharacteristicstreatmentfunctionsInwhichorderarethesetopicscoveredinthetext?Numberthemfrom1to5.thethreetypesofburnswhattodoifsomeonegetsburnedthefunctionsoftheskinthesymptomsofburnshowwegetburns35142Thethreelayersofskin:ThethirdlayerThesecondlayerThetoplayerBurnscanbecausedbydryheat(likefire),wetheat(suchassteamorhotliquids),radiation,heatedobjects,thesun,electricity,orchemicals.Thermalburnsarethemostcommontype.Thermalburnsoccurwhenhotmetals,scaldingliquids,steam,orflamescomeincontactwithyourskin.Thesearefrequentlytheresultoffires,automobileaccidents,playingwithmatches,improperlystoredgasoline,spaceheaters,andelectricalmalfunctions.Othercausesincludeunsafehandlingoffirecrackersandkitchenaccidents(suchasachildclimbingontopofastoveorgrabbingahotiron).CausesofBurnsMildlySwollen,blisters

Dry,red

MildlypainfulWhitewhenpressed

Rough,redandswollen

blistersWaterysurfaceextremelypainfulBlack&white&charredSwollen,tissue

can

be

seenPain

aroundedgeornopainifnervesaredamaged1.Samknockedoverakettlefullofboilingwaterontohislegs.Hislegsbecamered,swollenandcoveredwithblisters.2.Whileironingshirts,MissGoodaccidentallytouchedtheiron.Herwristblisteredandbecamewatery.3.After1hoursunbath,Liarnoticedherarmsredandhurtabit.4.Mrs.Casey’ssleevecaughtfirewhilecooking.Herarmlookedterriblebutitdidn’thurt.Theskinwascharred.ACTION!作名詞幫助;援助(不可數(shù))Teachersgivetheirlessonswith

the

aid

ofcomputers.

Heraisedmoneyin

aid

of

the

sick.2.

temporary

暫時的,臨時的

temporaryrelieffrompain

短暫的解痛

temporarywork/solution

臨時工作/解決辦法

3.fallill

生病fall+adj.睡著了____________清醒了_____________安靜下來_____________Hissonsuddenly_______lastweek.他兒子突然生病了。fall

asleep

fall

awakefall

silent

fell

ill4.injurev.

______n.______adj.injuryto

sth.…(部位)的傷他干活時腿受了重傷。(injury)Hegot________________atwork.

他在意外事故中受了傷。(injure)He__________intheaccident.

injuries

to

the

legs

got

injuredinjuryinjured5.bleed

流血

bleed—bled—bled

Myheart

bleedsforthosepoorchildren.Hisnoseisbleeding./Heis

bleedingatthenose.

bloodyadj.Theskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyanditslargestorgan.皮膚是身體必不可少的部分,也是身體的最大器官。essential

adj.

必要的,基本的,本質(zhì)的如：Hardworkisessentialtosuccess.成功必須努力工作。be

essentialfor/to…

對……來說是必要的LanguagePointsItisessentialthat從句

……是必要的Itisessentialforsbtodo…做某事對某人來講是必要的essentials

n.必需品2.Youhavethreelayersofskinwhichactasabarrieragainstdiseases,poisonsandthesun’sharmfulrays.你有三層皮膚作為屏障來保護你免遭疾病、毒藥和有害光線的侵害。barriern.“屏障,障礙物,隔閡”。如：Youneedtoshowtheticketthebarrier.你需要在檢票處處是(你的)票。Thecrowdlinkedarmstoformabarrier.群眾臂挽著臂組成人墻。thelanguagebarrier語言的隔閡3.…itkeepsyouwarmorcool;itpreventsyourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater;itiswhereyoufeelcold,heatorpainanditgivesyouyoursense

of

touch……皮膚能保暖或御寒,保持體內(nèi)水分不過多流失,正是皮膚讓你感到冷熱和疼痛,皮膚還使你有觸覺。1)keepyouwarmorcool

為keep復合結(jié)構(gòu),即keep+賓語+賓補,使處于某種狀態(tài)……。賓補除由形容詞充當之外,還可用名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語、副詞來充當。Thiscoatwillkeepyouwarm.Thisstorywillkeepthechildrenamused.Theillnesskeptherinhospital.I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.2)preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事Whatcanwedotopreventthisdiseasespreading?Shewaspreventedfromtakingtheexambyillness.拓展：stopsb(from)doingsthkeepsbfromdoingsth3)senseoftouch觸覺其他表示各種感覺的詞還有:senseofsight視覺；senseofhearing聽覺；senseoftaste味覺senseofsmell嗅覺；senseofhumor幽默感senseofdirection方向感senseofurgency緊迫感4.Soasyoucanimagine,ifyourskingets

burned,itcanbeveryserious.

該句是一個主從復合句,主句為:Soifyourskingetsburned,itcanbeveryserious;從句為:asyoucanimagine.as引導非限制性定語從句,指代后面的內(nèi)容,有“正如……”或“就象……”的意思;它所引導的從句位置較靈活,

可以位于句首、句中或句末。另外,該句的主句中還含有一個if引導的條件狀語從句。請看類似的句子：Asyoucansee,iftheyarenotproperlyprotected,thefarmlandswillbecomedessertssoonerorlater.正如你所看到的,這些農(nóng)田如果保護不當遲早會變成沙漠。

get+過去分詞表被動或狀態(tài)

Thecomputergotdamagedwhenweweremoving.Mybikeis

getting

repairednow.Myglassesgot

brokenwhileIwasplayingbasketball.PeterandMarygot

marriedlastyear.5.Examplesincludemildsunburnandburnscausedbytouchingahotpan,stoveorironforamoment.(一度燙傷或燒傷的)例子包括輕微的曬傷,以及碰到熱鍋、爐子或烙鐵而導致的燙(燒)傷。

mild在這個句子中的意思是“輕微的、不嚴重的”。如:Edwardsufferedamildheartattack.愛德華犯了輕微的心臟病。mild還可以表示“溫和的、暖和的;味淡的”

如:She’sthemildestpersonIhaveevermetinmylife.她是我平生見到過的最溫柔的人了。amildclimate溫暖的天氣mildcheese淡味奶酪6.swell

v.膨脹,隆起

她的腿腫得很厲害。風鼓起了帆。大雨使河水上漲了。Herleghasswollenbadly.Thewindswelledthesails.Theheavyrainswelledtheriver.swollen

可作形容詞,表示“腫脹的”Hereyeswereredandswollenwithweeping.

她的眼睛哭得又紅又腫。7.Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessaryunlessitisstucktotheburn.

除非衣服粘貼在燒傷面上,否則都要把衣服脫掉。如果需要的話,可以使用剪刀。

1)unless

除非……;如果不……如：

Don’tmakeitpublicunlessIagree.

除非我同意,否則不能公布于眾。Unlessthedestructionoftheozonelayerisstopped,thepolaricecapswillmeltwithterribleconsequences.如果不停止對臭氧層的破壞的話,南北兩極的冰冠就可能融化并造成可怕的后果。2)sticksth.tosth.

粘住Stickthegluetomyfingers.8.Take

offotherclothingandjewelleryneartheburn.靠近燒傷面的其他衣物和首飾也都要拿掉。takeoff

取下

用法歸納:(1)脫下Ican'ttakemybootsoff,they'resotight!

靴子太緊了,我脫不下來!(2)(飛機)起飛It'sexcitingtofeeltheplanetakingoff.感覺到飛機起飛令人興奮。(3)離開,離去I'lltakeoffnow,andseeyoulater.我現(xiàn)在就要走了,回頭見。(4)拿掉,取下Ican'ttakethelidoff,it'sstuck!這蓋子卡住了,我拿不下來。聯(lián)想拓展takeaway

拿走

take

back

帶回,歸還take

up

舉起;占(時間、空間)take

down

降下;拆毀take

in

吸收take

out

除去take

on

呈現(xiàn)take

over

接管9.jewellery/jewel

jewelleryn.珠寶的總稱(不可數(shù))

jeweln.珠寶,首飾(可數(shù))Thejewels

werekeptinthesafe.Sheappearedatthereceptionwearingherfinest

jewels.

jewelsShelockedher______inthe________box.jewellery問題：你還能再列舉幾個這樣的單詞嗎？10.Coolburnsimmediatelywithcoolbutnoticywater.

立即用涼水給傷口沖涼，但不要用冰水。

-y是個形容詞后綴。如：

windy有風hilly多小山的

sleepy困倦的greeny略呈綠色的

spicy辛辣的woody樹木茂密的11.Forseconddegreeburns,keepclothscoolbyputtingthembackinabasinofcoldwater,squeezingthemoutandplacingthemontheburnedareaoverandoveragainforaboutanhouruntilpainisnotsobad.對于二度燒傷,要保持濕布清涼,需把濕布放回冷水中,擰出水后放在燒傷面上,這樣要反反復復地做一個小時左右,直到不太痛時為止。squeeze

擠;壓;塞Thecarwasfull,butImanagedtosqueezein.Hesqueezeeverythingintoasuitcase.squeeze

fromsqueeze

outsqueeze

through從身上榨取擠出擠著通過12.Holdthebandagein

placewithtape.用膠布把繃帶固定。in

place在適當?shù)牡胤饺纾篢helibrarianputthereturnedbooksin

place.圖書館員把還回的圖書放到原處。You’dbetterputthingsbackin

place.Otherwise,itwillbedifficulttofindthings.你最好把你的東西放回原位,不然很難找。inplace還有“準備就緒”的意思。如：ThearrangementsfortheconcertnextSaturdayareallinplace.周六的音樂會已經(jīng)準備就緒。out

of

place

地方放的不對;不合適Herdresswasoutofplaceattheceremony.13.Ifburnsareonarmsorlegs,keepthemhigherthantheheart,ifpossible.如果燒傷的部位在臂部或腿部,要盡可能反手臂或腿抬到高于心臟的位置。上下肢被燒傷后,應將患肢抬高于心臟,這是為了促進血液回流,防止燒傷處出現(xiàn)水腫。Seventeen-year-oldteenager,JohnJanson,washonouredattheLifesaverAwardslastnightinRivertownforgivinglifesavingfirstaidonhisneighbourafterashockingknifeattack.里弗鎮(zhèn)的17歲青年約翰詹森昨晚在救生員頒獎大會上領(lǐng)獎,因為在一次駭人聽聞的持刀殺人案件發(fā)生后,他給他的鄰居實施了緊急搶救。Language

Points

honor

v.給予表揚(或獎勵、頭銜、稱號)honors.b/s.th(withsth)(fors.th)尊敬;使感到榮幸honors.b(withsth)ThePresidenthonoreduswithapersonalvisit.總統(tǒng)親臨使我們感到萬分榮幸。Iam

honored

tobeherewithyou.能和你在這里我感到很榮幸。DrBethunewas

honored

forhisselflesswork.

白求恩大夫由于他無私的工作而受到贊譽。Iamhonoredthatyoushouldnoticeme.我很榮幸您能注意到我。behonoredfor…因…而受到尊敬

be/feel

honored

to

do

很榮幸能做…be/feel

honored

that

…很榮幸能做…anhonoredguest貴賓honorn.(U)榮譽,尊敬;名譽It’sapointofhonorwithmetoreplyallmydebtspromptly.(C)引以為榮的人/事,只用單數(shù)Thesuccessfullaunchofthe“ShenzhouVI”isanhonortoourcountry.短語搭配:

showhonourto…

向…表示敬意dosbanhonor/thehonor(ofdoingsth)使某人有特殊的榮幸,賞光havethehonor(ofsth)獲得某種特殊的榮幸,有幸……onone’shonor

以名譽或人格擔保in

honorof…

為向…表示敬意,為紀念……in

sb’s/sth’shonor

出于對……的敬意Willyoudomethehonorofdiningwithme?MayIhavethehonorofthisdance?Hewasonhishonornottotellthesecret.Amonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheheroeswhogaveuptheirlivesduringthewar.WeareplanningabigChristmaspartyinyourhonor.2.award

vt.授予,獎給;判給學校將獎給你10000塊！Ourschoolwillawardyou10thousandyuan.Youwillbeawarded10thousandyuanbyourschool.noun.獎品,獎狀,獎金OscarAward奧斯卡金像獎BestActorAward/BestActressAwardBestSupportingActorAwardreward

n.報酬,報答,獎賞,報償;賞金,酬金vt.酬謝,獎賞警方出大筆賞金要求提供那起搶劫案的破案線索。Thepoliceareofferingabigrewardforinformationabouttherobbery.我怎樣才能報答你的好心呢?HowcanIrewardyourkindness?inreward作為酬報/回報Idon'texpectanythinginreward.1.Itiswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearnto

dothingsbecausecertainactsleadto_____.A.rewards

B.prizes

C.awards

D.results2.Themayor_______thepoliceofficeramedalofhonorforhisheroicdeedinrescuingtheearthquakevictims.A.rewarded

B.awarded

C.credited

D.prizedaward與reward詞義辨析AB3.Thepolicehaveofferedalarge_____forinformationleadingtotherobber’sarrest.A.awardB.compensationC.prizeD.rewardD3.Johnwas

presented

withhisawardataceremony

which

recognizedthebraveryoftenpeoplewho

hadsavedthelifeofanother.1)bepresentedwithsth:be

given

withpresent

v.頒發(fā),授予,贈送如：Themayorpresentedtheprizesinperson.常用:

presentsbwithsth=presentsthtosb授予/贈給某人某物Hepresentasilvercuptothewinner.他把銀杯頒給了獲勝者。

此外,present作動詞還有“呈現(xiàn),顯示;闡述,表達;引見”等意思。如：Thesameproblempresenteditselftoheragain.同樣的問題又在她身上出現(xiàn)。MayIpresentyoutomyhusband?我可以把您介紹給我丈夫嗎?

present

adj.既可作前置修飾語,也可作表語,常有“現(xiàn)存的,現(xiàn)在的;在場的,出席的”等含義。如：Thepresentpresidentisawoman．現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)是位女士。Shewaspresentatthemeeting．她出席了會議。present

n.[C]禮物[U]表示區(qū)別過去或?qū)淼摹艾F(xiàn)在”Welearnfromthepast,experiencethepresentandhopeforsuccessinthefuture．我們學習過去,體驗現(xiàn)在,希望未來成功。Igotmanypresentsformybirthday．相關(guān)短語:

thepresentday

今天(=today)at

present／atthepresenttime＝now現(xiàn)在for

the

present

暫時the

present

現(xiàn)在(相當于名詞)be

present

at

出席;到場2)ceremony

n.(C)典禮;儀式

(U)禮節(jié);禮儀;客套

Theweddingceremonywasbeautiful.Thereisnoneedforceremonybetweenus.Expressions:standonceremony

拘泥禮節(jié);講究客套with

ceremony

正式;隆重without

ceremony

不拘禮節(jié)地;隨便地Theheadofstatewaswelcomedwithfullceremony.人們以最高規(guī)格的儀式歡迎國家首腦。4.braverybravery---noun勇敢,勇氣詞性變化brave---adj.勇敢的brave的同義詞courageous\fearless\manful5.Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming.此句型中when作并列連詞相當于andthen意為”正當……時突然”,常用于以下句型：bedoing…when…

正在做……突然be

abouttodo…when…

即將做……突然beonthepointtodo…when…正要去做…..突然has/have/haddone…when…剛剛……這時(突然)Tomwassittingnearthefirewhenheheardaknockatthedoor.湯姆正坐在火爐邊,這時他聽到一陣敲門聲。Shewasabouttogooutwhenanunexpectedvisitorcame.她正準備出去,這時來了一位不速之客。Iwasabouttoplaycomputergameswhenmymothercameback.我正準備玩游戲突然媽媽回來了。(06湖南)Ihadjuststeppedoutofthebathroomandwasbusydryingmyselfwithatowel,____Iheardthesteps.A.whileB.whenC.sinceD.afterB

6.TheydiscoveredthatAnneSlade,

motherofthree,hadbeenstabbedrepeatedly

withaknife.repeatedly是由動詞repeat的過去分詞加-ly構(gòu)成。類似的詞匯有：excitedly興奮地worriedly焦急地contentedly滿足unexpectedly出乎意料7.Heimmediatelyaskedanumberofnearbypeopleforbandages,but…他立即向旁邊的一些人要繃帶,但……anumber

of+可數(shù)名詞,謂語用復數(shù),意為“許多、大量的……”;the

number

of+可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù),意為“……的數(shù)目”。如：Anumberofproblemshavearisen．Thenumberofcollegeshasincreasedinthepast10years.可數(shù)alarge/great／goodnumberofagreat／goodmanyquiteafewmanya不可數(shù)agreat/largeamountof

agreat/gooddealof

quitealittlemuchalotof/lotsofagreat/largequantityof

largequantitiesofplentyofamass/massesof

8.apply

申請,請求;使用,應用Weshouldapplyboththeoriesinthelanguageclassroom.我們應把兩種理論都運用到語言教室中去。applyto+部門,組織,人

向……提出申請applytodosth

申請做某事apply

oneself/sthtosth使致力(于),使專心從事HeappliedhimselftolearningFrench.他致力于學習法語。Wemustapplyourmindstofindingasolution.我們要動動腦筋找出解決的辦法來。apply

for

sth

申請applyforajob,post,passport,visa申請工作,職位,護照,簽證.

HehasappliedforapostinEngland.

他已申請在英國供職。apply

to

sth

適用Thisrulecannotapplytoeverycase.

這條規(guī)則并不是在每種情況下都能適用的。9.ThereisnodoubtthatJohn'squickthinkingandthefirstaidskillshelearnedatschoolsavedMsSlade'slife.毫無疑問,是約翰敏捷的思維和在學校學到的急救技術(shù),使得斯萊德女士的生命得救了。1)There’snodoubtthat...是固定句式,意為:“毫無疑問……”。2)There’snodoubt后接名詞時,需用介詞about或of。如:There'snodoubtabout/ofhishonesty.毫無疑問他是誠實的。3)肯定句中可用whether、if、that引起賓語從句,否定句中只能用that。如：Hedoubtedwhethertheywouldbeabletohelp.他拿不準他們是否能幫上忙。Thereis

some

doubtwhetherJohnwillcome.約翰是否會來很難說。Thereisno

doubtthattheplanwillsucceed.毫無疑問,這計劃一定會實現(xiàn)。10.Itshowsthataknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.aknowledgeof知道,了解,具有……知識HehasagoodknowledgeofEnglish.makea/some/nodifference

有一些/沒有什么區(qū)別Itdoesn’tmakeanydifferencetomewhetheryougoorstay.Therainmadeagreatdifferencetothisfootballmatch.這場雨對這場足球比賽有很大的影響。Itmakesnodifferencetomewhereyoucomefrom.你從什么地方來對我來說沒有什么關(guān)系。Exercises:1.________flowerswereboughtyesterday.________flowersboughtyesterdaywaslarge.A.Anumberof,ThenumberofB.Thenumberof,Anumberof2.Havingagoodteacherhas______forthenaughtyAlex.A.madeapointB.madeadifferenceC.madeasenseD.madeaprogress3.Heworkssohardthatthere’s___thathewillsucceedinthecontest.A.nowonderB.nodoubtC.nowayD.noneedABBEllipsisGrammar1.Thisradio,butthatonedoesn’t.讀下列句子,說你的感覺。work

wellworkswell2.Whenpure,acolorlessliquid.

water

iswater

is3.Are

you

?Yes,Iam

.readyready4.Hewas

as

he

had

been

inhisyouth.

aloverofsportsaloverofsports5.

The

river

deep

and

the

ice

thin.waswas6.

ake

care!YouTt1.省略句的定義省略是為了避免重復、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法修辭手段。省略在語言中,尤其在對話中,是一種十分普遍的現(xiàn)象。

2.句子成分的省略省略前提:

主謂賓,定狀表,如有重復可刪掉。省略原則:

詞語省略后,不致令人費解。省略類型：

1.心照不宣型(用于祈使句和某些現(xiàn)成的簡單句中)；

2.承前省后型(用于對話、并列句和動詞不定式中)；

3.可有可無型(用于賓從中的that、定從中作賓語的whom,which,that和某些狀從中)4.虛擬倒裝型(只用于需要倒裝的虛擬條件句中)。1.省略主語:祈使句中的主語通常被省略;其他省略的主語的情況多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。(1)

(You)

Come

in,

please.(2)

(I)

See

you

tomorrow.(3)(I)Thank

youforyourhelp.(4)

(I)

Beg

yourpardon.簡單句中的省略2.省略主語或謂語的一部分簡單句中的省略(1)(There

is)Nosmoking.(2)(Will

you)Haveasmoke?(3)Why(do

you)notsayhellotohim?(4)How(do

you

think)aboutacupoftea?(5)(You

come)thisway,please.3.省略賓語:可省略賓語的全部;可省略作賓語的動詞不定式,只保留to,但如果該賓語是動詞be或完成時態(tài),則須在to后加上be或have。---DoyouknowMissHu?---Idon’tknow(her).(2)Don’ttouchanythingunlesstheteachertellsyouto(touch).(3)---Areyouateacher?---No,butIwanttobe(ateacher).(4)---Hehasn’tfinishedthetask.---Well,heoughttohave(finish

it).4.省略表語---Areyouthirsty?---Yes,Iam(thirsty).Hisbrotherislazy.Norishissister(lazy).5.同時省略幾個句子成分---Areyoufellbetternow?---(I’m

feeling)better(now).(2)(Iwish)Goodluck(to

you)!(3)Let’smeetattheschoolgateasthesameas(we

met)yesterday.并列句中的省略兩個并列分句中,后一分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.(2)Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool(3)Lin’sfatherwasnotathome,buthismotherwas(at

home).主從復合句中的省略1.主句中有一些主謂被省略

(I’m)Sorrytoheatthatyouareill.(2)(It’s)apitythatyoumissedsuchagoodchance.2.省略從句中與主句相同的部分Theydonotvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visit

their

parents).3.主句與從句各有一些成分被省略Thesooner(you

do

it),thebetter(it

will

be).4.省略一個從句或從句的一部分,可用so或not代替。常用于此類的動詞有believe,think,expect,guess,hope,imagine,suppose,say,tell等以及appear,seem,afraidetc.(4)–Doyouthinkhewillattendthemeeting?--Iguess

not.(1)–Ishecomingbacktonight?--Ithinkso.(2)–Shemustbebusynow?

--If

so,shecan’t

go

with

us.(3)–Isshefeelingbettertoday?--I’mafraid

not.其他省略1.連詞that的省略賓語從句中常省略連詞that.

Iknowheisastudent.(2)在定語從句中,that在從句中作賓語時可省略。另外,凡是進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的定語從句都可省略關(guān)系代詞和be動詞。

Helikesthesongs(that)AndyLausings.Helikesthesongs(that

are)sungbyAndyLau.(that)2.在某些狀語從句中,從句的主語與主句的主語一致時,可省去“主語+be”部分。(1)Whenstillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.(2)Shetriedherbestthoughratherpoorinhealth.(3)Whilecycling,don’tforgetthetrafficlights.騎車時,不要忘記看紅綠燈。(youare)(you)(hewas)(shewas)3.不定式符號to的省略1)并列的不定式可省去后面的to.Itoldhim

to

sit

down

and

waitfor

amoment.2)help當“幫助”講時,后面的賓語或賓補的不定式符號to可帶可不帶。

Iwillhelp

(to)

doitforyou.

Iwillhelpyou

(to)

do

it.(3)介詞but前若有動詞do,后面的不定式不帶

to.The

boydidnothing

butplay.4)某些使役動詞(let,make,have)

及感官動詞(see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等）后面作賓語補足語的不定式一定要省去to,但在被動語態(tài)中須將to復原。

Isaw

the

boy

fallfrom

the

tree.The

boywas

seen

to

fallfrom

thetree.The

bossmade

us

work12

hoursaday.We

weremade

to

work12

hoursaday.5)主語從句中有動詞do,后面作表語的不定式的to可帶可不帶。

Whatwecandonowis(to)wait.6)find當“發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時，后面作賓語補足語的不定式符號to可帶可不帶。

Wefoundhim(to)workveryhardattheexperiment.

但如果是不定式tobe,則不能省略。

Shefoundhimto

bedishonest.(3)Should

there

be

aflood,whatshouldwedo?,theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.(2)

WereIyou,Iwoulddothework

better.Hadthey

timeIfI

had

time(IfIwereyou)(Ifthereshouldbeaflood)4.連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可省略,但要將后面的should,were,had提到主語的前面。5.英語中有一些固定的省略結(jié)構(gòu)：在以if,when,though,asif(好象)等連詞引導的從句中,如從句中的主要動詞是be,常將主語it和動詞be省略。Ifnecessary,weshallsendatelegramhome.如有必要,我們就往家里打電報。Wheneverpossible,hewillcometomyhelp.他一有可能就來幫助我。it

isit

is替代(一)so和not作替代詞,代替被省略的某個詞(組)或句子,一般同表示個人看法或想法的動詞連用,作beafraid,believe,become,all,do,expect,fear,hope,imagine,say,see,speak,suppose,think等的賓語。Not代替否定的句子還可放在perhaps,probably,absolutely等副詞后。e.g.Shewasnotangryatfirst,butbecameso(=angry)afterawhile.--Ishethebeststudentintheclass?--Ithinkso(=Heisbeststudentintheclass).--Ithinknot(=Heisnotthebeststudentintheclass).(二)替代的應用1.so可以放在句首或句尾,但若謂語動詞是see,notice,hear等,則只能放在句首。如：Ibelieve(say,think…)so.=SoIbelieve(say,think…).—Heisabsenttoday.—SoIsee(hear,notice).2.在表示肯定或懷疑意義的句中不可用so。如：誤:Idoubtso.

正:Idoubtit.4.doso一般只用替代動態(tài)動詞,不替代靜態(tài)動詞。如:Shesaidshewouldgowithme,butshedidn’tdoso.---Alicefeelsbettertoday.---Ithinkshedoes.---Soshedoes.而不能說

Ithinkshedoesso.3.在ask和know之后也不用so。如：誤:Whydoyouaskso?正:Whydoyouaskthat?Notes

1.省略句可同時省掉句子幾個成份Whatexcitingnews!(=Whatexcitingnewsitis!)多么令人激動的消息啊！Pityhe’sfailed.(=Itisapitythathe’sfailed.)很遺憾,他失敗了。Ilikehimmorethanher.(=IlikehimmorethanIlikeher.)我喜歡他更甚于喜歡她。3.被省略的部分一般可以在句子中補上,但有時省略結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)定型,如果把省略部分補上,反而不合乎習慣。HeistallerthanIam.他比我高。(am之后省略tall,補上不合習慣）Noparking.禁止停車。(告示用語=Noparkingisallowedhere.)有一些習慣表達很難補上所省略的部分：Notatall.不用謝。Nomatter.不要緊。Thanks.謝謝。1.Haven’tseenyouforages.2.Soundslikeagoodidea.3.Sorrytohearthat.4.thisway,please!5.Joiningusforawalk?6.Somemoretea?7.Doesn’tmatter.8.Pityyoucouldn’tcome.9.Terribleweather!10.Goingtothesupermarket?Exercise

IItIamWalkWould

you

likeWould

you

likeItIt

isaWhat/SuchAre

youExercise

ShecanswimunderwaterlongerthanIcanswimunderwater.2.Theydiscussedwhethertheyshouldstayinthehouseortheyshouldtrytheopenair.3.Theyhadameal,theywentoutforawalkandthentheycamebacktosleep.4.Don’tbatheifyoudon’ttobathe.5.Idon’tvisitmyparentsasmuchasIoughttovisitmyparents.1.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begunD單項選擇2.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut___hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhichA3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople______.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdoneA4.--I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycar?--Notatall.____.A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappytoD5.---Youhaven’tlosttheticket,haveyou?---______.Iknowit’snoteasytogetanotherone