Unit 1 Science and Scientists 單元檢測題-高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊

Unit1ScienceandScientists單元檢測題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀理解第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASmartKidsFestivalEvents

"SmartKids"isacollectionofonehundredeventsscheduledinOctober.Thisyear,itisexperimentingwithPayWhatYouDecide(PWYD).Thatis,youcandecidetopayforwhatyouwantorcanafford,afteryouhaveattendedanevent.Youcanpre-bookeventswithoutpayingforaticketinadvance.Herearesomeofthedirector'spicks.WalkontheWildSideNotticketed,Free

JoinstorytellerSarahLawtohearsciencestoriesaboutanimals.Alongthewayyou'llmeetallsortsofbeautifulcreaturesanddiscoverlifecyclesandthefoodchain.It'sbestsuitedtochildrenaged5—9.Childrenunder8mustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.IntroductiontoWavesPre-book,PWYD

Subjectsrangefromsoundwavestogravitywaves,andfromwavesoflighttocrashingwavesontheocean.MikeGoldsmithexploresthefundamentalfeaturessharedbyallwavesinthenaturalworld.ScienceintheFieldNotticketed,Free

Thisstorytellingnightfeaturesascientistsharinghisfavouritememoriesofgatheringfirst-handdataonvariousfieldtrips.Comealongforinspiringandinformativestoriesstraightfromthescientist'smouth.JoinMarkSamuelstofindoutmoreinthisfun-filledworkshop.FestivalDinnerPre-book,￡25perperson

Whetheryouwanttoexploremoreaboutfood,orjustfancyatalkoverameal,joinustomarkthefirstsciencefestivalinLondon.Whichfoodsshouldyoueattotrickyourbrainintothinkingthatyouarefull?FindoutmorefromTomCrawford.1.Inwhicheventcanyoudecidethepayment?A.WalkontheWildSide. B.IntroductiontoWaves.C.ScienceintheField. D.FestivalDinner.2.Whowilltalkaboutexperiencesofcollectingdirectdata?A.SarahLaw. B.MikeGoldsmith. C.MarkSamuels. D.TomCrawford.3.Whatdothefoureventshaveincommon?A.Family-based. B.Science-themed. C.Pickedbychildren. D.Filledwithadventures.B

Imagineaworldwhereyoumovearoundinfrontofapersonalcomputerinyourownsoundspace.Youlistentoyourfavoritesongs,playloudcomputergamesorwatchamovie—allwithoutotherpeoplehearingthesound.Thatisthepossibilitypresentedby"soundbeaming,"anewtechnologyfromNovetoSystems,anIsraelicompany.

OnFriday,thecompanypresentedadesktopdevicethatsendssounddirectlytoalistenerwithouttheneedforheadphonesoraspecialreceiver.NovetoSystemsgaveTheAssociatedPress(AP)achancetotestitsSoundBeamer1.0beforeitsdebut.TheAP’sLouiseDixonwritesthatlisteningtothedeviceislikesomethingfromasciencefictionmovie.Thesoundseemssocloseitfeelslikeitisinsideyourearswhilealsoinfront,aboveandbehindthem.

Novetoexpectsthedevicewillhavemanyuses.Officeworkerscouldlistentomusicorconferencecallswithoutothershearing.Peoplecouldplayagame,amovieormusicwithoutwakingupothersinthesameroom.Becausethedevicedoesnotuseheadphones,itispossibletohearothersoundsintheroomclearly.

Thedeviceusesa3-Dtechnologythatfindsandfollowstheearpositionofthelistener.Itsendsultrasonicwaves(超聲波)tocreatesoundpocketsbytheuser’sears.Soundcanbeheardinstereoor3-D.The3-Dmethodcreatessoundonallsidesofthelistener.Bychangingasetting,thesoundcanfollowalisteneraroundwhentheymovetheirhead.Italsoispossibletomoveoutofthesoundbeam’spathandhearnothingatall.

Whiletheideaofsoundbeamingisnotnew,Novetowasthefirsttolaunchthetechnology.ItschiefexecutiveofficerChristopheRamsteinsaidasmallerversionofthedevicewillbereadyforreleasetoconsumersnextyear.4.WhatdoweknowaboutSoundBeamer?

A.It'sadeviceappearinginthesciencefictionmovie.

B.Listenersgetitssoundthroughareceiver.

C.Itcanpreventothersoundbeingheard.

D.Asmalleronewillbeonmarketsoon.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"debut"inParagraph2mean?

A.Newversion. B.Firstappearance.

C.Anotherfailure. D.Somedoubt.

6.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphtellus?

A.Howthedeviceworks. B.Howtousethedevice.

C.Thedevice'sadvantage. D.Whythedeviceisinvented.

7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theintroductionofanewdevice—soundbeamer.

B.Theusageofthe3Dtechnology.

C.Theinfluencebroughtbysoundbeamer.

D.The3Dtechnologyandlisteningexperience.CWhataScientistIsLike

Ifyouwereaskedtoimagineascientist,whatimagewouldcometoyourmind?Thecommonideathatmostkidsfromkindergartenthroughcollegehaveofascientistisamanwearingawhitelabcoatwithmessyhair,bigglasses,andseveralglasscupsofmysteriouscolourfulliquidsgivingoffcloudsofsmoke.Asforadults,themajorityviewscientistsasstrangepeoplewhospend100hoursaweekslavingawayinalonelylaboratory.However,therealityisquitedifferent.

RecentlyI'vehadachancetotakepartinascientificexperiencefarfrommylaboratoryandintoCostaRica.ItsupportsahugeamountofwildlifeduetoitsgeographicalplacementbetweenNorthandSouthAmerica.Itishometomorethan500,000species,whichareatpresentnearly4%ofthetotalspeciesworldwide!

Firstweworkedalongsideconservationiststopreservewildlifeataleatherbackturtle(棱皮龜)rescuecentre.Wehelpedthevolunteerspreserveturtlepopulationsbyremovingrubbishfromtheshorelinetocreateasafeenvironmentforturtleeggstocomeout.AfterthatwestayedatMountArenalwherewestudiedseismicactivityrelatingtoearthquakes.DuringourstayatArenal,werodeoverthemountainousareasandtookalongwalkthroughtherainforest.Afterreachingthetop,wewentdownandthroughwaterfallstothebeautifulvalleybelow!Onthelastdaywegotahands-onintroductiontorocketsciencewherewelearntaboutnewrockettechnologythatwillbeusedontheinternationalspacestation.

DuringmyCostaRicaexperience,Iknowthatbeingascientistdoesn'tmeanworkinginalaballdayandnight.Ascientistisonewholoveslearningandgettingabetterunderstandingoftheworldfromhelpingpreservewildlife,learningaboutearthquakesorinventingrockets.Ithinkthatschoolsshouldreallystressthatscienceissomuchmorethanwearingalabcoatandmixingchemicals.Kidsneedtobeawareoftheexcitementandadventuressciencecanbring!Accordingtothefirstparagraph,scientistsareoftenbelieved_____.

A.toworkasslaves B.tobehaveinastrangeway

C.tospendtoomuchtimeinlabs D.todoexperimentsinmessylabs

8.Howdidtheauthorhelptopreservetheturtlepopulations?

A.Bycreatingasafenestforturtles.

B.Bypickinguprubbishfromtheshoreline.

C.Bycollectingtheturtleeggsonthebeach.

D.Byfindingacomfortableenvironmentforturtles.

10.Whatdoestheauthorlearnaboutsciencefromhisexperience?

A.Scienceisfullofboringexperiments.

B.Scienceismorethanworkinginalab.

C.Scienceisrelatedtomysteriousliquids.

D.Scienceisaboutwildlifeandearthquakes.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Toencouragekidstostudyscience.

B.TotellthestoryoftravellinginCostaRica.

C.ToexpectmorepeopletotravelinCostaRica.

D.Tosharethesecretsbehindsciencephenomena.D

WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.

Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.

WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校園)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.

ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲線)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.

Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).

Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodemarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.

Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,"hesaid.

"ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,"hesaid.

"Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,"saidWang.

Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.12.Wang'swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare_____.A.followingthelatestworldtrend B.gettinginternationalrecognitionC.workingharderthaneverbefore D.relyingonforeignarchitects13.WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A.Itshillyenvironment. B.Itslargesize.C.Itsuniquestyle. D.Itsdiversefunctions.14.WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes. B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.C.Theuseofpopulartechniques. D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.15.WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A.Spreadthemtotheworld. B.Preservethematmuseums.C.Teachtheminuniversities. D.Recreatetheminpractice.第二節(jié)七選五(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Characteristicsofanexcellentscientist

TheFreeDictionarydefinesascientistasapersonhavingprofessionalknowledgeononeormoresciences,especiallynaturalscienceorphysicalscience.___16__Let'slookatsomecharacteristicsofanexcellentscientist.Curiosity.

___17__

ScientistssuchasThomasEdisonandGeorgeWestinghousediscoveredthingsmainlybecausetheywantedtoknowhowthingswork.Ifascientistdoesn'thavethedrivetoaskquestionsorevenwonder,thenhe/shewillnevergettothefirststageofthescientificprocess.Patience.

___18__

Thereareveryfewjobsthattakelongerthanthisone.Evenifyouthinkyouhavereceivedsomeeducationonscience,youstillhavealotofscientificresearchtodo.Ifyou'reaninstant-gratification(即時(shí)滿足)typeofperson,thismaynotbethebestchoiceforyou.Ethicalqualities.

Inordertotrulydiscoveranduseknowledgeforthegreatergood,ascientistmusthaveadesiretoimprovepeople'slifeaswellastheenvironmentandlivingthings,sincetheyarealllinkedandtheycanaffectoneanotherinthelongrun.Ascientistmustreportfindingshonestlyregardlessofpersonaloroutsidecommercialinterests.Stickingtoanoldbeliefcontradictedbyevidenceisdishonest.__19___Workinghabits.

Anexcellentscientisteventakesnotesofthesmallestobservation,keepingitinmindandrecordingit.

___20__He/Shealsoneedstocommunicatethoughtsonpaperandverbally.Networkingskillsconnecthim/herwithcolleaguesworkingonsimilarprojectswherehe/shemaydiscoversomethingnew.A.Tomakediscoveriesinhumanknowledge,youhavetothinkdifferently.B.Anexcellentscientistmustbeverycuriousaboutthings.C.Oneofthemainplacesthatmanyscientistsworkinistheresearchlaboratory.D.However,thatbeliefshouldn'tbechangedwithoutpowerfulevidence.E.He/Shecanworkwellaloneoringroups,dependingonwhat'sneeded.F.Becomingascientisttakesalongtime.G.Italsodefinesascientistassomeonewhousesscientificmethods.第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Doyouthinkyouhavewhatittakestobeasuccessfulscientist?Asuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfull

21

ofthefactsheobserves.Hedoesn'tacceptideaswhicharenot

22

onobviousfacts,andthereforerefusestoacceptauthorityastheonlyreasonfortruth.Healwayschecksideas

23

andmakesexperimentstoprovethem.

Theriseofmodernsciencemaybeconsideredto

24

asfarbackasthetimeofRogerBacon,thewonderfulphilosopherofOxford,wholivedbetweentheyears1214and1294.HewasprobablythefirstintheMiddleAgestosuggestthatweshouldlearnscience

25

observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimself

26

manyimportanttruths.

Galileo(1564—1642),

27

,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmeninItaly,France,Germany,andEngland,whobegantoshowhowmanyimportant

28

couldbediscoveredbyobservationbydegrees.BeforeGalileo,learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodiesfellmorerapidlytowardstheearththansmallones,

29

Aristotlesaidso.ButGalileo,goingtothetopoftheLeaningTowerofPisa,letfalltwo

30

stonesandprovedAristotlewaswrong.ItisGalileo's

31

ofgoingdirecttonature,andprovingour

32

andtheoriesbyexperiment,thathas

33

allthediscoveriesofmodernscience.

Whatmakesthosepeoplegoodscientists?FromtheexampleofGalileo,weknowclearlythat

34

scientistsarethosewhoseobservationshave

35

betterresults.21.A.use

B.sense

C.speed

D.trust

22.A.relied

B.based

C.insisted

D.centered

23.A.casually

B.carefully

C.quickly

D.privately

24.A.date

B.keep

C.look

D.come

25.A.in

B.with

C.on

D.by

26.A.brought

B.discovered

C.handled

D.announced

27.A.however

B.therefore

C.seldom

D.never

28.A.truths

B.problems

C.investigations

D.subjects

29.A.although

B.because

C.when

D.if

30.A.big

B.small

C.similar

D.unequal

31.A.spirit

B.skill

C.theory

D.wish

32.A.plans

B.opinions

C.world

D.ability

33.A.ledto

B.turnedto

C.setup

D.putforward

34.A.reasonable

B.successful

C.expert

D.sensitive

35.A.foreseen

B.rejected

C.produced

D.challenged第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Cholerausedtobeoneof_____36_____(frightening)diseases.Intheearly19thcentury,when

_____37_____outbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeopledied.Butneitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.ABritishdoctor,JohnSnow,wantedtosolvetheproblemandheknewthatcholerawouldnotbecontrolled

_____38_____itscausewasfound.Ingeneral,thereweretwocontradictorytheories

____39______explainedhowcholeraspread.Thefirstsuggestedthatbadaircausedthedisease.Thesecondwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfrom_____40_____(germ)infoodorwater.JohnSnowthoughtthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededproof.SowhenanotheroutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,hebegantoinvestigate.Laterwithalltheevidencehe______41____(gather),JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Therefore,hehadthehandleofthepump_____42_____(remove)sothatitcouldn'tbeused.Throughhisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.What'smore,JohnSnowfoundthatsomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthat___43__(pollute)byrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikely_____44_____(get)cholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.ThroughJohnSnow'sefforts,the_____45_____(threaten)ofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.第四部分:寫作第一節(jié)應(yīng)用文寫作(滿分15分)46.

假設(shè)你是李華,與你以前的外籍教師Mrs.Green—直保持聯(lián)系。Mrs.Green得知你校將在下周舉辦科技節(jié),她來信詢問你校該活動(dòng)的安排。請根據(jù)以下提示給她回復(fù)一封郵件。

(1)介紹你?？萍脊?jié)(科技活動(dòng)及其成果展示,如智能機(jī)器人競賽等);

(2)活動(dòng)的意義;

(3)希望她有機(jī)會來你校參加活動(dòng)。注意:(1)詞數(shù)不少于80;

(2)可適當(dāng)加入細(xì)節(jié),使內(nèi)容充實(shí)、行文連貫;

(3)開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯:ScienceandTechnologyFestival科技節(jié)DearMrs.Green,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,讀后續(xù)寫(滿分25分)47.閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫,使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。

Whenshelookedaroundherhouse,BettyMargaretsawlotsofelectronics.Alongwiththeusualthingslikeherlaptopandsmartphone,

therewereallofherkids'electronicdevices:cellphones,videogamedevicesandmore!Thereseemedtobemorethanenoughwaysforherandherthreechildrentobeonlineallday,everyday.

Mrs.MargaretworriedthatherkidswerebecomingtoodependentontheInternetandelectronics.Thenshebegantorereadoneofherfavoritebooks,HenryThoreau'sWalden,whichgaveMrs.Margaretanidea.Thoreauspent2yearsinasimplecabinwithoutrunningsuchluxuriesascomputersandelectronicdevicesforawhile.

Mrs.Margarettalkedwithherkidsandexplainedthatshewantedthefamilytotrylivingfor6monthswithoutInternet,cellphones,TV,andvideogames.Mrs.MargaretwrotearticlesforanewspaperinAustralia,andhadwrittenseveralbooksaswell.Shetoldherchildrenthatiftheyagreed,shewouldwriteabookabouttheirexperienceandtheycouldgoonatripabroadwiththemoneyfromsalesofthebook.Herthreechildrenagreed,and"theexperiment",asMrs.Margaretcalled,began.

Overthecourseoftheexperiment,theMargaretchildrenhaddifferentreactionstolifewithoutelectronics.Beforetheexperimentbegan,Anni,theeldestofthechildren,readbooksmorethanheryoungerbrotherandsister.Shethereforehadarelativelyeasyadjustmenttothefamily'snewlifestyle.Annicouldalsousethelibrary'scomputerforherhomework.Bill,wholovedtoplayvideogamesbeforetheexperimentbegan,hadtofindawaytospendallofhisnewfreetime.Hestartedtospendmoretimepracticinghissaxophone(薩克斯管).Susan,theyoungestchildinthefamily,hadthehardesttimeadjustingtolifewithoutelectronics.Shefeltrestlessforthefirstweeksandlater,influencedbyhereldersister,begantofindinterestinthenovelexperiencesbroughtbyvariousbooks.注意:1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;

2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段,每段的開頭語已為你寫好。Paragraph1:

Uponhavingtheirdailyfamilygatheringafterdinnery,Mrs.Margaret,wearingamysterioussmile,announcedthebignewsthattheyhadcometotheendof"theexperiment".________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:

Thevividdescriptionoftheirtrueandfunnyexperiencetowardthenewlifestyleundeniablycontributedtothepopularityofthebook.________________________________________________________________