小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法名詞

啟明星教育小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第一講一、名詞的概念：表示人，動(dòng)物，地點(diǎn)，物品以及抽象概念的詞。二、名詞的分類(lèi)：（一）普通名詞：普通名詞是一類(lèi)人或一類(lèi)事物的共同名稱(chēng)。普通名詞又可分為個(gè)體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。1.

個(gè)體名詞：表示一類(lèi)人或一類(lèi)事物中的個(gè)體。如：She

is

a

teacher. They

are

all

students.2.

集體名詞：表示若干個(gè)體的人和事物組成的集合體。如：How

many

boys

are

there

in

your

class?類(lèi)似的還有：family,

group,

army,

police

等。3.

want

to

have

some

water(air,milk,

salt,

sugar

等).4.

抽象名詞：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)等抽象概念的名詞。如： I

wish

yousuccess(time,

happiness,

beauty【火眼金睛】給下面的名詞分類(lèi)computer milk water sister sky sadness family class

roomhealth duty luck factory dress rice

wind snow flower time個(gè)體名詞

________________________________集體名詞

_________________________________物質(zhì)名詞

_________________________________抽象名詞

_________________________________（二）專(zhuān)有名詞：專(zhuān)有名詞是具體的人和事物等的特有名稱(chēng)。

人名、地名、國(guó)家、城市、公共節(jié)日及月份、星期幾的名詞等屬于專(zhuān)有名詞。專(zhuān)有名詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě)。如：Jenny

Black

,

March

the

WTO

Asia

亞洲,

Day

the

Republic

of

China

Disneyland迪斯尼,

the

Pearl

River

Sunday

星期日【想一想】你的名字屬于哪一類(lèi)名詞？PK

專(zhuān)有名詞

看誰(shuí)說(shuō)的多??三、名詞的數(shù)（一）可數(shù)名詞：顧名思義是表示可以用來(lái)計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。1. 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。指一個(gè)人或者事物時(shí)用單數(shù)形式，指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：desk-desks,apple-apples.2.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)，前面要用不定冠詞

a（an），表示特指時(shí)，前面要用定冠詞

the. 如：He

is

a

factory

worker.他是一名工人。3.

可數(shù)名詞前可用具體的數(shù)詞來(lái)表示具體的數(shù)量。如：

two

apples,

four

books等。4.可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。如：This

picture

is

very

beautiful.

這幅畫(huà)很美。These

apples

are

mine. 這些蘋(píng)果是我的。5.

對(duì)可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)提問(wèn)用how

many.如：How

many

pears

are

there

in

the

box?

盒子里有多少個(gè)梨子？6.

可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前都可以用

some,any,a

lot

of

,

lots

of

等來(lái)修飾，表示“一些，許多”（二）.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則1.

一般情況下在詞尾加 s. shop

---

shops

2.

以

s,

x,

sh,

ch

結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾加

es。class

---

classes

box

---

boxes

match

---

matches

brush

---

brushes

3.

以“輔音字母

+y”

結(jié)尾的詞，

變

y

為

i

加

es.story

---

stories

4.

以“元音字母

+y”

結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾直接加

skey

---

keys monkey

---

monkeys5.

以一個(gè)

“o”

結(jié)尾的有生命名詞，

，無(wú)生命名詞加“s”,hero--heroes

(英雄）

potato----potatoes

(土豆）tomato

---

tomatoes

紅柿) mango---mangoes

（芒果）口訣：英雄喜歡吃土豆，西紅柿和芒果

（以

O

結(jié)尾加“es”）zoo

---

zoos

photo

---

photos

6.

以

f

或

fe

結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變

f

或

fe

為

ves.leaf

---

leaves

knife

---

knives

(

*（以

f

或

fe

結(jié)尾的單詞，需把

f

或

fe

變

ves

的單詞）口訣：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）嚇得發(fā)了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己（-self）命，半(half)片樹(shù)葉（leaf）遮目光。*（以

f

或

fe

結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加

“s”的單詞）口訣：高爾夫球(golf)。例：

roof

---

roofs

(

golf---golfs

高爾夫球7.

不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化(1）-ren

/-en: child-children ox-oxen(2)

a

變

e: man-men woman-women(3)

oo

變

ee:

foot-feet goose-geese tooth-teeth(4)

面目全非：

mouse-mice child-children8.

名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同型

---

sheep

deer

---

deer（鹿）

fish---

fish（魚(yú)）（兩人）Chinese---Chinese Japanese

---Japanese9.

國(guó)人的變法：中日人民一致地 Chinese---Chinese Japanese

---Japanese英法聯(lián)軍

a

改

e Englishman--Englishmen Frenchman--Frenchmen其它國(guó)人加

s American--Americans Australian--Australians小心提防德國(guó)人 German-Germans10.兩名詞（復(fù)合名詞）復(fù)數(shù)前面不變后面變，特例

woman/manapple

tree

---

apple

trees girl

student

---

girl

studentsman

doctor---men

doctors woman

teacher---women

teachers【即時(shí)演練】把下面名詞的單數(shù)變成復(fù)數(shù)coat _______ skirt _______ dress _______ tomato________house _______

watch _______ car _______ brush _______box _______ toy _______ umbrella

_______ ticket _______classroom _______ teacher _______ son

_______ student

_______job

_______ woman

doctor____________ lemon

tree

_______baby_________ story_________ life__________ glass_________（二）不可數(shù)名詞:顧名思義是不可以直接用來(lái)計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,只有單數(shù)形式。其前不用冠詞

a/an

some,any,a

lotof

,a

little

等修飾。（1）.不可數(shù)名詞包括

抽象名詞（advice,

information,price,happiness等）液體（water,

milk,

tea,coffee,juice

等)氣體（air,smoke,oxygen,wind

）材料（metal,wood,paper,glass

等）

mathematics,

history,chemistry

等）食物，肉類(lèi)

beef,

pork,chicken,meat,bread,rice

，corn,sugar,salt,等

(hair,)【即時(shí)練習(xí)】This

table

is

made

of

_________A.

many

glass B.glasses C.some

glasses D.glass(2)

不可數(shù)名詞前不能用

a

或者

an,可以用

the.常用

some,much,a

little,alot

of

,plenty

of

表示多少(3)不可數(shù)名詞前通常用“單位詞+of”來(lái)表示數(shù)量。如：a

cup

of

一杯... a

bottle

of

一瓶... a

piece

of

一張...a

basket

of

一籃... a

can

of

一罐... a

bag

of

一袋...a

pair

of

shoes

一雙鞋 two

cups

of

tea

兩杯茶 five

pieces

of

paper.（4）

“單位詞”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There

are

two

cups

of

coffee

on

the

table

.There

is

some

milk

in

the

bottle.(5)

兩個(gè)及兩個(gè)以上的并列不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Beef

and

chicken

are

on

the

table.（5）

對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)提問(wèn)用

how

much.【想一想】怎么用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)嗎？一杯咖啡

__________________一段音樂(lè)

—————————五片面包

__________________一則新聞

___________________三條建議

___________________四．名詞所有格（一）定義：意為“......的”，表示所有關(guān)系的形式叫做名詞所有格（二）-’s

所有格多表示有生命的事物的名詞的所有關(guān)系。（1）一般在名詞詞尾加

’s

。如：father's

children’s

computer（2）以

s

或

es

結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格只在名詞后加“

’

”。如：the

teachers'

reading

room.

（3）如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有，則只在后一個(gè)名詞的后面加's。如果不是共有的，則兩個(gè)名詞之后都要加's如：Jane

and

Helen's

room

珍妮和海倫的房間(共有)Bill's

and

Tom's

radios

比爾的收音機(jī)和湯姆的收音機(jī)(不共有)（三）“of

所有格”形式：“of

+

所有格”多用來(lái)表示無(wú)生命的事物所構(gòu)成的所有關(guān)系。a

map

of

China

一張中國(guó)

地圖 the

walls

of

the

city

城墻the

centre

of

the

square

廣場(chǎng)中心【大顯身手】1.

This

is

2.

_________________________(Lucy和

Lily

的父親)

is

a

hotel

manager.3.

They

are

___________________________________(Peter

和

Sam

的老師).4.___________________________(教師節(jié))

is

on

September

10th

.5.

___________________________________(學(xué)生們的桌椅)

are

very

new.6.

We

are

very

happy

on

____________________________________(兒童節(jié)).7.

He

is

in

now.8.

Please

open

9. _____________________________(Alice和Ben

is

big

and

new.10. ___________________________________(Tony哥哥的電腦)

is

broken.11.

Are

these

?12.

That

is

_____________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室).【基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)】一．將下列名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式watch_________strawberry___________policeman___________child_______thief_________ mouse___________wife_______ photo___________student__________knife_________diary________ man

doctor_______Pear

tree________deer___________potato___________ peach____________nurse__________ fish___________ foot_________ zoo________country__________sheep________

day_________ woman

teacher________二．單項(xiàng)選擇( )

1.

_________

mothers

go

to

the

meeting,

because

theyhave

gone

to

Chengdu.A.

Mary's

and

John's B.

Mary's

and

JohnC.

Mary

and

John's D.

Li

Lei

and

Lucy( )

2.

They

come

from

different________A.Country B.countries C.

a

country D.

countrys( )

3.

September

10

is

________.A.

May

Day B.

Day C.

Christmas D.

Thanksgiving

Day( )

4.

There

are

ten

__________

in

our

class.A.

boy

student B.

boys

student C.

boy

students D.

boys

students( )

5.

John

bought

__________

for

himself

yesterday.A.

two

pairs

of

shoes B.

two

pair

of

shoeC.

two

pair

of

shoes D.

two

pairs

shoe( )

6.

Would

you

like

________,please?A.two

glass

of

water B.

two

glasses

of

waterC.two

glass

of

waters D.

two

glasses

of

waters( )

7.

Kate

has

three

_________.A.

knife B.

knifes C.

knivs D.

knives( )

8.

The______

has

two_______A.

boys

,watches B.

boy,watch C.

boy,watches D.

boys,watches( )

9.

________

turn

yellow

in

autumn.A.

Leaf B.

Leaves C.

Leave D.

Leafs( )

10.

I

met

two

_________

in

the

street

yesterday

morning.A.

German B.

Australian C.

American D.

Japanese( )

11.

Rose

is

an_______

but

she

is

in

______

right

now.A.

Japan

girl;

American B.

English

woman;

JapaneseC.

English

girl;

Japan D.

America;

England( )

12.

-----

Whose

ruler

is

it?-----

Maybe

________.A.

Peter B.

Peters C.

D.

( )

13.

There

__________

a

pair

of

shoes.

Whose

shoes

_________

those?A.

are,

are B.

is,

are C.

is,

is D.

are,

is( )

14.

There

are

twenty

________

in

our

school.A.

women

teachers B.

woman

teachers C.

women

teachers D.

womenteachers( )

15.

Please

give

me

_________

paper.A.

one B.

a

piece C.

a D.

a

piece

of三．按照例子，根據(jù)中文意思，寫(xiě)出英文1.一杯水______________________ 2.

兩袋米______________2.

三碗水______________________ 4.

一片面包_______________5.

六張紙______________________ 6.

一箱蘋(píng)果________________6.

兩雙鞋________________________ 四．判斷下列句子中名詞數(shù)的變化是否正確，正確的寫(xiě)“T”，錯(cuò)誤的寫(xiě)“F”，然后在錯(cuò)誤的名詞下面畫(huà)橫線，并在后面的橫線上寫(xiě)出正確的形式：1.

These

are

new

toys. __________________2.

Look

at

the

deers.

They

are

cute. _________________3.

in

the

basket？

There

are

some

tomatos

in

it._____________4.

How

many

monthes

are

there

in

a

year? _________________5.

Here

are

my

toy

buses. _________________6.

Can

you

see

any

foxes

in

the

cage? __________________7.

some

moneys

for

you. __________________8.

Tigers

like

meats. __________________9.Do

you

like

sandwichs? _________________10.

There

are

many

mouses

in

the

hole. _________________五．用所給單詞的正確形式填空：1.

How

many

___________________(sheep)

are

there

on

the

hill?2.

There

is

some

_______________(food)

in

the

basket.3.

The

baby

has

only

two

__________________(tooth)

now.4.

There

is

a

lot

of

_________________(water)

in

the

bottle.5.

There

are

five

___________________(people

)

in

his

family.6.

Let's

take

__________________(photo),

OK?7.

I

have

lots

of

____________________(tomato)

here.8.

The

____________________(leaf)

on

the

tree

turn

yellow.9.

Their

_________________________(dictionary)

look

new.11.

There

are

many

__________________(fox)

in

the

picture.12.

Different

people

may

have

different

_________________(idea).13.

Would

you

like

some

____________________(tomato)?14.

Jim

has

some

__________________(knife).15.

The

girl

under

the

tree

is

a

friend

of

______________(Lucy).16.

My

little

brother

has

got

two

__________________(watch).

One______________

is

old,

the

other

is

new.17.

This

is

my

________________(teacher)

office.

There

are

seven___