文化詞與文化含義詞

Chapter18文化詞與文化含義詞1文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第1頁!文化詞（CulturalWords）

PeterNewmarkcallsthem‘EmptyWords’Theword(phrase)thatcarriesthemeaningofaculturaltraitparticulartoacertainsocio-culturalmunity,thatis,whosereferentisauniquethingorconception,andthereforethathasnocorrespondingequivalentinothermunities,whenitisusedincross-culturalmunication,iscalledwordofculturaluniquenessorculturalword.2文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第2頁!CulturalWords–5Types1.Ecologicaleg.selva,igloo,sirocoo,三伏,三九2.Materialeg.swallowtail,馬褂,ravioli,包子,粽子3.Socio-culturaleg.snooker,cricket,teleathon,LordChancellor,大鍋飯,民工,家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制

4.Religiouseg.cathedral,abbey,陰陽,庵,老天

5.Gesticulareg.叩頭,作揖,單腿跪拜3文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第3頁!CulturallyLoadedWords–3Types1.Culturallyloadedwords(phrases)duetodifferentclassification（切分和歸類不同）eg.Familymembers1)sex2)generation3)degreeoflineality(directorindirect)eg.Colourseg.Cookingmethods4文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第4頁!CulturallyLoadedWords–3Types3.Culturallyloadedwords(phrases)duetodifferentculturalnorms（語用規(guī)范不同）“Culturalmeaningsareexpressedinthecognitivestructuresaswellasnormsofbehaviourpeopleutilizewhenusinglanguage.”(KachruYamuna)eg.YesorNoeg.Youdon’tsay./Youarenot…eg.Nowyouaretalking…eg.Oh,youshouldn't’thave…5文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第5頁!TranslatingCulturallyLoadedWords1.Culturallyloadedwords(phrases)duetodifferentclassification（切分和歸類不同）1)borrowing（借用）

eg.sake,kaoliang,cigar2)substitution（替代）eg.‘temple’for寺，廟，庵，觀3)paraphrasing（釋義）親家，妯娌，連襟6文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第6頁!TranslatingCulturallyLoadedWords3.Culturallyloadedwords(phrases)duetodifferentculturalnorms（語用規(guī)范不同）substitution（替代）eg.吃了嗎？/上哪兒去？

eg.Howareyou?/Howdoyoudo?eg.司馬昭之心，路人皆知

Si-Ma-Zhao’sheart?notorious?asplainasthenoseonface?anopensecret?7文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第7頁!ExamplesAnalysis處理國與國關(guān)系的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該尊重現(xiàn)實(shí)。Whendealingwithinter-staterelations,weshouldfacereality.8文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第8頁!ExamplesAnalysis今天，亞洲和歐洲的國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人聚集一堂，以平等友好的態(tài)度，就廣泛領(lǐng)域的合作交換意見。Today,leadersofAsianandEuropeancountriesgatherheretoexchangeviewsoncooperationinawiderangeofareasonanequalfootingandinafriendlymanner.9文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第9頁!ExamplesAnalysis我們?cè)谫F國度過了內(nèi)容豐富和有意義的六天時(shí)間。Oursix-daystayinyourcountryhasbeenpleasant,substantialandinteresting.10文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第10頁!ExamplesAnalysis最近，在南海問題上出現(xiàn)一些新的情況，我想借此機(jī)會(huì)與您交換意見。Recently,somenewplicationshaveoccurredontheSouthChinaSea.Iwishtotakethisopportunitytoexchangeviewswithyou.11文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第11頁!ExamplesAnalysis在這個(gè)問題上，我們已經(jīng)統(tǒng)一了思想。Asforthisissue,wehavealreadyreachedconsensus/achievemonunderstanding.12文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第12頁!ExamplesAnalysis一次分配講效益，二次分配講公平。Stressisputonefficiencyinthefirstdistributionofine,andonequalityintheseconddistributionofine.講大話，講空話都不行。Neitherbraggingnoremptytalkwilldo.講信義是我們民族的傳統(tǒng)。ActingingoodfaithisaChinesetradition.13文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第13頁!ExamplesAnalysis國民經(jīng)濟(jì)市場(chǎng)化、社會(huì)化程度明顯提高。Markethasnoticeablyassumedgreaterimportanceinournationaleconomyandmoreandmoresocialserviceshavebeenmadeavailable.美化環(huán)境Tobeautifytheenvironment干部隊(duì)伍的年輕化、知識(shí)化、專業(yè)化。Tomakeourrankofleadersyounger,bettereducatedandmorepetentprofessionally.14文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第14頁!ExamplesAnalysis南北朝的祖沖之計(jì)算出圓周率為3.1415926。IntheNorthernandSouthernDynastiesinthe4thcenturyAD,China’smathematicianZuChongzhicalculatedπ(theratioofthecircumferenceofacircletoitsdiameter)tobe3.1415926.15文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第15頁!ExamplesAnalysis張騫出使西域，開拓舉世聞名的“絲綢之路”。ImperialenvoyZhangQian’striptotheWestintheHanDynasty(206BC–220AD)over2,000yearsagoopeneduptheworld-famousSilkRoad.16文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第16頁!文化含義詞（CulturallyLoadedWord/Phrases）Theword(phrase)whosereferentisnotauniquethingorconceptioninoneculture,butdoesnotoverlapwiththatinanotherculture,andthereforethathasnocorrespondingequivalentinothermunities,whenitisusedincross-culturalmunication,iscalledculturallyloadedword.17文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第17頁!CulturallyLoadedWords–3Types2.Culturallyloadedwords(phrases)duetodifferentassociation（聯(lián)想不同）eg.Redeg.Magpieeg.Summereg.Westwind18文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第18頁!TranslatingCulturalWords1.Fullborrowing（全式借用）eg.garage,reservoir,spaghetti,plaza2.Semi-borrowing（半式借用）eg.rade(arada),cartoon(cartone)3.Transliteration（音譯）eg.kowtow,fengshui,dimsum4.Semi-transliteration（半音譯）eg.teahouse,tongoil,taoism5.Loantranslation（仿譯）eg.蜜月，藍(lán)領(lǐng)，超人，loseface,papertiger19文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第19頁!TranslatingCulturallyLoadedWords2.Culturallyloadedwords(phrases)duetodifferentassociation（聯(lián)想不同）1)loantranslation（仿譯）eg.黑名單，瓶頸，連鎖反應(yīng)2)substitution（替代）

eg.藍(lán)眼睛,紅眼病,green-eyed3)paraphrasing（釋義）

eg.九曲十八彎，走桃花運(yùn)，tongue-in-cheek20文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第20頁!Exercise:TryTranslatingThem尊重，干部，態(tài)度，國家，意義，關(guān)心，情況，宣傳，統(tǒng)一，傳統(tǒng)講，搞，化個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)，社會(huì)主義精神文明，亂收費(fèi)，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)小康，街道婦女，三高農(nóng)業(yè)21文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第21頁!ExamplesAnalysis國有企業(yè)的主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部應(yīng)該堅(jiān)決抵制和反對(duì)腐敗。Leadingmanagerialstaffofstate-ownedenterprisesshouldresolutelyresistandopposecorruption.22文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第22頁!ExamplesAnalysis互相尊重國家主權(quán)，是開展國際合作的重要前提。Mutualrespectforstatesovereigntyisanimportantprerequisiteforcarryingoutinternationalcooperation.23文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第23頁!ExamplesAnalysis我們希望一切關(guān)心中東地區(qū)穩(wěn)定的國家多做有利于解決爭(zhēng)端的工作。WehopethatallcountriesthatcareaboutthestabilityoftheMiddleEastwilldomoretohelpresolvethedisputes.24文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第24頁!ExamplesAnalysis在對(duì)內(nèi)努力推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)該大力加強(qiáng)對(duì)外宣傳。Whiledoingagoodjobinadvancingsocialandeconomicdevelopment,weshouldalsomakegreateffortstoenhancepromotion/publicitytotheoutsideworld.25文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第25頁!ExamplesAnalysis雙方應(yīng)保證兩國公民在邊境地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活正常進(jìn)行。Thetwosidesshouldensuretheircitizensintheborderareaanormaleconomiclifeastheyusedtolead.26文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第26頁!ExamplesAnalysis我們說話算數(shù)，不搞小動(dòng)作。Wemeanwhatwesay.Wedonotplayprettytricks/games.他到北京工作了兩個(gè)月，搞得很好。HeworkedinBeijingfortwomonthsanddidagoodjobthere.我們必須一心一意搞建設(shè)。Wemustconcentrateoneconomicdevelopment.搞經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)作區(qū)，這個(gè)路子是對(duì)的。Itistherightthingtoestablisheconomiccooperationbetweendevelopedandlessdevelopedareas.27文化詞與文化含義詞共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第27頁!ExamplesAnalysis個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)self-employment,familybusiness社會(huì)主義精神文明socialistcivilizationwithhighculturallevelandmoralstandards亂收費(fèi)arbitrarycharges基本實(shí)現(xiàn)小康buildamoderatelywell-offsociety街道婦女housewivesworkingintheneighbourhood三高農(nóng)業(yè)high