4月外刊經(jīng)貿(mào)知識(shí)選讀自考試題

PAGE12PAGE1220114月外刊經(jīng)貿(mào)知識(shí)選讀自考試題20114月自考課程代碼:00096（15230分在每小題列出的四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中只有一個(gè)可以替代句中劃線的單詞或詞組，請(qǐng)將其代碼填寫在題后的括號(hào)內(nèi)。錯(cuò)選、多選或未選均無(wú)分。Theauthoritiesarewillingtopermitarun-downinthecountry’sinternationalreservesoverthenextfewyearsasmeansofacceleratingtheintroductionofforeigntechnology.()A.speedingupB.speedingonC.speedingoffD.speedingdownAnother20%workedwell,buttheremaining60%shouldhavebeenscrapped.()scratchedB.renovatedC.stimulatedD.introducedNowZhangjiagangisChina’sseventhlargestportandatumultuousconstructionzoneofhalf-builtofficebuildingsandhotels.()A.tremendousB.numerousC.noisyD.orderlyAgainstthisdeterioratingglobalbackground,theimprovementineconomicperformanceinafewdevelopingregionsin1991wasespeciallynoteworthy.()A.determinatingB.toleratingC.improvingD.worseningBalancedagainstthatcriticismisthepositivereactioninLatinAmericatoMr.Clinton’sembraceofthefree-tradeagreement.()hugB.embarrassmentC.acceptanceD.balanceAsEurope’seconomyhassoured,free-marketideasthatarenewtomuchofEuropefacenewchallenges.()increasedB.declinedC.sky-rocketedD.tastedAtthesummitmeeting,America insistedthatJapanshouldcomeupwithspecificmeasuresthatwouldenableittomeetnewimporttargets.()bringforthB.comeacrossC.putoffD.reachoutFearfulthatrapidlymodernizingKoreanrivalswillintrudeonitsforeignanddomesticmarkets,JapanhasfoughttokeeptheKoreansfromappropriatingitstechnologies.()competitorsB.representativesC.negotiatorsD.dealersInternational consultants who want to secure projectsatlucrativefeesarefindingitharderandharder.()A.luxuriousB.lubricativeC.penetrativeD.profitableAseparate,long-runningdisputeoveroilseedsdoesstillposeathreat.()A.possessB.presentC.provideD.purchaseWith barter,however,debtor nations can continue importgoodswhile,ineffect,concealingexportearningsfromcreditors.()A.loanersB.borrowersC.ownersD.believersHowever,Coca-ColaandPepsiCostillfaceastruggleinpersuadingbottlersacrossthenationtotaketheproducts.()A.dissuadingB.persistingC.encouragingD.discouragingTractorsandotheragriculturalmachinesgreatlyfacilitatefarming.()A.communicateB.subsidizeC.gradeD.easeYoucanusecreditcardsbutit’sbesttotakesomecurrencyaswell.()A.couponB.moneyC.coinD.dimeLeadvaluesmoveduptotheirbestlevelsinceAprillastyearintheabsenceofasettlementatAustralia’sbrokenhilllead-zinc-silvermines.()A.withoutB.withC.asD.through（101分，10分）exclusivecontractpreferredstatusspotmarketBankforInternationalSettlementsmeansofproductionpunitiveimporttariffGDPtradereprisalfledglingindustriescountervailingduty（10110分）雙邊條約試銷市場(chǎng)原材料收盤價(jià)最惠國(guó)待遇技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓高工資經(jīng)濟(jì)人均收入經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)自由貿(mào)易區(qū)四、簡(jiǎn)答題（本大題共6小題，共18分）Passage1TheUSdollarvalueofChineseexportsincreasedatanaveragerateofalmost18percentperannumbetween1978and1983,whileimportsincreasedbyapproximately11percentperannum.Asaresult,thevisibletradesurplusrosesharplyfromUS$1.4billionin1981toUS$4.4billionin1982andUS$3.7billionin1983.Exportsgrewmuch fasterthanimportsduringthisperiodnotonlybecauseofthestrongemphasisplacedonexportingbyChina’seconomicplanners,butalsobecauseanumberofindustrialprojectswerepostponedin1979.OfficialrecognitionthatforeigntechnologycouldplayamajorroleinmodernisingtheChineseeconomy hadcausedimportstorisebymorethan50percentin1978placingunduestrainonthenationaleconomy.Grainimportshavefallensharplyoverthepast few years—China became a net grain exporter 1984—andin1983thecountrystartedtoexportsoyabeansandcotton.Whatdo“perannum”and“approximately”mean?Whydidthemorethan50%riseinimportsof1978placeunduestrainonChina’snationalWhatis“anetgrainexporter”?Doesitmeanonewhohasneverdoneanyimport?Passage2Korea,onceknownasthe“HermitKingdom”,isplainlyonthemove.Aswith“Japan,Inc.”beforeit,thenewlabel“Korea,Inc.”maybenomorethanatrendybuzzword.ButSouthKoreaaimstoforgejustsuchanationaleconomicmachine,usingthemightofitsestablishedgiantsbackedbycentralizedplannerswhocanmobilizethecountry’sbanksand industrialinfrastructure.TheheadydreamsofactuallyrivalingJapanmaynevercomewithinreach;Korea’seconomy,whilelargebyAsianstandards,isbarelyone-fifteenththesizeofitsislandneighbor.Anditfacesa gantlet of other obstacles, ranging from an unwieldybureaucracy and a volatile political climate to a shortageofinvestmentcapitalandheavycommitmentstomilitaryspending.Still,thecomparisonswithJapan,Inc.aremorethanemptyflattery;infact,theysignalKorea’sgatheringclout.Whatisa“HermitKingdom”?WhatarethedisadvantagesofKorea’seconomywhencomparedwithJapan’s?Whatdoes“gatheringclout”meaninthepassage?（10220分）Passage1Inordertoproducegoodsandservices,businessesneedtobuytherequiredrawmaterialsandequipment.Manyfirmsneedtoordercomponentsorequipmenttotheirownspecificationswhichwilllaterbeusedtoproduceafinishedproduct.Firmsneedreliablesupplierswhomustbe:Stable.Firmsthatcannotsupplygoodsintimetothepurchasingcompanymaymeandelaysandholdupsforcustomers.Thusthepurchasingcompanyshouldcheckthefinancialbackgroundofitssuppliers.Able.Thepurchasingcompanymustinvestigatewhetherpotentialsuppliersareabletomakethegoodsrequired.Thismaymeanlookingatthefirm’sequipmentandstaffexpertiseifalargeorimportantorderisbeingconsidered.Somepurchasingdepartmentsmayaskforevidenceofthefirmhavingdonesimilarworkforotherorganizationsbeforeplacinganorder.Tradedirectoriesandspecialistmagazinesareausefulstartingpointinthisresearch.Clear.Whatisrequiredwillusuallybemadeclearinaspecification.Thespecificationor“spec”willgivetheexacttechnicaldetailsofwhatisneededintermsofsize,shape,colorandperformanceoftheitemstobepurchased.Thesupplyingfirmmustthenmeetthisspecificationexactly.Animportantproblemallpurchasingcompanieshavetodealwithiswhethertouseoneortwoorseveralsuppliers.Byusingseveralsuppliersitisarguedthatcompetitionbetweenthemwillforcepricesdown.Anddelaysordisruptionatonesupplierwill not affecttoomuch. Arguments againstthis arethatresearchingvarioussuppliersistime-consumingandexpensive,and low prices might mean reduced quality. Using suppliersforlargerorderscanmeanthatthepurchaserreceivesgreaterattentionanddiscountforbulkpurchases.Thesupplierswillbemoreinvolvedinthefirm’sbusiness,too.Being“stable”meansstickingtothesamesupplierwithreliablefinancialbackground.()Supplyingfirmswithrichexperience,goodequipmentandstaffexpertisecanonlybefoundinspecialistmagazines.()A“clear”supplyingfirmmustinitiallygivethepurchaseritsspecificationsclearlyandinexacttechnicaldetail.()Havingmorethanonesuppliermightbringlowerpricebutsearchingforthemmightbetime-consuming.()Accordingtothepassage,thereexistdifferentopinionswhetherornotapurchasingcompanyshouldusemoreorfewersuppliersforlargeorders.()Passage2Donegalislocatedinthewindsweptwilderness.ItmightseemanoddplacetofindoneofEurope’smostdynamiccompanies.Butasmallassemblyunitmakingamuscularstimulationproduct for leisure and healthcare is blazing a trail. BMRTeoranta—thecompanytitleinIrish—hasquietlyestablishedamarketforitself,makingproductsformusculartherapyandbodytoningusingthebrandnameSlendertonewhichitboughtin1989.Mr.KevinMcDonnell,thechairman,chiefexecutiveandownerof95percentofthecompany,isalittlevagueaboutthesourceofhissuccess.Partofit,hesays,mustbethestrongworkethicinthearea.HepointsoutthathalfhisemployeesarefromGalswegianfamilieswiththeirScottishattitudesofthriftandindustry.Mr.McDonnellboughtthecompanyfor$300,000andBMRsalesarenowgrowingataround50-60percentayear.Themedicalproductsbusiness,wheregrowthislessdramatic,but margins are attractive, is seen as the source of company’sfutureearnings.IntheUSalone,themarketformuscularstimulationproductshasjumpedfrom$88mtomorethan$200mthisyear.ManyBMRproductsarenotavailableoverthecounterbutthrough catalogues. The company is looking at advertisingonvideoshoppingchannels.IntheUScompanieslikeBMRareprohibitedfromsellingmedicalproductsoverthecounter.InEuropethissituationisslightlydifferent.BMR,forexample,isstartingtosellitsconsumerrangeinCarrefoursuperstoresinFranceanditsrangeisavailableinpharmacies.However,underaEuropeanUnionrulingsimilartoUSlaws,companiesthatsellsuchproductswillhavetoreequiptheirfactoriestomeetnewhealthstandards.“Iknowitsoundsabitsmart,butourproductshavealwaysbeenseenasindustrystandard,”saysMr.KevinMcDonnell.Thecompany