古典家具中文術語和英文解釋

7/7古典家具中文術語和英文解釋古典家具中文術語和英文解釋

矮老:Pillar-shapedstrut.

矮面盆架:Washbasinstand.

矮桌展腿式:Lowtablewithextendedlegs.Lowwaistedtable

whichistransformedintoahightablebyaddingroundextensions

tothesquarelegs.

案:Recessed-legtable.

暗抽屜:Hiddendrawers,openedbyraisingfromunderneath

ratherthanwithapull.

凹面:Concavemoulding

拔步床:Alcove[5AlkEJv]bedstead.

百寶嵌:One-hundred-precious-materialinlay.

半槽地:Half-and-halfrelief.Themostcommontypeofreliefcarvingwithreliefandgroundoccupyingaboutthesameamountofspace.

半桌:Halftable,slightlylargerthanhalfaneightImmortals[9ImR:`tel]table.

抱鼓:Embracingdrums.Thedrum-shapedelementsatthetopofashoe-footusedtoholdthespandrelsofscreens,

clothesracksandlampstandsinposition.

抱肩榫:Embracing-shouldertenon.Amitredjointusedinwaistedfurnitureofthecorner-legconstruc-tiontoattachthelegandapron.Aconcealed

triangular-shapedtenonintheapronfitsintoa

mortiseintheleg.Simultaneouslya

concealedlongandverticaldovetailedtenonslidesintoamortiseintheapron.

寶塔紋:Pagodapattern.TermusedinSuzhoutodescribethenaturalgrainofbeech.

包鑲:Completeveneer,ahardwoodveneercoveringtheentirepieceoffurniture.

寶座:Throne,foremperororgod.

寶座式鏡臺:Throne-typemirrorplatform.

霸王棖:Giant\'sarmbrace,extendingfromthelegtotheundersideofthetabletopata45°angle.

八仙桌:EightImmortalstable.Squaretablesuitableforseatingeightpeople.

邊簧:Tongue,onfoursidesofthefloatingpanelofatabletop.

邊框:Frame.

邊抹:Squareorrectangularframe,consistingoftwosideswithtenonsandtwosideswithmortises(.榫眼matou).

鰾膠:Fishglue,thebestcabinetmaker\'sgluemadefromtheairbladderoftheyellowcroakerfish.冰盤沿:Ice-plateedge.Generaltermforallinward-slopingmouldings.

波紋:Wavelattice.TermfoundinYuanye(TheArtoftheGarden)andalsousedforfurniture.

步步高趕棖:Steppedchairstretchers.Chairstretcherswhicharearrangedwiththefrontonelowest,thesideoneshigher,andthebackonehighest,sothatthejointsdonotoverlap.

踩:Loweringthesurfaceofthewood.Generaltermpopularamongcraftsmen.

草龍:Curlinglimbeddragon.Stylizeddragonpatterninwhichthelegsandtailturnintocurls,derivedfromthecurlingtendrildesign.

側腳:Splayedlegs.Termborrowedfromancientarchitecture(whereitdescribesthesplayofpillarsatthebase)todescribetheslightsplayoffurniturelegsattheirbase.

茶幾:Teatable.HightablederivedfromtheMingincensetableandpopularinQingtimes.

插肩榫:Insertedshoulderjoint.Oneoftheessentialjointsoftherecessed-legconstruction.Theupperpartofthelegissplittoformtwotenonedpieces;thefrontoneismadeshoulder-likesothatitcanbeinsertedintocavitiesintheapron.Whenthejointisinplacethesurfacesoflegandapronareflush.

鏟地浮雕:Reliefcarvingonsmoothedground.

長凳:Longbench,generalterm.

長方凳:Rectangularstool.

纏枝蓮紋:Scrollinglotusdesign.

朝衣柜:Courtcostumecabinet.Compoundwardrobeinfourpartswithsidepanels.Akindofsijianguiwithpanelsbetweenthedoorsandouterframeswhichmakethewardrobewideenoughforcourtcostumestobeplacedinsidewithoutbeingfolded.

插屏式座屏風:Removable-panelscreensetinastand,thepanelhavingtongueswhichcanbeslidinandoutofgroovesintheverticalpillars.

棖子:Stretcher.Memberusedmainlytoconnecttwolegs.

螭虎鬧靈芝:Hornlessdragonsinter-twinedwithIingzhifungus.

螭紋:Stylizedhornlessdragondesign.

抽屜架:Drawerframe,putinsideacabinetorshelftoholdthedrawers.

抽屜臉:Frontofadrawer.

抽屜桌:Narrowtablewithdrawers.

櫥:Cabinet,southerntermforgui,whichismorecurrentinthenorth.

穿帶:Penetratingtransversebrace,whichfitsintoagrooveinthefloatingpanel.

床:Bed,whichinChinaisusedfordaytimesittingaswellassleeping.Generaltermforbothlargeandsmallbeds.

床圍子:RailingonLuohanandcanopybed.

床衣鏡:Full-lengthmirror,atypederivedfromascreensetintoabasewhichbecamepopularduringheQingdynasty.

春凳:Largebench.InsouthChinathetermreferstoabenchfortwoormorepeople.Northernersusethistermonlyforabenchformorethantwopeople.

攢:Tojoin.

攢斗:Latticework.Literallyjoiningthestraightandassemblingthecurved,twomethodsofmakinglattice.Generaltermwhichisacontractionofcuanjieanddoucu.

攢牙子:Apronorapronandspandrelmadebyjoiningthestraight.

攢邊打槽裝板:Assemblingamortised-and-tenonedframewithfloatingpanel.Thisisdonebyfirstmakingagrooveallaroundtheinneredgeoftheframeandtheninsertingthetongueofthepanel.

攢邊裝板圍子:RailingofaLuohanbedconsistingofframeswithinsetpanels.

攢接:Joiningthestraight.Termusedforthemethodofmakingalatticefromshortstraightpiecesofwood,placedvertically,horizontally,andsometimesdiagonally,andmortisedandtenonedtogether.Theresultinglatticemayhavesquareorroundedcorners.

攢接圍子:Bedrailingmadebyjoiningthestraight.

搭板書案:Boardandstanddesk,consistingofatoprestingontwoseparatestandswithdrawerswhichoriginallywerenotintendedtobeusedapartfromthetable.

大邊:Tenon-bearingframemember.Iftheframeisrectangularthetermreferstothetwolongpieceswithtenons;ifsquare,itindicatesthetwotenon-bearingmembers;ifround,eachpieceis

calledadabian.

大方扛箱:Largesquareboxcarriedonapole.TermusedinLuBanjing(LuBan\'sClassic)foralargepicnicbox.

帶:Transversebrace,whichalwaysconnectsthetenon-bearingframemembers.Generaltermwhichincludesthepenetratingtransversebraceandthecurvedtransversebrace.

帶口:Dovetailedgrooveforthepenetratingtrans-versebraceonthebackofafloatingpanel.

大理石:Marble,andinparticularDalimarble,fromMountDiancang

點蒼intheDaliDistrictofYunnanProvince.

搭腦:Toprail.Highestrailonthebackofachair.Thetermalsoreferstothehighesthorizontalmemberofanyframe,suchasaclothesrackortowelrack.

擋板:Insetpanelonarecessed-legtablewithsidepanels.Itusuallyhasopenworkcarvingfinishedonbothsidesandsitsonasidefloorstretcherorbasestretchers.

倒棱:Roundingtheedges.Proceduredonetosoftenthesharpedgesofamember.

打洼:Concavemoulding;alsocalledaomianorwamian.

大葉榆:Largeleafelm,akindofjuwood;alsocalledjuyu.

凳:Stool.Alsowudeng.

燈草線:Beading,aroundedmoulding.

Dengcao燈草:arerushesusedaslampwicks.

燈掛椅:Lamp-hangerchair.SidechairwkhahighnarrowbacicresemblingthebamboolamphangerscommonlyusedinsouthChina.

雕刻:Carving.

吊牌:Metalpull.

吊頭:Protrudingend.Thepartofthetopofrecessed-legtablewhichextendsbeyondthelegtowardsthesides.

地棖:Loweststretcheronacabinet.

頂箱:Upperpartofacompoundwardrobeinfourparts.

頂箱立柜:Compoundwardrobeinfourparts,consistingoftwolowercabinetsandtwouppercabinets;alsocalledsijiangui.

地平:Platform.Largelowwoodenplatform,usuallysquare,placedinaroomtoholdfurniture.Whenusedforanalcovebeditisslightlylargerthanthebed.Verylargeonesareforascreenand

throne.

斗:Assemblyofmorethantwomembers.

斗柏楠:Burlofnanwood;alsotoubainan,thetermusedinGeguyaolun(TheEssentialCriteriaofAntiquities).

斗簇:Assemblingthecurved,atermforthemethodofmakingalatticeunitfromlargeorsmallcurvedpiecesofwoodjoinedtogetherbyloosetenons.

斗簇圍子:Luohanbedrailinglatticemadebyassemblingthecurved;orLuohanbedrailinglatticemadebyassemblingthecurvedtogetherwithjoiningthestraight.

斗拱式:Bracketmodel,atypeofspandrelinspiredbyarchitecturalmembers.

斷紋:Crackpatterns,thefortuitousdesignsformedofsmallcracksonthesurfaceofagedlacquer.獨板面:Solidboardtop,foundmostoftenonnarrowrectangulartableswithrecessedlegs,trestletables,andbencheswhosetopisnotmadewithaframe.

獨板圍子:Solidboardrailing.

都承盤或都丞盤或都盛盤或都珍盤:Desktrayordesktreasuretray,forholdingthetreasures(theparaphernaliausedincalligraphyandpainting)onascholar\'sdesk.

墩子:Shoe-foot.Horizontal,usuallybridge-shaped,pieceofwoodsupportingaverticalmemberofascreen,clothesrackorlampstand.Ittendstobelargeandincludestheembracingdrum.

垛邊:Frame-thickeninginserts.Separatepiecesofwoodadded,mainlyforaestheticreasons,beneaththefoursidesofaframeofatabletopinordertoincreaseitsheight.Theyarecommonlyfoundontablesandstools,oftenonthetypewithleg-encirclingstretcher,orwiththreespandrelstooneleg,andahumpbackedstretcher.Theinsertsarelessdeepthantheframemembersandthusgivetheillusionofathickframewithouthavingitsweight.

朵云雙螭紋:Cloudsurroundedbyconfrontingdragonsmotif.

鵝脖:Gooseneckfrontposts.Curvedpostsofanarmchairwhichareoftenmadefromthesamepieceofwoodasthefrontlegs.

二人凳:Two-seaterbench.

方凳:Squarestool.

方角柜:Square-cornercabinet.Usuallyametalhingedcabinetwithverylittleornosplay,andinwhicheachofthefourcornersformsarightangle.

方桌:Squaretable.Termreferstotablesofvarioussizes.

風車式:Windmilllattice.PatternedontheshapeofthewindmillmotifusedinChinesepapertoys.

分心花:Dividing-the-heartmotif,thecuspinthemiddleofanapron.

浮雕:Reliefcarving.

浮雕透雕結合:Reliefandopenworkcarving.Termusedwhenbothtypesofdecorationoccurinasinglepiece.

扶手:Armsofachair.

扶手椅:Armchair.

蓋面:Convexsurfaceormoulding.TermusedinYingzaofashi(BuildingStandards)andbycabinetmakerstoday;alsocalledhunmianandtumian.

趕棖:Changingthelevelofstretchers,inordertospreadoutthemortises.Thetermusuallyreferstothelowerstretchersofchairs.

甘蔗床:Sugar-canesqueezer.

高拱羅鍋棖:Highhumpbackedstretcher.Stretcherwhichoftenappearsonthetypeoftablewiththreespandrelstoonelegandonrectangulartableswithrecessedlegs.

高面盆架:Washbasinstandwithtowelrack.Thetwobacklegsareextendedtoformthetowelrack.

高束腰:Highwaist.OnsomeexamplestheinfluenceofaBuddhistpedestalisstilldiscernible.

高桌:Hightable.

格肩:Mitre;singleordouble.

格肩榫:Double-mitredtenon.

供案:Recessed-legaltartable.

供桌:Corner-legaltartable.

勾掛墊榫:Hook-and-plugtenonjoint,usedtoattachagiant\'sarmbracetotheleg.Theslightlyhookedtenonissecuredinthemortisebyasmallblockofwoodplacedbeneathit.

瓜棱線:Melon-shapedmoulding,aridge-shapedmouldingusedonlegs.(Whenthelegisseeninsection,itresemblesthesectionofaflutedmelon.)Itisoftenfoundonwaistlesssquaretablesandround-cornercabinets.Alsocalled甜瓜棱.

管腳棖:Basestretcher,abarplacedjustabovethefeetofapieceoffurnituretoholdthelegsinposition.

官帽椅:Official\'shatarmchair.Termincludestheofficial\'shatarmchairwithfourprotrudingendsandthesouthernofficial\'shatarmchair.Seealsonanguanmaoyi.

官皮箱:Dressingcase,usuallyhavingabasewithdrawers,whichareoftenbehinddoors,andatopconsistingofaliddedtray.

掛銷:Hangertenon.Dovetail-shapedtenononthetopofalegonwhichtohangtheapron,usuallyaslongastheapron.

掛牙:Hangingspandrel.Spandrelwhoselengthisgreaterthanitswidth,andwhichnarrowstowardsitsloweredge.

掛檐:Canopylattice,aroundthetopofacanopybed.

鼓釘:Bosses,thenailmotifsonadrumstool.

鼓墩:Drumstool;alsocalledzuodun.

柜:Cabinet,northerntermforchu,whichismorecurrentinthesouth.

柜幫:Sideofacabinet.Craftsmen\'sterm.

柜帽:Cabinet\'scap,thetopofaround-cornercabinetwhichprotrudesbeyondthesidepoststoallowforthewoodhingedconstructionandwhichusuallyhasroundededges.

鬼面:Devil\'sface.TermusedinGeguyaolun(TheEssentialCriteriaofAntiquities)todescribeaparticularformationinthegrainofhuanghualiwood.

柜塞:One-drawercoffer,literallytheplugbetweentwocabinets,becausethecofferisoftenplacedbetweenapairofcabinetsorcompoundwardrobesinfourparts.

柜膛:Riddencompartment,occupyingthespacebelowthedoorandabovethebottomboardofacabinet.

滾凳:Rollerstool.Stoolwithmovablerollers,usedtoexercisethefeet.

裹腿棖:Leg-encirclingstretcher.