詞的意義和成分分析課件

Chapter5WordmeaningandComponentialanalysisChapter51>Objectives:Discussmeaningsof'meaningExplaintypesofmeaningTeachingfocus:°Meaningsofmeaning;Motivationofmeaning:°TypesofmeaningComponentsofwordmeaning.>Objectives:25.1Wordmeaning1.WhatiswordmeaningWordmeaningcanbedefinedasareciprocalrelationbetweennameandmeaning意義是名稱與意思的聯(lián)系。Meaningiswhattheformstandsfor.Eg:desk:somethingyousitatandyoudoyourWO5.1Wordmeaning32.Whatisreference所指關(guān)系Itistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandtheworld所指是語言與客觀外界之間的相互關(guān)系。Bymeansofreference,aspeakerindicateswhichtalkedabout通過這種相互關(guān)系,說話人指稱外界的事物或人Itistherelationshipbetweenwordsandthethingsactions,events,andqualitiestheystandfor.Forxample,thewordtreereferstotheobjecttree2.Whatisreference所指關(guān)系4Inotherwords,onlywhenaconnectionhasbeenestablishedbetweenthelinguisticsignandareferent,i.e.,anobject,aphenomenon,aperson,etc.doesthesignbecomemeaningful.t言之,只有當(dāng)語言符號與所指物物體、現(xiàn)象、人等之間建立某種聯(lián)系,這個符號才獲得意義。Thereferenceofawordtoathingoutsidethelanguageisarbitraryandconventional.Thisconnectionistheresultofgeneralizationandabstraction.詞與外界事物的這種指稱關(guān)系是任意的,又是約定俗成的。是高度概括的,是從同類事物中抽象出來的。Inotherwords,onlywhenaco53.Whatisconceptthegeneralideaormeaningwhichisassociatewithawordorsymbolinaperson指詞或符號在人腦中的大致印象或意義。3.Whatisconcept6What'stherelationshipbetweenmeaningandconceptTheyarecloselyconnectedbutnotidenticalaTheyarebothrelateddirectlytoreferentsandarenotionsofthewordsbutbelongtodifferentcategoriesConcept,whichisbeyondlanguage,istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.Conceptisuniversaltoallmenalikeregardlessofculture,race,languageandsoonButmeaningbelongstolanguage,soisrestrictedtolanguageuse.Aconceptcanhaveasmanyreferringexpressionsastherearelanguagesintheworld.Eveninthesamelanguage,thesameconceptcanbeexpressedindifferentwordsWhat'stherelationship74.Whatissense語義Thesenseofanexpressionisitsplaceinasystemofsemanticrelationshipswithotherexpressionsinthelanguage詞語的意義是它在語義關(guān)系系統(tǒng)中同其它詞語相對的位置。4.Whatissense語義8What'sthedifferencebetweenreferenceandsenseSensedenotestherelationshipsinsidethelanguage.fi語言內(nèi)部的關(guān)系Referencedenotestherelationshipbetweenwordsandthethings,actions,events,andqualitiestheystandforEverywordthathasmeaninghassensebutnoteverywordhasreference.每個詞都有語義,但不一定都有所指。Eg:but,almost.Thesegrammaticalwordsdonotrefertoanything.AndwordslikeGod,dragonandphenxrefertoimaginarythingsWhat'sthedifference9客觀事物(人腦以外的所有事物)反映在人腦中感覺(sensation),知覺(perception),表象(representation);人腦把它們加以概括和抽象形成概念(concept)。人們用語言把概念固定來,成為人們交流思想的符號(sgn),這就是有定意義的詞。每個詞都有一定的形式和意義,缺一不可。詞義角M,R,F,形式和所指沒有必然聯(lián)系;詞義與所指對象連接在一起,但不是每個詞都有■詞義和形式是約定俗成的,但不絕對客觀事物(人腦以外的所有事物)反映在人腦中10詞的意義和成分分析課件11詞的意義和成分分析課件12詞的意義和成分分析課件13詞的意義和成分分析課件14詞的意義和成分分析課件15詞的意義和成分分析課件16詞的意義和成分分析課件17詞的意義和成分分析課件18詞的意義和成分分析課件19詞的意義和成分分析課件20詞的意義和成分分析課件21詞的意義和成分分析課件22詞的意義和成分分析課件23詞的意義和成分分析課件24詞的意義和成分分析課件25詞的意義和成分分析課件26詞的意義和成分分析課件27詞的意義和成分分析課件28詞的意義和成分分析課件29詞的意義和成分分析課件30詞的意義和成分分析課件31詞的意義和成分分析課件32詞的意義和成分分析課件33詞的意義和成分分析課件34詞的意義和成分分析課件35詞的意義和成分分析課件36詞的意義和成分分析課件37詞的意義和成分分析課件38詞的意義和成分分析課件39詞的意義和成分分析課件40詞的意義和成分分析課件41詞的意義和成分分析課件42Chapter5WordmeaningandComponentialanalysisChapter543>Objectives:Discussmeaningsof'meaningExplaintypesofmeaningTeachingfocus:°Meaningsofmeaning;Motivationofmeaning:°TypesofmeaningComponentsofwordmeaning.>Objectives:445.1Wordmeaning1.WhatiswordmeaningWordmeaningcanbedefinedasareciprocalrelationbetweennameandmeaning意義是名稱與意思的聯(lián)系。Meaningiswhattheformstandsfor.Eg:desk:somethingyousitatandyoudoyourWO5.1Wordmeaning452.Whatisreference所指關(guān)系Itistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandtheworld所指是語言與客觀外界之間的相互關(guān)系。Bymeansofreference,aspeakerindicateswhichtalkedabout通過這種相互關(guān)系,說話人指稱外界的事物或人Itistherelationshipbetweenwordsandthethingsactions,events,andqualitiestheystandfor.Forxample,thewordtreereferstotheobjecttree2.Whatisreference所指關(guān)系46Inotherwords,onlywhenaconnectionhasbeenestablishedbetweenthelinguisticsignandareferent,i.e.,anobject,aphenomenon,aperson,etc.doesthesignbecomemeaningful.t言之,只有當(dāng)語言符號與所指物物體、現(xiàn)象、人等之間建立某種聯(lián)系,這個符號才獲得意義。Thereferenceofawordtoathingoutsidethelanguageisarbitraryandconventional.Thisconnectionistheresultofgeneralizationandabstraction.詞與外界事物的這種指稱關(guān)系是任意的,又是約定俗成的。是高度概括的,是從同類事物中抽象出來的。Inotherwords,onlywhenaco473.Whatisconceptthegeneralideaormeaningwhichisassociatewithawordorsymbolinaperson指詞或符號在人腦中的大致印象或意義。3.Whatisconcept48What'stherelationshipbetweenmeaningandconceptTheyarecloselyconnectedbutnotidenticalaTheyarebothrelateddirectlytoreferentsandarenotionsofthewordsbutbelongtodifferentcategoriesConcept,whichisbeyondlanguage,istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.Conceptisuniversaltoallmenalikeregardlessofculture,race,languageandsoonButmeaningbelongstolanguage,soisrestrictedtolanguageuse.Aconceptcanhaveasmanyreferringexpressionsastherearelanguagesintheworld.Eveninthesamelanguage,thesameconceptcanbeexpressedindifferentwordsWhat'stherelationship494.Whatissense語義Thesenseofanexpressionisitsplaceinasystemofsemanticrelationshipswithotherexpressionsinthelanguage詞語的意義是它在語義關(guān)系系統(tǒng)中同其它詞語相對的位置。4.Whatissense語義50What'sthedifferencebetweenreferenceandsenseSensedenotestherelationshipsinsidethelanguage.fi語言內(nèi)部的關(guān)系Referencedenotestherelationshipbetweenwordsandthethings,actions,events,andqualitiestheystandforEverywordthathasmeaninghassensebutnoteverywordhasreference.每個詞都有語義,但不一定都有所指。Eg:but,almost.Thesegrammaticalwordsdonotrefertoanything.AndwordslikeGod,dragonandphenxrefertoimaginarythingsWhat'sthedifference51客觀事物(人腦以外的所有事物)反映在人腦中感覺(se