工程碩士研究生英語基礎(chǔ)教程

工程碩士研究生英語基礎(chǔ)教程1TableofContents1.Text2.Exercise3.PartB:Grammar4.PartC2TextA:TheLandoftheLock3YearsagoinAmerica,itwascustomaryforfamiliestoleavetheirdoorsunlocked,dayandnight.Inthisessay,Greeneregretsthatpeoplecannolongertrusteachotherandhavetoresorttoelaboratesecuritysystemstoprotectthemselvesandtheirvaluables.Althoughtheauthoriswritinghisopinion,heusesmanyexamplestoreinforcehisideasandtoprovehisthesis.4幾年前在美國，許多美國家庭的門通常都是日夜不上鎖的。在本文中，格林遺憾地指出人們已經(jīng)不再彼此信任，不得不求助于各種復(fù)雜的安全設(shè)備來保護(hù)自身及其財(cái)產(chǎn)。作者在提出自己觀點(diǎn)的同時(shí)，舉出了大量的例子來驗(yàn)證和強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的觀點(diǎn)。5[1]InthehousewhereIgrewup,.Idon'tknowifthatwasalocaltermorifitisuniversal;"onthelatch"meantthedoorwasclosedbutnotlocked.Noneofuscarriedkeys;thelastoneinfortheeveningwouldcloseup,andthatwasit.6[1]在我長大成人的家里，我們的習(xí)慣是晚上把前門閂上。我不知道這是個(gè)地方詞匯還是廣泛的說法；“閂著門”的意思是關(guān)著門但卻不上鎖。我們都不帶鑰匙；晚上最后進(jìn)來的人會把門關(guān)上，如此而已。7[2]Thosedaysareover.Inruralareasaswellasincities,doorsdonotstayunlocked,evenforpartofanevening.8[2]那樣的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了?，F(xiàn)在不管是城市還是鄉(xiāng)村，門不再是不上鎖了，甚至天一黑門就要上鎖。9[3]Suburbsandcountryareasare,inmanyways,evenmorevulnerablethanwell-patrolledurbanstreets.Statisticsshowthecrimeraterisingmoredramaticallyinthoseallegedlytranquilareasthanincities.Atanyrate,theeraofleavingthefrontdooronthelatchisover.10[3]郊區(qū)及鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)在很多方面比巡視得很嚴(yán)密的城市還要容易出事。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明在那些據(jù)稱是平靜的地區(qū)，犯罪率的上升較之城市還要顯著。不管怎么說，晚上閂著前門的日子已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。11[4]Ithasbeenreplacedbylocks,securitychains,electronicalarmsystemsandtripwireshookeduptoapolicestationorprivateguardfirm.Manysuburbanfamilieshaveslidingglassdoorsontheirpatios,withsteelbarselegantlybuiltinsonoonecanprythedoorsopen.12[4]門閂已經(jīng)被鎖、安全鏈、電子報(bào)警系統(tǒng)以及與警察局或私人保鏢公司相連的報(bào)警線所取代、許多郊區(qū)家庭在庭院里都裝有滑動的玻璃門，很別致地裝有暗藏的鋼筋．這樣就沒人能撬開門了。13[5]Itisnotuncommon,inthemostpleasantofhomes,toseepastedonthewindowsdecalsannouncingthatthepremisesareundersurveillancebythissecurityforceorthatguardcompany.14[5]在很多擦亮的家里，經(jīng)常能見到窗戶上張貼著布告顯示本宅受某保安部隊(duì)或某保安公司的監(jiān)護(hù)。15[6]ThelockisthenewsymbolofAmerica.Indeed,arecentpublic-service,advertisementbyalargeinsurancecompanyfeaturednotactuarial,chartsbutapictureofachild'sbicyclewiththenow-usualpadlockattachedtoit.16[6]鎖是美國的新的象征。確實(shí)，最新的一宗保險(xiǎn)公司的公益廣告顯示的不是數(shù)據(jù)表格而是一幅畫，畫面上一個(gè)孩子的白行車上掛著一把現(xiàn)在常見的掛鎖。17[7]Theadpointedoutthat,yes,itistheinsurancecompaniesthatpayforstolengoods,butwhoisgoingtopayforwhatthenewatmosphereofdistrustandfearisdoingtoourwayoflife?WhoisgoingtomakethepsychicpaymentforthetransformationofAmericafromtheLandoftheFreetotheLandoftheLock?18[7]誠然，廣告顯示的是保險(xiǎn)公司會為你失竊的東西負(fù)責(zé)，但是又有誰會補(bǔ)償這種不信任和恐懼的氣氛給我們生活方式帶來的改變呢?誰來補(bǔ)償美國由自由大陸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯湘i的大陸所造成的心理損失呢？19[8]Forthatiswhathashappened.WehavebecomesousedtodefendingourselvesagainstthenewatmosphereofAmericanlife,sousedtoputtingupbarriers,thatwehavenothadtimetothinkaboutwhatitmaymean.20[8]情況就是這樣。我們已經(jīng)非常習(xí)慣于保護(hù)自己不受美國生活新氣氛的影響，習(xí)慣于圍起屏障，卻沒有時(shí)間去考慮這一切意味著什么。21[9]Forsomereasonwearesatisfiedwhenwethinkwearewell-protected;itdoesnotoccurtoustoaskourselves:Whyhasthishappened?Whyarewehavingtobarricadeourselvesagainstneighborsandfellowcitizens,andwhen,exactly,didthisstarttotakeoverourlives?22[9]出于某種原因，我們都滿足于受到良好的保護(hù)；卻從沒想過問問自己為什么會這樣?為什么一定要在我們自己與鄰居和同胞之間設(shè)立屏障呢?而且，究竟是什么時(shí)候這一現(xiàn)象開始主宰我們的生活呢?23[10]Andithastakenover.Ifyouworkforamediumtolarge-sizecompany,chancesarethatyoudon'tjustwanderinandoutofwork.Youprobablycarrysomekindofaccesscard,electronicorotherwise,thatallowsyouinandoutofyourplaceofwork.Maybethesecurityguardatthefrontdeskknowsyourfaceandwillwaveyouinmostdays,butthefactremainsthatthebusinessyouworkforfeelsthreatenedenoughtokeepoutsidersawayviathese"keys"24[10]我們的生活已經(jīng)受到控制了。如果你在一家大中型公司工作，你很合可能不能隨使出入公司。你可能要攜帶某種電子或非電子的出入卡，才能進(jìn)出工作單位。也許前合的保安認(rèn)識你，平時(shí)揮揮手就讓你進(jìn)去了，但是事實(shí)仍然是你所供職的單位覺得受到了威脅，要通過這樣一些“鑰匙”擋住外來者。25[11]Itwasn'talwayslikethis.Evenadecadeago,mostprivatebusinesseshadapolicyoffreeaccess.Itsimplydidn'toccurtomanagersthattheproperthingtodowastodistrustpeople.26[11]情況不總是這樣的。就在10年前，大多數(shù)私人企業(yè)都是允許自由出入的。經(jīng)理們從沒想過不相信別人是正常的。27[12]Lookattheairports.Parentsusedtotakechildrenouttodeparturegatestowatchplaneslandandtakeoff.That'sallgone.Airportsarenolongeraplaceofeducationandfun;theyarethemostsophisticatedofsecurityencampments.28[12]看看機(jī)場吧。過去父母經(jīng)常帶著孩子們到出站口去看飛機(jī)降落和起飛。這樣的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。機(jī)場不再是教育和娛樂的地方，而是高精尖的安全營地。29[13]WithelectronicX-rayequipment,weseemfinallytohavefiguredoutawaytoholdtheterrorists,realandimagined,atbay;itwassucharelieftosolvethisproblemthatwedidnotthinkmuchaboutwhatsuchastateofaffairssaysaboutthequalityofourlives.Wenowpassthroughtheseelectronicfriskerswithoutsomuchasasidewaysglance;themachines,andwhattheystandfor,havewon.30[13]通過x光設(shè)備，我們似乎最終找到了遏制真正的和想份中的恐怖分子的辦法；解決這樣的問題使我們松了一口氣，以至于我們不去考慮這種情況對我們的生活質(zhì)量意味著什么。我們現(xiàn)在目不斜視地通過電子檢測儀；機(jī)器以及他們所代表的東西取得了勝利。31[14]Businessmen,inincreasingnumbersarepurchasingnewmachinesthathookuptothetelephoneandanalyzeacaller'svoice.Themachinesaresupposedtotellthebusinessman,withasmallmarginoferror,whetherhisfriendorclientistellinglies.Allthisisbeingdoneinthenameof"security";thatiswhatwetellourselves.Wearefearful,andso,wedevisewaystolockthefearout,andthat,wedecide,iswhatsecuritymeans.32[14]越來越多的商人都在購買一種新型機(jī)器，與電話機(jī)連在一起就能分析出打電話音的聲音。人們認(rèn)為這種設(shè)備能在很小的誤差范圍內(nèi)，判斷出他的朋友或客戶是否在撒謊。所有這一切都是在“安全”的名義下完成的；我們對自己也是這么說的。我們恐懼，因此我們想出辦法把恐懼檔在外面，而我們認(rèn)為，這就是安全。33[15]Butno,withallthissecurity,weareperhapsthemostinsecurenationinthehistoryofcivilizedman.Whatbetterwordtodescribethewayinwhichwehavebeenforcedtolive?Whatbetterindictmentofallthatbecomeinthisnewandpuzzlingtime?34[15]恰恰相反。盡管有了所有這種“安全”，我們也許是人類文明史上最不安全的國度，有什么更好的詞來形容我們被迫所采取的生活方式呢?有什么好辦法對我們在這新潮而又令人迷憫的時(shí)代中的遭遇進(jìn)行控訴呢?35[16]Wetrustnoone.Wehavebecomesosmartaboutself-protectionthat,intheend,wealloutsmartedourselves.Wemayhavelockedtheevilsout,butinsodoingwehavelockedourselvesin.36[16]我們不相信任何人。我們已經(jīng)如此精于自我保護(hù)，以至于最終聰明反被聰明誤。我們也許把邪惡鎖在了外面，但與此同時(shí)，我們也把自己鎖在了里面。37[17]Thatmaybethelegacywerememberbestwhenwelookbackonthisage:Indealingwiththeunseenhorrorsamongus,webecameprisonersofourselves.Allofusprisoners,inthistimeofourtroubles.38[17]也許當(dāng)我們回首這個(gè)年代時(shí)，我們所能記得最清楚的印象就是；在對付這種存在于我們之間的無形的恐怖時(shí)，我們成了自己的囚徒。我們所有的人，都成了這個(gè)多事之秋的囚徒。391.resortvi.1.訴諸,憑借,求助[(+to)]Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthatheresortedtoforce.是這次嘗試失敗之后他才訴諸武力的。2.經(jīng)常去[(+to)]Thebeggarresortedtotherestaurantforsomesoup.這個(gè)乞丐常去該飯店要湯喝。n.1.常去的休閑度假之處;名勝[C]Therearemanysummerresortsinthemountains.在山里有許多避暑勝地。LanguageStudy402.trip n.[C]1.跌倒,失足;失誤Heapologizedforthetripofthetongue.他為失言道了歉。vi.1.絆,絆倒[(+over)]2.輕快地走(或跑);輕快地跳舞[Q]Thekidscametrippingdownthestairs.孩子們腳步輕捷地走下樓。vt.1.絆,絆倒Hetrippedthepickpocketupbytheheels.他用腳后跟把扒手絆倒。2.使失誤,使犯錯(cuò)誤[(+up)]Afewconfusingquestionstrippedupthesuspect.幾個(gè)棘手的問題使嫌疑犯泄漏了真情。LanguageStudy413.elaboratea.1.精心制作的;精巧的;詳盡的Theymadeelaboratecostumesfortheplay.他們?yōu)檫@出戲精心制作戲裝。2.復(fù)雜的3.煞費(fèi)苦心的,辛勤的Shemadeelaboratepreparationsfortheparty,butnooneshowedup.她為了聚會費(fèi)心準(zhǔn)備,但是一個(gè)人也沒來。ShemadeanelaboratestudyofShakespeare'sworks.她刻苦研究莎士比亞的著作。LanguageStudy424.reinforcevt.1.增援,加強(qiáng)Thegeneralreinforcedthefortwithmoretroops.將軍派更多的軍隊(duì)增援要塞。2.增加,補(bǔ)充,加固3.強(qiáng)化,加深;使更具說服力Newspaperslikethistendtoreinforcepeople'sprejudices.像這樣的報(bào)紙往往加深人們的偏見。LanguageStudy435.pryvt.1.(用杠桿等)撬,撬起,撬動[O][O8]Hepriedtheboxopenwithascrewdriver.他用螺絲起子將箱子撬開。n.1.撬杠,杠桿[C]vi.1.窺探;窺視[(+into/about)]Stoppryingaboutthehouse.別在屋子里到處窺探了。2.刺探,打聽[(+into)]Shelikestopryintotheprivatelifeofherfriends.她喜歡打聽友人的私生活。LanguageStudy446.chancesare(that)1.可能Chancesareshe'salreadyheardthenews.可能她已經(jīng)知道這消息了。LanguageStudy457.barricaden.[C]1.路障,街壘Variousbarricadesblockedoffallthemainstreetsofthecity.各種路障封鎖住了城里所有的主要道路。2.柵欄,擋墻,障礙物Everyoneshouldbeguardedbylegalbarricades.人人都應(yīng)受法律保障。vt.1.在...設(shè)置路障;筑柵防御Theybarricadedthemainroadwithfallentrees.他們用倒下的樹堵住了主要道路。2.阻塞,擋住Theboybarricadedthedoortokeepthestrangerout.男孩擋住門不讓那個(gè)陌生人進(jìn)去。LanguageStudy468.access n.1.接近,進(jìn)入;接近的機(jī)會,進(jìn)入的權(quán)利;使用[U][(+to)]Onlyafewpeoplehaveaccesstothefullfactsofthecase.只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)人能看到有關(guān)該案全部事實(shí)的材料。2.通道,入口,門路[C][U][(+to)]Theonlyaccesstotheirhouseisalongthatnarrowroad.只有沿著那條狹窄的路走才能到達(dá)他們的房子。LanguageStudy479.sophisticateda.1.老于世故的Sheisasophisticatedwoman. 她是一個(gè)老于世故的女人。2.富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的;精通的3.不落俗套的,精致的4.復(fù)雜的,精密的,高度發(fā)展的sophisticatedweapons尖端武器LanguageStudy4810.indictmentn.1.控告,告發(fā);起訴[C][U]beunderindictmentforfraud被控犯有詐騙罪presentanindictmentagainstsomeone控告某人2.起訴書[C]LanguageStudy4911.legacyn.[C]1.遺產(chǎn);遺贈Hisunclelefthimalegacyof$50,000.他叔父給他留下五萬元遺產(chǎn)。2.留給后人的東西Booksarethelegaciesthatagreatgeniusleavestomankind.書是偉大的天才留給人類的精神財(cái)富。LanguageShenameof 1.以...的名義 Stopdoingthat,inthenameofGod!看在上帝的分上,別干了!LanguageStudy5113.atanyrate 1.無論如何;至少Atanyrate,themedicalsupplieswillreachyouwithinaweek.無論如何,醫(yī)療用品將于一星期內(nèi)運(yùn)到你那里。LanguageStudy5214.attachto 1.屬于 Allblamemustattachtomyself.一切責(zé)任應(yīng)由我本人承擔(dān)。LanguageStudy5315.standfor 1.代表;象征 TheAmericanflagstandsforfreedomandjustice.美國國旗代表自由及公平。WhatdothelettersUNstandfor?字母UN代表什么?2.主張;支持,擁護(hù)Westandforself-reliance.我們主張自力更生。LanguageStudy5416.keep/holdatbay 1.不使...迫近 Hekeptmeatbaywithalongknife.他用一把長刀阻止我接近。LanguageStudy5517.featuren.1.特征,特色[(+of)]Thisisakeyfeatureofoursociety.這是我們社會的一個(gè)主要特點(diǎn)。2.面貌,相貌[P]Hecouldrecallherfeaturesverydistinctly.他能夠清晰地回想起她的容貌。3.(報(bào)紙等的)特寫,特別報(bào)導(dǎo),專欄Thelocalnewspaperranafeatureonchildlabor.地方報(bào)紙登載一篇有關(guān)童工勞動的特寫。5.(電影的)正片,故事片Thefeaturebeginsathalfpastten.電影正片七點(diǎn)半開始。vt.1.以...為特色;是...的特色2.(電影)由...主演Thenewmoviefeaturestwoofmyfavoriteactors.這部新片由我最喜愛的兩位演員主演。3.特載,以...作為號召Themuseum'sexhibitfeaturespaintingsofcolonialtimes.博物館的展品突出介紹殖民時(shí)代的繪畫。vi.1.起重要作用;作為主要角色[(+in)]EconomicissuesfeaturedverylargelyinthePrimeMinister'sspeech.首相的講話中很大一部分涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)問題LanguageStudy56EXERCISESI.ReadingComprehensionII.GettingInformationIII.VocabularyAndStructureA

B

CIV.TranslationA

B

CGrammarEx.1Ex.257READINGCOMPREHENSION1-5:BDADC58GETTINGINFORMATIONOMITTED59VOCABULARYANDSTRUCTURE:ATransformationaccessbarriersviadeviseallegedlegacysophisticatedindictmentvulnerable60VOCABULARYANDSTRUCTURE:Bbuy:purchaseaccusation:indictmentcomplex:complicatedsafe:securesocialenvironment:atmospherewatch:surveillancechange:transformationbarrier:barricade61VOCABULARYANDSTRUCTURE:Ctoonunderinattoupforoverat62Translation:AIfyougetinvolvedinotherpeople’sproblems,thechancesarethatyouwillendupinanunpleasantposition.Hethinksitadutytodefendhiscountryagainstenemies.Don’tattachtoomuchimportanceto