UNDP-#Web3for2030：Web3如何幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)（英）-2022.11-35正式版

#Web3for2030HowcanWeb3helpachievetheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsUNDPRegionalBureauforAsiaandthePacificThispublicationisauthoredbyRowanYeoman,SuperbenefitDAO,Consultant,UNDPRBAPKateSutton,HeadoftheInnovationCentre,UNDPRBAPAcknowledgementWewanttothankAgnesHullerforherhardworkbringingtogetherthisworkasaproductforotherstouseandunderstand.ThankyoutoZainabKakal,IevgenKylymnykandJuergenNaglerforyourinputthroughoutthereportprocessandespeciallyforreviewingourfinaldraft.ThankyoutoKevinPetriniforengagingwiththisworkandseeingthepotentialfortheregion.ThankyoutoJonathanHodder,SwethaKolluri,AhamedNishadhNajeem,SamNg,MaxSemenchukandAlexanderWieseforyourinsightsandinputswhenpreparingthereport.Finally,thankyoutothosewhoattendedourwebinarandhelpedusshapedthefinalcontent.Theviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyrepresentthoseoftheUnitedNations,includingUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP),donoragencies,ortheUNMemberStates.Theyarealsonotnecessarilyendorsedbythosementionedintheacknowledgementsorcited.ThementionofspecificcompaniesororganizationsdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyUNDPinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.Areferencetoanon-UNDPwebsiteorpublicationdoesnotimplyendorsementbyUNDPortheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedthereinoroftheviewexpressed.AllreasonableprecautionshavebeentakenbyUNDPtoverifytheinformationcontainedinthispublication.However,thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied.Theresponsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader.Informationonuniformresourcelocatorsandlinkstowebsitescontainedinthepresentpublicationareprovidedfortheconvenienceofthereaderandarecorrectatthetimeofissuance.TheUnitedNationstakesnoresponsibilityforthecontinuedaccuracyofthatinformationorforthecontentofanyexternalwebsite.Citation:UNDP(2022).UNDPRBAP:#Web3for2030.NewYork,NewYork.Copyright?UNDP2022Allrightsreserved.UNDPistheleadingUnitedNationsorganizationfightingtoendtheinjusticeofpoverty,inequality,andclimatechange.Workingwithourbroadnetworkofexpertsandpartnersin170countries,wehelpnationstobuildintegrated,lastingsolutionsforpeopleandplanet.Learnmoreatorfollowat@UNDP.UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammeRegionalBureauforAsiaandthePacificOneUnitedNationsPlazaNewYork,NY,10017,U.S.A.Tel:+1212906-5000Fax:+1212906-5898TableofContents010203ExecutiveIntroductionWeb3ExplainerSummary040506HowtothinkWeb3Web3andaboutOpportunitiesachievingthetechnologicalSDGschange070809Theroleofthe Web3Risks& ConclusionUNDPinWeb3 MitigationforImpact StrategiesExecutive01SummaryTheglobalcommunityisnotontracktoachievetheSustainableDevelopmentGoals.1ToachievetheGoals,weneedtoaccelerateourcurrentprogressandtoaddfundamentallydifferentwaysofoperatingtoourtoolkit.Web3isasuiteoftechnologiesandtrendsthatopennewpossibilitiesforhowwecanachievetheglobalgoals.AlthoughWeb3isoftenreferredtoasagroupoftechnologiessuchasBlockchain,DecentralisedFinance,CryptocurrencyandNFTs-ultimatelyWeb3isaboutchangingourfinancial,economic,governanceandinnovationsystemsthrough“openness”anddecentralisation.ForpeopleandorganisationsworkingtoachievetheSDGs,beiteliminatingpoverty,tacklingtheclimatecrisis,buildingmoreandbetterinfrastructureorprotectinghumanrightsandadvancinggoodgovernancethenWeb3willchangethenatureofthisworkandcanenablepowerfulnewsolutions.Web1promisedadecentralisedinternet,butitwasonlyusefulforconsuminginformation,Web2allowedpeoplebecomecreatorsbuthasbecomehighlycentralisedinafewlargetechnologycompanies.Web3offersadecentralisedwebrunonsystemssecuredbycryptographythatspansgeographicalborders.Thispromisestochangethepowerstructuresofthecurrentwebandputpowerfultoolsinthehandsofindividualsandcommunitiestogivethemcontroloftheirdigitallives.WearestillearlyinWeb3’sdevelopment,anditsfuturesstateisbynomeanscertain,butwecangaininsightsintohowitwillunfoldbymappingitagainstthepredictablepatternsthatmost

mostmajortechnologicalparadigmsfollow.Understandingthiscanhelpusmakebetterdecisionsabouttheopportunitiesandrisksthesetechnologiespresent.Thiscanalsohelpustakeanactiveroleindirectingthesenewtechnologiestowardsdrivingmoreinnovationforimpact.TherearealreadysomeinterestingexamplesandusecasesofpeopleandorganisationsusingWeb3forimpactandachievingtheSDGs.IfimpactorganisationslikeUNDPandotherUNagenciesdeveloptheskillsets,mindsets,partnerships,andresourcestoharnessthepotentialofWeb3thereissignificantpotentialtoaccelerateprogresstowardthegoals.OrganisationslikeUNDPcanshapethedevelopmentofWeb3bysupportinginnovationecosystems,actingasconnectivetissuebetweenorganisations,developingresearchandadvocacy,supportinggovernmentstoengageinWeb3opportunitiesandpotentiallytochangeourselvesandhowwework,buttodoallthiswemustbeproactive.Web3isnotwithoutitsrisksbothstructuralandtechnologicalandwemustbeawareofthesechallengesandrisksandworktomitigatethem.However,asWeb3evolves,impactorganisationshaveavitalroletoplayinitsinclusivedevelopment.1/sdgs/report/2022/Introduction 02Web3canbeapolarizingterm.Eithersomeoneisproclaiming“Web3isthefutureoftheinternetandwillsolveallourproblems”ortheyaredenouncingitasnothingmorethangreedandhype.Web3,however,isacomplexemergentspacethatspansseveraldifferentdistinctdisciplines–computerscience,finance,economics,governancedesignandmore.Thefieldisevolvingatarapidpacewithnewinnovationsandprojectslaunchingdaily,gainingafootholdofsolidunderstandingcanbefrustratinglydifficult.Itispossible,however,tochartacoursethroughthisemergentcomplexity.WhilemuchofWeb3looksnew,thepredictablepatternsofemergingtechnologythinking,testinganddevelopmentarenot.Ifweareequippedwithframesofreferenceandtherightmentalmodels(thoughtprocesses),wecanbuildanunderstandingofWeb3thatisuseful,predictiveanddoesnotrequireyearsofhardstudyandimmersiontoachieve.Thisreportiswrittenforinternationaldevelopmentandimpactpractitioners,andnotWeb3experts,tohelpthemtounderstandWeb3anditspossibilitiesfortheirwork.Itseekstoanswerthequestions:Newtechnologytrendstendtobeeitheroverhypedoroverlycriticised,dependingoncontext.HowmightweunderstandWeb3onafirstprinciplesbasissothatwedonotfallintooneofthesepolarextremes?IfWeb3isthe“nextevolutionoftheinternet”,itwillcreatepowerfulnewdynamicsinoursociety.Howcanweunderstandwhatiscomingandhowitmightshapesociety,especiallyinadevelopmentcontext?

Newtechnologyismorallyagnostic,itwon’timprovesocietyonitsown.HowcanweleveragethetoolsWeb3ismakingavailabletocreatepositiveimpact?HowcanthetoolsofWeb3supportprogressontheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)?2Thereportisintwoparts,firstlyitintroducesthefundamentalsofWeb3,writtenforanon-expertaudience.Thenweoutlineacoresetofmentalmodelsneededtounderstandtheprogressionofnewtechnologyparadigms.Thiswillsupportthereadertomapandanalyseanymajortechnologytrend,andinthisinstancetounderstandandassesstheprogressofWeb3andtointegratethesenewideasintoprogramming.Secondly,thereportoutlinessomeofthepotentialopportunityspacesforinternationaldevelopmentandhowWeb3cansupportachievingtheSDGs,whatmightberequiredtotakeadvantageofthisnewspace,whattheUNDPcoulddoandfinallythereportoutlinessomerisksandchallengesthatWeb3poses.Thisisnotexhaustive,andwehopetobuildonthisinthecomingmonthsandyears.Weappreciateit’sironicthatthisreportiswritteninastatic,reporttypeway,butitispurposefullywrittenfortheaudiencethisway.Wedo,however,verymuchencouragereaderstofindoutmoreviaourprogrammepage3(db.team/undp/web3)whichhasmoreinformationaboutWeb3,development,impact,andthisemergingspace.Weseethisreportasastart,aworkinprogressandweappreciateanyfeedbackandinputfromreaders./goals3https://db.team/undp/web3/Web3Explainer03“Web3”isacollectionofemergingtechnologytrendsthatstemfromnewdigitaltoolsthatrelatetodecentralization,digitalidentity,openprotocols,andparticipatorygovernance,andnotanyoneclearquantifiablething.Itis,however,agoodnametodescribethecollectionoftechnologytrends.WewillusethetermWeb3throughoutthisreporttodescribethesetechnologiesAbriefhistoryoftheWeb“Web1”(1990-2005)wastheeraofthewebpageandthereadonlyweb.Peoplewithtechnicalskillswouldmakewebpagesandeveryoneelsewouldreadthemtoshareinformation.Duringthistime,oneneededtobetechnicallyproficienttocreateawebpage(theageofthe“Webmaster”),youalsoneededtobeabletohostyourwebsiteonaserver.Web1championedtheideaofadecentralizedweb,whereindividualscouldinteractindependentlyon"crediblyneutral"4protocols.Someonecouldputupawebsite,otherscouldviewit,andnoonesatinbetweenmediatingthoseinteractions.Thetechnologyoftheearlywebwasslowandhardtouse.Asaresult,companiesevolvedtoremovetheburdenofneedingtoprogrammewebsitesjusttoputcontentonline.Theyalsohostedwebsitesin“thecloud”tosparepeoplefromhavingtoownandmanagetheirownservers,thisledtomorecentralisation.“Web2”(2005-2020)wastheeraoftheread/writeweb,oftenknownastheparticipatoryorsocialweb.Itbecameeasyforpeopletocontributetotheweb.By2005,withthedevelopmentofthefirstbloggingplatforms5,itbecamepossibleforregularpeopletopostcontentonline.TheriseofsocialmediaincludingMyspace,Twitter,FacebooketcusheredinWeb2.Alsoplatformsthatleverageusergeneratedinformation,forexampleGoogleMaps,whichreliesonusersinputtinglocationinformation,plustheusers’real-timelocationdata,to/credible-neutrality//news/communication/history-of-blogging/maptrafficconditions.Googlemapsthenbuildsvastdatabasesofinformationbackedupbymassiveamountsofprocessingpowertoservetheircustomerswithmaps.Web2alsointroducedthe“sharingeconomy”wherepeoplecontributedtoserviceslikeUBERorAirbnbasconsumers,butalsoasdriversandlandlords.Web2unlockedincrediblevalueandallowedparticipationonthewebtoscalemassively.Butforthisconvenience,usersgaveupthedecentralizedsovereigntyofoperatingoncrediblyneutralprotocolsandmovedontoproprietaryplatformsownedbylargecompanies.ThisallowedcompanieslikeFacebookandGoogle,toharnesspowerfulnetworkeffectstocreategiantcommercialwalledgardens,wheretheyclaimownershipofallthecontentproducedbyusers,aswellasallthedatathatflowsfromtheirinteractions.AkeydriverofthesecentralizingWeb2dynamicswastheearlyWeb’slackofdigitalmoney.Transactingwithmoneywasillegalontheearlyweb.Thisleftadvertisingastheonlyviablebusinessmodelformostwebcompanies,whichcontributedinamajorwaytothedominanceofthewinner-take-allbusinessmodelsofWeb2.DemocratizingaccesstopowerfultoolsWeb3promisestobreakthestrangle-holdthattheWeb2techgiantshaveonthewebandtosomeextent,societyingeneral.TheWeb3thesisholdsthatthesenewtechnologiescandeliverthedecentralized,peer-to-peer,self-sovereignfutureofpromisedbyWeb1,butwiththescalabilityandeaseofuseofWeb2.Thispromiseisbackedupbyanoveltechnologicalinnovation–cryptographictrustontheinternet.ThisethosofempoweringindividualsandcommunitiesisindirectoppositiontothecentralizationofmoneyandpowerthatWeb2brought.Formany,Web3istheattempttomoveusbackonthepathoftechnologybeinganempoweringanddemocratizingforce.Web3beganasanexplicitmovementtoputpowerfultoolsinthehandsofordinarypeople.Theearlycommunityofcomputerscienceandcryptographyenthusiasts,whoseeffortsculminatedinthebirthofBitcoinin2009wereknownastheCypherpunks.Fromtheveryoutsettheiragendaintryingtoinventadigitaltrustmechanismwasdeeplyrootedinadesireforsocietalchange6.Theyintendedthistechnologytotransformsocietybyredistributingpowerfromthetraditional,topdown,powerstructuretoindividualsandcommunities.Goingfroma"read,write"Web2to"read,write,own”,Web3,hasprofoundimplicationsthatarenotimmediatelyobvious.Atthehighestleveltheseimplicationsstemfromtheinventionofcryptographictrustontheinternetandtheconceptofdecentralizationthatmakesitpossible.UnderstandingthesedynamicsshowsthepotentialthatWeb3hastobecomeademocratizingforceacrosssociety.https://www.fwb.help/editorial/cypherpunks-to-social-daosCryptographictrustontheinternetThefundamentalinnovationthatunderpinsWeb3canbedescribedas"cryptographictrustontheinternet".Beforeblockchaintechnologywasinventedtherewasnowaytotrustanythingontheinternetwithouttheinterventionofa"trustedthirdparty",forexampleabank,whereabankcustomercouldtrustthatapaymentwouldgothrough,butonlybecausethebankwastrustedtoensureitdid.ThefirstexampleofcryptographictrustontheinternetisBitcoin,withthecreationoftheBitcoinblockchainin2009,forthefirst-timepeoplecouldtrustthatapaymentwouldgothroughbecauseofthemaththatranthecomputersystem.Intheabovediagram,thebankoperatesacentralizedledger.Thisrecordshowmuchmoneyisineachaccountatanytime.Thebankisthetrustedthirdpartywhoverifiesthattheledgeriscorrectandcanmakechangesifitthinksthattheledgerisincorrect(forexampleifatransferissenttothewrongaccount,itmightundothetransactionandstartagain).Thebankcontrolswhocanhaveabankaccount,itcanfreezeaccountsifitchoosestoorisinstructedtobyauthoritiesandallofthishappensmostlyoutofviewofthepublic.IntheBitcoinexample,theledger,whichrecordshowmanyBitcoinareineachwallet(account),isdecentralized,meaningthatcopiesofitarespreadacrossmanythousandsofdifferentcomputersaroundtheworld.Thesecomputersusecomplexcryptographytocollectivelyreachconsensusontheaccuracyoftheledgeratanypointintime.ThisistheBitcoinBlockchain.Theresultofthisdecentralizedmechanismisthatnoperson,organizationorgovernmenthascentralizedcontroloftheledger,noonecanrollbackatransaction,noonecanfreezeaccounts,noonecandenyanyoneaccesstothenetwork,andanyoneatanypointcanlookattheentireBitcointransactionhistory.Itisopen,transparent,censorshipresistantandpermissionless.Web3istheunfoldingofthisdecentralizedtrust,andthequalitiesitengendersinsystems,intomoreandmoresophisticateduse-cases.Asthetechnologydevelopsitismovingfromearlyobvioususe-cases,likemoney,throughtothingswillprofoundlytransformsociety.EarlylandscapeAswehaveread,thefirstuse-caseforcryptographictrustontheinternetwascryptocurrencies.BeginningwithBitcoinin2009andthenproliferatingwithhundredsofcopycatcurrenciesthatfollowed.Thesegavepeopletheabilitytobuyandsellcryptocurrencies,speculateontheirvalue,andinsomelimitedcases,spendthemtobuygoods.Thenextbigtechnologicalstepwasthedevelopmentofsmartcontracts.ThesecamewiththelaunchoftheEthereumblockchainin2015.WhereBitcoinallowsformoneyintheformofBitcoin(BTC)toberecordedonitsdigitalledger(anonlinelogbookthatcannotbechanged),theEthereumblockchainallowsforcomputercodetoberuninthesametrust-freeway(“trust-free”meaningthatnotrustedthirdparties,forexamplesgovernmentsorbanks,arereliedoninatransaction).Acomputerprogramme(intheformofasmartcontract)canbeguaranteedtoruninaspecificway.ThistookBitcoin'strust-freemoneyontheinternetandexplodeditintotrust-freeanythingyoucouldconceivablygetacomputertodo.ThisledtoawholehostofinnovationsthatcollectivelyformthefoundationsofWeb3.Beingfamiliarwiththese,atleastatahighlevel,isnecessarytohavepracticalunderstandingofWeb3.Theseinclude:Blockchains–followingtheBitcoinandEthereumblockchains(seeaboveforexplaineronBlockchain),therehavefollowedmanycrediblecompetingorcomplementaryblockchains,eacharedevelopedfordifferentreasonsandusecases.Forexample,theSolanablockchain7ismorescalablethanBitcoinbutlesssecure.WhereastheBinanceSmartChain8ismuchfasterthanbothBitcoinandSolana,butlessdecentralized.DecentralizedFinance(Defi)–theprocessand,innovationsofthefinancialindustryexecutedinadecentralizedway.AtcurrentestimatesDefiisaUS$100billionindustry9,ledbyprotocolslikeUniswap10andCurveFinance11.Stablecoins-cryptotokensthatarepeggedtotraditionalworldcurrenciesliketheUSdollar.ThecurrentUSdollarstablecoinmarketisaboutUS$150billion12.StablecoinsallowpeopletotransactorholdmoneyinWeb3withouttakingtheriskofthevalueofthetokenchangingwildly.Thesemakeitpossibleforpeopletousecryptocurrenciesforeverydaytransactionssuchasreceivingsalariesandhouseholdspending.Non-FungibleTokens(NFTs)-unlikecryptocurrenciesandstablecoins,whichareknownas"fungibletokens",NFTsarenon-fungiblemeaningthattheyareuniqueandunlikedollarsorBitcoinarenotinterchangeable.NFTsbecamepopularasawayofowningone-offpiecesofdigitalart,buttheconceptisrapidlyevolvingtoservemanydifferentuse-casessuchasthemusicindustry,gaming,virtualworldownership,tokenizedphysicalassetsandmanagingmembershipsforWeb3governance.TheNFTmarketforartin2021grewtoUS$41billion13./https://101/binance-smart-chain//statistics/1237821/defi-market-size-value-crypto-locked-usd/10/11https://curve.fi/12/statistics/1255835/stablecoin-market-capitalization/13/news/currencies/nft-market-41-billion-nearing-fine-art-market-size-2022-1Oracles-thesearethecryptographicallysecuremechanismsforbringingtrusteddatafromtherealworldintotheWeb3world.Whenasmartcontractneedssomedatatorune.g.,acropinsurancecontractthatpaysoutifaregionreceivesbelowacertainamountofrainfalloveraperiodoftime.Anoracleisthemechanismbywhichthecontractgetsthisinformation.Itusescryptographicmethodstoguaranteethecorrectnessofthedataitisprovidingtoasmartcontract.AgoodexampleofanoracleprotocolbeingChainLink.14DecentralizedAutonomousOrganizations(DAOs)-theseareanewformofcollectivegovernancethatleveragetokenizedfundingandgovernancemechanisms.Theyareawayforacommunitytocometogethertojointlycollaborateonsomethingandhavecollectiveownershipandgovernanceofasharedtreasury.DAOsareaverybroadcategorybutmanyareengagedinbuildingthetechnicalinfrastructureofWeb3.Bytheendof2021fourthousandDAOscollectivelyheldmorethanUS$16billionundermanagementintheirtreasuries15.Metaverse-MetaverseisatermoftenusedinrelationtoWeb3,butwewoulddistinguishitfromthecoreWeb3elementslistedaboveanddescribeitmoreasatrendthatwilllikelyleverageWeb3tools.Metaversedescribesafuturestateoftechnologywherewespendasignificantamountofourtimeinvirtualworlds.ThisisaverybroadandmuchhypedareaandwhilesomeMetaverseprojectswilluseWeb3toolstomanagethingslikeownershipinandaccesstometaverseworlds,othersmaynotbedecentralizedatall,ormaynotemployself-sovereignidentityetc.ItispossiblethatweendupwithversionsofaMetaversethatverymuchresembleourcurrentWeb2socialmediajustwithnewVRinterfaces.TheaboveelementsoftheWeb3landscapehavebeengrowingatanincrediblepacefuelledbyinvestmentcapitalandtalent.VenturecapitalinvestorspouredUS$33billionintoWeb316projectsin2021.This,inturn,hasbeendrivinganinfluxoftalenttothespace.ThenumberofpeopleworkinginWeb3increasedby76%yearonyearin2022.17https://chain.link//sites/forbesfinancecouncil/2022/10/14/the-state-of-daos-and-what-that-can-mean-for-web3/?sh=7a8ef16f7f37/money-finance/venture-capitalists-are-pouring-money-into-web3-heres-why/433195/academy/en/global-blockchain-industry-talent-insights-okx-linkedin-reportHowtothinkabout04technologicalchangeWhatdoesthismeanfortheimpactsector,fordevelopmentpractitionersandothernon–techexpertsbesidessomebuzzwordsandnoise?Thissectionoutlineshowtothinkabouttechnologyandtechnologicalchangetounderstandwhatimpactitwillhaveontheimpactsectors(oranysectors)work.AsoutlinedabovewecanseeWeb3asanextevolutionoftheinternet;basedondecentralizedsystemsthatareopen,transparent,censorshipresistantandpermissionless.TohaveinformedopinionsaboutWeb3thatarepredictiveanduseful,weneedtogroundourselvesinthehistoricpattersthatreliablyshowupwiththeemergenceofnewtechnologyparadigms.Thisisthekeytounderstanding,notjustwhatthecurrentstateofWeb3developmentis,butthedirectionthetechnologyistravelingin.ThisiswhatwillunlockwhatmightberelevantinaUNDPcontext.HownewtechnologyparadigmsunfoldThusfartheoverwhelmingperspectiveacrosstheUNDP(andUNingeneral)hasbeentofocusonthespecifictechnologiesandwhattheycandoinspecificusecases,forexample,runningpilotsandwritingreportsaboutBlockchain18orexperimentingwithvirtualreality19,andthereisnoproblemwiththisperse,butifitcontinuesitrisksmissingtheopportunitiesthatarenowemergingasWeb3becomesanenablingcontext.Itcanalsotakea“technologyfirst”ratherthan“problemfirst”or“peoplefirst”approachtothearea.Thiscanunlocksomenovelusecases,butfortheseenablingtechnologiestobeusedtoachievetheSDGs,weneedtointegratethemintoprogrammaticthinkingratherthanseeingthisasaspacefor“techheads”or“petprojects”.Web3israpidlymovingfrombeingspecifictoolstobecominganenablingcontextandthethoughtprocessoutlinedbelowcanhelpprofessionalsadaptinatimeofrapidtechnologicalchange.ThepathtomassadoptionAsWeb1wasemergingintheearly1990s,itwasbeingcreatedbyarelativelysmallgroupofpeoplewhotoiledinobscurity.Theycouldseeitspotentialbutweregenerallyunableto/en/un-chronicle/blockchain-and-sustainable-growth/en/story/2016/05/529752-feature-un-uses-virtual-reality-inspire-humanitarian-empathyconvinceothersoftheweb’spotential.Theimportantthingtorememberisthatdetractorswererighttobescepticalofthewebinitsearlydays.Itwastechnicallylimited(slow,insecureandhadminimalfunctionality),difficulttouse(expensiveandhardtoprogramme)andmostlyuseless(ithadlimitedmainstreamuse-cases).ButasearlyproblemsweresolvedWeb1progressed.Asimpleheuristicforpredictingwhetheranearlytechnologyparadigmshiftliketheearlywebwillmakethecurvetomassadoption,istoaskfourkeyquestions:Isitpowerful?Doesthenewtechnologyhavethepotentialtofundamentallyshiftsomethingimportantinsociety?Isitpopular?Aretherelargenumbersoftalentedpeoplemigratingtothenewtechnology?Isitvaluable?Aretherelargeamountsofcapitalpouringintothenewspace?Isithappeningatscale?Isinnovationhappeningbroadlyandatpace?Aretheremanydifferentplayerstakingdifferentapproachestodevelopingaspectsofthisnewtechnology?Thiscangivesomeconcreteinsightintowhetherthetechnologyislikelytodevelopintoanewparadigmandthereforewhethertoinvestinunderstandingandusingthetechnology.FromtechnologicalshifttosolvedproblemsAllmajortechnologyparadigmsunfoldinasimilarway.Theystartwithacoretechnologyshift,aninventionthathasgreatpotential.Thisnewtechnologygetsappliedtoexistinguse-cases.Intheseearlyusesofthetechnology,itisgenerallyunderdevelopedandonlymarginallybetterthantheexistingsolutionsthatitisreplacing.However,asitstartstogainadoptionitsearlyproblemsareovercome,andthetechnologyimproves.Fromnoveluse-casestoenablingcontextThisimprovementinthetechnologyallowsforthedevelopmentofnoveluse-cases,applicationsofthetechnologythatwerenotimmediatelypredictable.Astheseapplicationsofthetechnologygrowmoreandmorecommonplace,thetechnologygoesfrombeingatoolappliedinspecificuse-casestobecominganenablingcontextwhereitinfluencesmanyaspectsofeverydaylife.Whenthishappensanexplosionofnovelinnovationcantakeplace.Thisbringswithitasetofeffectsthatfundamentallyshiftwhatispossibleandconsequently,changepartsofthebroadersocietythatthetechnologyinhabits.TounderstandthepotentialofWeb3forsocietalchangeweneedtounderstandthisprocess.Anexampleofthislayeringofenablinginfrastructurewa