教學(xué)大綱-生物學(xué)與細(xì)胞臨床五年制等

中山大學(xué)UndergraduateCourseSchool(Department)：DepartmentofCourseTitle:BiologyandCell二〇BiologyandCell（編寫日期：2016年7月）(Date:一、課程基本說明I.BasicCourseTitle:BiologyandcellCourseCourse3Class（）劉建中(副LiuOfferedofBiologyStudentsForensicHealth，Yearof1st ObjectiveandCellBiologyisanimportantbranchoflifesciencewhichfocusesonresearchingcellularstructures，functionsandotherbiologicalphenomena.Itiscloselyrelatedtomedicalscience,therebyservingasanimportantbasiccourseformedicaleducation.Themajorgoalofthiscourseistoensurethemedicalschoolstudentsunderstandthecutting-edgeandtrendofcellbiology.Weexpectthemedicalstudentswillnotonlymasterthebasicknowledgeofthecellsincludingthemechanismandfunctionalsignificanceoftheindividualcellcomponentscutting-edgeandtrendofcellbiology.Weexpectthemedicalstudentswillnotonlymasterthebasicknowledgeofthecellsincludingthemechanismandfunctionalsignificanceoftheindividualcellcomponentsbutalsolearnthenovelmethodandtechnologyinthefielduponthetraining,whichwillultima ybenefittheteachingofothertheoreticalandclinicalmedical,thiscourserequiresthatthestudentsinformedthestructureandthefunctionofcellcomponents,masterthecharacteristicsandmolecularmechanismunderlyingcellactivities.IICourse（一）課程內(nèi)容i.Course（含學(xué)時(shí)分配，學(xué)時(shí)分配要到“章”或“節(jié)”，并對(duì)各章節(jié)的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容加以必要的說明）(Pleaseprovideacoursecalendar;specifywhichchapterorsectiontheclasshourwouldcover;providenecessaryinformationonthekeypoints,difficultpointsandotheryouthinknecessarytoclarifyineachChapter1.教學(xué)內(nèi)容Teachingcontents2學(xué)時(shí)2Class細(xì)胞生物學(xué)概述Introductionofcell細(xì)胞生物學(xué)發(fā)展的幾個(gè)主要階段Majorperiodsduringtheevolutionofcell細(xì)胞生物學(xué)與醫(yī)學(xué)Cellbiologyandmedical教學(xué)要求TeachingTograspfirmly:conceptofcellbiology,severalmajoreventsduringtheevolutionofcellbiology,contentandtheoriginatorofcelltheory,majorresearchfieldsincellbiology.Tobefamiliarwith:hottopicsincellbiology,severalminoreventsduringtheevolutioncellToknowgenerally:therelationshipbetweencellbiologyandmedical重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)KeyanddifficultKeyPoints:severalperiodsduringtheevolutionofcellbiology.Difficultpoints:severalperiodsduringtheevolutionofcellbiology.胞的概念與分子Chapter2.Theconceptandmolecularbasisof教學(xué)內(nèi)容Teachingcontents(4學(xué)時(shí),4Classhours;實(shí)驗(yàn)：9學(xué)時(shí),Experiment:9class細(xì)胞的基本概念Basicconceptof細(xì)胞的與進(jìn)化Originandevolutionof細(xì)胞的分子基礎(chǔ)Molecularbasisof教學(xué)要求Teaching的含量與種類及分子結(jié)構(gòu)，tRNA的分子結(jié)構(gòu)，氨基酸的基本組成，蛋白質(zhì)的一至四級(jí)結(jié)乳類細(xì)胞膜的糖脂類型，細(xì)胞的與進(jìn)化，Miller模擬進(jìn)化的實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容，酸性氨基了解：miRNAsiRNA（RNA干擾）的作用機(jī)制，piRNA、snRNA、核酶、四類糖Tograspfirmly:conceptofthecell,majordifferencesamongprokaryoticcells(mycoplasma,bacteria,archaebacteria),eukaryoticcelland,compositionandfunctionofsmallbiologicalmolecules,chemicalcompositionofnucleicacids,polymerizationofacids,typesofnucleicacids,DNAdoublehelixmodel,basepairingrule,molecularstructureandfeatureofmRNA,typesofrRNAanditsstructure,tRNAstructure,basiccompositionofaminoacid,primary,secondary,tertiarystructure,Quaternarystructure,proteinphorsphorylationanddephorsphorylation,threecharacteristicsofenzyme,existingformofsugarincellsurface,twolinkagemodeofsugarandprotein,majorfunctionofsugarchainincellsurface.Tobefamiliarwith:structuredifferencesamongprokaryoticcells(mycoplasma,bacteria,archaebacteria),eukaryoticcelland,typesofglycolipidsincellsurface,originandevolutionofcell,Millerexperimentthatmocktheoriginoflife,acidandalkalineaminoacid,proteinstructure.Toknowgenerally:mechanismofmiRNAandsiRNA,conceptofsnRNA,piRNA,ribozyme,typesofglycolipids重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)Keyanddifficult重點(diǎn)：細(xì)胞的分子基礎(chǔ)，DNA難點(diǎn)：細(xì)胞的分子基礎(chǔ)，RNAKeyPoints:molecularbasisofcell,DNADifficultpoints:molecularbasisofcell,molecularstructureandtypesof胞膜與物質(zhì)的穿膜Chapter4.Thecellmembraneandtrans-membranetransportof教學(xué)內(nèi)容Teachingcontents(4學(xué)時(shí),4Classhours;實(shí)驗(yàn)：3學(xué)時(shí),Experiment:3class小分子物質(zhì)和離子的穿膜Chemicalcompositionofcellmembraneanditsbiologicalcharacteristics大分子和顆粒物質(zhì)的穿膜Trans-membranetransportofsmallmoleculesand細(xì)胞表面特化結(jié)構(gòu)SpecializedstructuresincellDysfunctionofcellmembraneanditsrelating教學(xué)要求Teaching白與脂雙層結(jié)合方式分為哪3類及其與膜脂結(jié)合方式，膜不對(duì)稱的3個(gè)方面，膜脂分子能4種功能，糖蛋白與糖脂中低聚糖側(cè)鏈的功能，膜蛋白的運(yùn)動(dòng)性，細(xì)胞膜的流動(dòng)鑲2種形式。了解：構(gòu)成膜糖的單糖類型，細(xì)胞膜的片層結(jié)構(gòu)模型和單位膜結(jié)構(gòu)模型，3類運(yùn)Tograspfirmly:componentsofcellmembrane,3typesoflipidsincellmembrane,ratioandtypesofphospholipids,distributionofsphingomyelininneuralcellmembrane,functionofcholesterolincellmembrane,distributionofsugarlipidsincellmembrane,nameoftypesofmembraneproteinsbasedontheirmodeofinteractionwithlipids,distributionandeffectofsialicacidoncellmembrane,theasymmetryofcellularmembrane,movementmodesforlipids,influencefactorsformembranemobility,simplediffusionandtherelatingmolecules,passivetransportanditsrelatingproteins,carrierproteinmediatedfacilitateddiffusion,activetransportanditscharacteristics,receptormediatedendocytosis.Tobefamiliarwith:typesofglycerolphospholipid,thesimplestandcomplicatedglycolipids,proteinfunctionincellularmembrane,thefunctionofsugarchaininglycoproteinandglycolipids,motilityofproteinincellularmembrane,fluidmosaicmodelofcelllularmembrane,characteristicsofchannelprotein,endocytosisandexocytosis.Toknowgenerally:sugartypesincellularmembrane,otherproposedmodelsofcellularmembraneinadditiontothefluidmosaicmodel,channelproteinsinpassivetransport,specializedstructuresoncellsurface,conceptofcellularmembrane,extracellularmatrixandtheirfunction,dysfunctionofcarrierproteinanditsrelatingdisease,dysfunctionofchannelproteinanditsrelatingdisease,dysfunctionofreceptoranditsrelatingdisease.重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)Keyanddifficult跨膜。難點(diǎn)：小分子物質(zhì)的跨膜，大分子和顆粒物質(zhì)的跨膜KeyPoints:chemicalcompositionandmolecularstructureofcellularmembrane,trans-membranetransportofsmallmolecules,macro-moleculesandparticles.Difficultpoints:trans-membranetransportofsmallmolecules,macro-moleculesand第五章細(xì)胞的內(nèi)膜系統(tǒng)與囊泡轉(zhuǎn)Chapter5.Cellmembranesystemandvesicle教學(xué)內(nèi)容Teachingcontents5.5學(xué)時(shí)5.5Class1)內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)oplasmicreticulum2)復(fù)合體Golgi溶酶體過氧化物酶體Vesicleandvesicle細(xì)胞內(nèi)膜系統(tǒng)與醫(yī)學(xué)的關(guān)系Relationshipbetweencellmembranesystemandmedical教學(xué)要求Teaching膜糖蛋白具有高度同源性，過氧化物酶體的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，囊泡類型。膜駐留蛋白的與轉(zhuǎn)移，復(fù)合體的發(fā)現(xiàn)，復(fù)合體膜的基本成分，溶酶體的發(fā)現(xiàn)，過氧化物酶體的發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)生，內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)的病理變化，復(fù)合體的病理形態(tài)變化，Tograspfirmly:theconceptofcellularmembranesystem,oplasmicreticulum(ER)accountsforthemajorformofcellularendo-membranesystem,typicalenzymeinER,ERmorphologyandstructure,rERfunction,signalpeptideandsignalpeptidehypothesis,sERfunction,DetoxificationmechanismofrER,threetypesofvesiclesingolgicomplex,polarityofgolgicomplex,typicalenzymesingolgicomplex,functionofgolgicomplex,functionoflysosome,typicalenzymesinlysosome,classificationoflysosomesbasedontheoriginandfunction,functionofperoxysome,typicalenzymesinperoxysome,functionofcopiandcopiiTobefamiliarwith:3typesofproteinsinER,signalpeptidesofproteinsretainedinER,glycosylationprocessinrER,proteintransportwithincellendo-membranesystemS,lipidsynthesisinERmembranesystemandlipidtransportfromERtoothercellendo-membranesystem,proteincomplexingolgicomplex,proteincharacteristicinlysosome,structureofperoxysome,typesofvesicles.Toknowgenerally:thediscoveryhistoryofER,specializedstructureofER,detailedmechanismofsignalpeptidefunctioninproteinsretainedinER,thediscoveryofgolgicomplex,distributionofgolgicomplexindifferenttypesofcells,lipidsingolgi,discoveryoflysosome,peroxysome,originofperoxysome,dysfunctionofER,golgicomplexrelatingdisease,vesiclestransportmechanism.重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)Keyanddifficult重點(diǎn)：內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)，復(fù)合體，溶酶體，囊泡與囊泡轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。KeyPoints:ER,golgicomplex,lysosome,vesiclestransport.Difficultpoints:ER,lysosome.第六章線粒體與細(xì)胞的能量轉(zhuǎn)Chapter6.MitochondrionandEnergy教學(xué)內(nèi)容Teachingcontents4學(xué)時(shí)4Class線粒體的基本特征Basiccharacteristicsofthe細(xì)胞呼吸與能量轉(zhuǎn)換cellularrespirationandenergyenergy線粒體與人類學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)研究mitochondrionandanthropology教學(xué)要求Teaching掌握：線粒體的超微結(jié)構(gòu)、化學(xué)組成及作用，酸的分解，三的作用；氧化學(xué)滲透假說的主要內(nèi)容，基粒的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能，ATP的合成機(jī)制，能量轉(zhuǎn)換的效率，細(xì)胞Tograspfirmly:thestructure,chemicalcompositionandfunctionofmitochondrion;thepositionofpyruvate;theroleofcitricacidcycle;themolecularstructure,functionandmachanismoftheoxidativephosphorylation;electrontransportrespiratorychain;themaincontentofchemiosmoticcouplinghypothesis;thestructure,functionandmechanismofelementaryparticle/ATPase;theefficiencyofenergyconversion;themainprocesseslocationsofcellularTobefamiliarwith:themarkerenzymesofoutmembrane,innermembrane,intermembranespaceandmatrix;theinfluenceonmorphologyandamountofmitochondrion;thegeneticsystemandsemi-autonomousofmitochondrion;thetransportofmitochondrionproteinfromnucleus;molecularchaperone.Toknowgenerally:thechemicalcompositionofmitochondrion;precursorprotein;mtDNAgenome;glycolysis;citricacidcycle;thefeatureofmitochondrialdisease.重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)KeyanddifficultKeyPoints:thestructureandenergyconversionofDifficultpoints:electrontransportrespiratorychain;oxidativephosphorylation;thebindingchangemechanismforATPsynthase.胞骨架與細(xì)胞的運(yùn)Chapter7.Cytoskeletonandcell教學(xué)內(nèi)容Teachingcontents(3學(xué)時(shí),3Classhours;實(shí)驗(yàn)：3學(xué)時(shí),Experiment:3class微管微絲intermediatecytoskeletonandcell細(xì)胞骨架與疾病cytoskeletonand教學(xué)要求Teaching管的功能，馬達(dá)蛋白分為哪3個(gè)，肌動(dòng)蛋白與微絲的結(jié)構(gòu)，微絲結(jié)合蛋白的分類及其3（，微管的體外裝配，微管的體內(nèi)裝配，微管的驅(qū)動(dòng)蛋白與動(dòng)力蛋白的間絲的組裝特點(diǎn)，中間絲的裝配與調(diào)節(jié)。Tograspfirmly:theconcept,distributionandfunctionofcytoskeleton;thestructuresoftubulinandmicrotubule;theconceptsofMTOCgamma-tubulinringcomplexandcentrosome;dynamicinstabilityandtreadmillingofmicrotubule;thefunctionofmicrotubule;thecategoriesofmotorprotein;thestructuresofactinandmicrofilament;thecategoriesandfunctionsofactinbindingprotein;thefunctionofmicrofilament;thestructure,categoriesandfunctionofintermediatefilament.Tobefamiliarwith:theconcept,categories,distributionandfunctionofmicrotubuleassociatedprotein;threephasesofmicrotubuleassembly(nucleationphase,transportdirectionsandfeaturesofkinesinanddynein;microfilamentassembly;dynamicinstabilityandtreadmillingofmicrofilament;thefeaturesandregulationofintermediatefilamentassembly.Toknowgenerally:theinfluenceofmicrotubuleassemblyanddepolymerization;theinfluenceofmicrofilamentassembly;themolecularbasisofmusclecontraction;thediscoveringandnamingofintermediatefilament;themechanismofcellmotility;intermediatefilamentwithcancer,nervoussystemdiseaseandgeneticdisease.重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)KeyanddifficultKeyPoints:thestructures,assemblyandfunctionofmicrotubuleandmicrofilament.Difficultpoints:microtubuleassemblyandtreadmilling.胞Chapter8.教學(xué)內(nèi)容Teachingcontents(5.5學(xué)時(shí),5.5Classhours;實(shí)驗(yàn)：3學(xué)時(shí),Experiment:3classhours)核膜nuclear染色質(zhì)與chromatinand核仁核基質(zhì)nuclear細(xì)胞核的功能thefunctionof細(xì)胞核與疾病nucleusand教學(xué)要求Teaching了解：人類分組；特殊類型的，命名規(guī)則；核仁周期；細(xì)胞核與Tograspfirmly:thestructure,chemicalcompositionandroleofnuclearmembrane;thestructureandfunctionofnuclearporecomplex;theconceptandroleofnuclearlocalizationsignal;theconceptofnuclearlamina;theconceptandchemicalcompositionofchromatin;therolesofhistoneandnonhistoneproteins;therelationshipanddifferenceofheterochromatinandeuchromatin;themainstructureofnucleosome;thestructureofchromosome;theelementarystructuresofchromosome;thestructureandroleofnucleosome;thefunctionofnucleus.Tobefamiliarwith:thestructureofcentromere-kinetochorecomplex;karyotype;nucleolusorganizingchromosome;theroleofnuclearlamina;thestructureandchemicalcompositionofnuclearskeleton;thechangeofnuclearmembraneduringthecellcycle.Toknowgenerally:humankaryogram;specialtypeofchromosome;namingruleofchromosome;nucleolarcycle;nucleusanddisease.重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)Keyanddifficult難點(diǎn)：染色質(zhì)包裝為的過程KeyPoints:thestructureofnuclearmembrane,nuclearporecomplex,nucleosomeandnucleolus;chromatinandchromosome.Difficultpoints:theprocessofchromosome胞連接與細(xì)胞粘Chapter10.Celljunctionandcell教學(xué)內(nèi)容Teachingcontents(3學(xué)時(shí)3Class細(xì)胞連接Cell細(xì)胞粘附Cell教學(xué)要求Teaching方式，免疫球蛋白超概念，免疫球蛋白超黏附分子的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能。2天皰瘡的病因，鈣粘素與疾病，免疫球蛋白超黏附分子與醫(yī)學(xué)，整聯(lián)蛋白與醫(yī)學(xué)。Tograspfirmly:theconceptandcategoriesofcelljunctions;thelocation,structureandfunctionoftightjunction;theconceptandtwotypesofanchoringjunction;structuralproteinsofanchoringjunction;theconceptofadheringjunction;thetransmembraneadhesionproteinforadhesionbeltandfocaladhesion;locationofadhesionbeltandfocaladhesion;theconceptofdesmosomejunction;locationofdesmosomejunction;thetransmembraneadhesionproteinforhemidesmosome;mainfunctionsofhemidesmosome;theconceptofcommunicatingjunction;twotypesofcommunicatingjunctioninanimals;twotypesofgapjunction;synapse;thestructureandlocationofgapjunction;thebasiccomponentofgapjunction(connexon);theconceptandroleofcelladhesion;fourtypesofcelladhesionmolecules;thestructuralsofcelladhesionmolecules;thestructureandfunctionofcadherin.Tobefamiliarwith:intracellularanchorproteinsofadhesionbeltandfocaladhesion;thestructureofdesmosomalplaque;threewaysofcelladhesionmoleculestomediatecellrecognitionandadhesion;themolecularstructure,functionandfamilymembersofselectin;thestructureandfunctionofimmunoglobin-superfamily.Toknowgenerally:pathogenicreasonsforpemphigusandbullouspemphigoid;therelationshipbetweencadherin,immunoglobin-superfamily,andintegrinanddiseases.重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)KeyanddifficultKeyPoints:typesofcelljunctions;celladhesionmoleculesandcelladhesion.Difficultpoints:characteristicsofcelljunctionsandcelladhesion.第十一章細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)及其與細(xì)胞的相互Chapter11.Extracellularmatrixandcell-cell教學(xué)內(nèi)容Teachingcontents(3學(xué)時(shí)3Class細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的主要組分Maincomponentsofextracellular基膜與整聯(lián)蛋白Basallaminaand細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)與細(xì)胞的相互作用Extracellularmatrixandcell-cell教學(xué)要求TeachingTograspfirmly:conceptsandcategoriesofextracellularmatrix;thestructureofglycosaminoglycan;sixtypesofglycosaminoglycan;structuralcharacteristicsofhyaluronicacid;molecularstructureofproteoglycan;molecularstructureofcollagen;thesynthesis,installationanddegradationofcollagen;thefunctionofelastin;thecommoncharacteristicsofnon-collagenglycoproteinsinextracellularmatrix;thestructureandtwoformsoffibronectin;thestructureoflaminin;theconceptandbiologicalfunctionofbasallamina.Tobefamiliarwith:theframeworkofextracellularmatrix;thesynthesisandinstallationofproteoglycaninendoplasmicreticulum;themaincharacteristicsofproteoglycan;molecularstructureofelastin;thecompositionofelasticfiber;locationofbasallamina;thecomponentsofbasallamina.Toknowgenerally:celltypesthatcansynthesizeandsecretcollagen;extracellularmatrixandcell-cellinteraction;extracellularmatrixanddiseases.重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)KeyanddifficultKeyPoints:maincomponentsofextracellularDifficultpoints:maincomponentsofextracellularmatrix;installationofcollagen第十二章胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)Chapter12.Cellsignal教學(xué)內(nèi)容Teachingcontents(3學(xué)時(shí)3ClassKeymoleculesinsignal細(xì)胞內(nèi)主要的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路Importantsignaltransduction信號(hào)通路的整合與調(diào)控Integrationandregulationofsignaltransduction信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與人類疾病Signaltransductionpathwaysandhuman教學(xué)要求TeachingTograspfirmly:conceptsoffirstmessenger,secondmessengerandreceptor;thenatureandcategoriesofreceptor;cellsurfacereceptorandintracellularreceptor;molecularswitchesinsignaltransduction;conceptsofproteinphosphorylation,proteinkinaseandproteinphosphatase;theworkingmodelofGTPbindingproteins;namesofcommonsecondmessengers;importantsignaltransductionpathwaysincells;functionsofthemainsignalpathwaysmediatedbyGprotein-coupledreceptor;maineffectorsofGprotein-coupledreceptor;fourtypesofenzyme-linkedreceptormediatedsignalpathways;commoncharacteristicsofsignalTobefamiliarwith:conceptsofautocrine,paracrineandendocrine;proteolysisrelatedsignalpathways;signalpathwaysmediatedbyintracellularreceptors;signaltransductionToknowgenerally:adaptorprotein;integrationofsignalpathwaynetworks;cellularresponsetoextracellularsignals;signaltransductionanddiseases.重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)Keyanddifficult活蛋白激酶C。KeyPoints:categoriesandfunctioningmechanismofreceptors;mainsignaltransductionpathwaysinsidecells.Difficultpoints:Gprotein-coupledreceptorsactivateorinhibitadenylatecyclaseandregulatecellmetabolism;Gprotein-coupledreceptorsactivateproteinkinaseC.第十三章細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞周Chapter13.Celldivisionandcell教學(xué)內(nèi)容Teachingcontents(4學(xué)時(shí),4Classhours;實(shí)驗(yàn)：6學(xué)時(shí),Experiment:6class細(xì)胞cell細(xì)胞周期cell細(xì)胞周期的調(diào)控theregulationofcell細(xì)胞周期與醫(yī)學(xué)cellcycleand教學(xué)要求Teaching蛋白依賴性激酶概念，Cyclin-Cdk復(fù)合物是細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控體系的，Cdk激酶抑制物，熟悉：MPF的發(fā)現(xiàn)和命名，重組節(jié)，減數(shù)的意義，細(xì)胞周期蛋白多通過泛素化了解：有絲的變異形式--封閉式有絲，無絲的概念和特征，泛素化降解機(jī)制，細(xì)胞減數(shù)及其調(diào)控，癌和抑癌在細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控中的作用，細(xì)胞周Tograspfirmly:theconcept,significance,stagingandcharacteristicofmitosis;theconceptsofmitoticapparatus,meiosis,synaptonemalcomplexand binationnodule;thechangesinprophaseofmeiosisI;similaritiesanddifferencesbetweenmitosisandmeiosis;theconceptandstagingofcellcycle;theconceptsofcyclinandcyclin-independentkinase;cyclin-cdkisthecoreoftheregulationofcellcycle;cdkinhibitorprotein;theregulatefactorsofcellcycle;theconcept,categoriesandfunctionofcellcyclecheckpoint.Tobefamiliarwith:thediscoveringandnamingofMPF; binationnodule;thesignificanceofmeiosis;theubiquitinationofcyclin.Toknowgenerally:closedmitosis;theconceptandcharacteristicofamitosis;themechanismofubiquitination;meiosisofoocyteanditsregulation;theroleofoncogeneandanti-oncogeneintheregulationofcellcycle;therelationshipofcellcycleandmedicine.重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)Keyanddifficult重點(diǎn)：細(xì)胞的方式，細(xì)胞各個(gè)時(shí)期的特點(diǎn)。KeyPoints:themannerofcelldivision;thecharacteristicsofthephasesofcelldivision.Difficultpoints:cellcycleandtheregulationofcellcycle.第十五章胞Chapter11.Cell教學(xué)內(nèi)容Teachingcontents(4學(xué)時(shí)4Class細(xì)胞分化的基本概念theconceptofcell細(xì)胞分化的分子基礎(chǔ)themolecularbasisofcell細(xì)胞分化的影響因素theinfluencefactorsofcell細(xì)胞分化的醫(yī)學(xué)意義themedicalsignificanceofcell教學(xué)要求Teaching胚層，細(xì)胞決定的概念，細(xì)胞分化的表達(dá)調(diào)控，研究細(xì)胞分化機(jī)制的經(jīng)典實(shí)驗(yàn)，效應(yīng)和父體效應(yīng)，胚胎誘導(dǎo)的概念方式，旁分泌因子的四個(gè)主要及其重編程，小RNA的種類及其與細(xì)胞分化的關(guān)系，去分化和轉(zhuǎn)分化，同源異型框的概作用，組印跡的概念，細(xì)胞分化的醫(yī)學(xué)意義。Tograspfirmly:theconcept,characteristics,molecularbasis,universalruleandinfluenceofcelldifferentiation;thethreeprimarygermlayersofananimalembryo;theconceptofcelldetermination;theregulationofgeneexpressionofcelldifferentiation;theclassicalexperimentofcelldifferentiation;maternaleffectgeneandpaternaleffectgene;theconceptandimplementationofembryonicinduction;thecategoriesandeffectsofparacrinefactors.Tobefamiliarwith:theconceptsoftotipotency,multipotency,unipotencyandcellline;embryonicstemcell;inducedpluripotencystemcell;cellularreprogramming;thecategoriesofmiRNA;therelationshipofmiRNAandcelldifferentiation;dedifferentiationandtransdifferention;theconceptandfunctionofhomeoboxgene.Toknowgenerally:twoinfluencesofcelldetermination;theexceptionsofcelldifferentiation;theroleofchromatincovalentmodificationingenetranscription;theconceptofgeneimprinting;themedicalsignificanceofcelldifferentiation.重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)KeyanddifficultKeyPoints:theconceptandinfluenceofcelldifferentiationDifficultpoints:themolecularbasisofcelldifferentiation.第十六章胞Chapter16.Cellsenescenceandcell教學(xué)內(nèi)容Teachingcontents(3學(xué)時(shí)3Class細(xì)胞衰老Cell細(xì)胞的Cell教學(xué)要求Teaching掌握：細(xì)胞衰老的概念，機(jī)老的概念，細(xì)胞衰老的形態(tài)變化，不育細(xì)胞群、暫熟悉：細(xì)胞衰老和機(jī)老的關(guān)系，Hayflick界限學(xué)說，端粒的概念和功能，哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞的凋亡相關(guān)及其功能。Tograspfirmly:theconceptsofcellsenescenceandbodyaging,morphologicalchangescausedbycellsenescence;theconceptsofinfertilecellpopulation,temporaryundividingcellpopulation,andadultstemcells;therelationshipbetweencellsenescence,proliferationabilityanddifferentiationstatus;importantmodelsforstudyingcellsenescence;changesincellmorphology,structureandmetabolismofsenescentcells;therelationshipbetweencellsenescenceandmembranesystemchanges;themechanismandtheoriesofcellsenescence;categoriesofcellsenescence-relatedgenes;affectingfactorsofadultstemcellsenescence;twotypesof