python學(xué)習(xí)手冊(cè)教程 課程實(shí)驗(yàn)

2.在IDLE中編碼執(zhí)行下列代碼數(shù)字類型例子>>>importmath>>>math.pi3.1415926535897931>>>math,sqrt(121)11.0>>>importrandom>>>random.random()0.1976304621238707>>>random.choice([l,3,5,7,ll,13]);3.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于字符串類型操作例子>>>s="spam">>>len(s)4.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于字符串索引操作例子>>>s="spam"?>s[l]P>>>s[-1]'m'5,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于字符串索引分片提取操作例子>>>s="spam”?>s[l:3]'pa'>>>6.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于字符串變量重新賦值操作例子>>>s'spam'>>>s='z'+s[l:]>>>s'zpam'7,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于尋求幫助的操作例子>>>help(s.lower)Helponbuilt-infunctionlower:lower(...)S.lower()->stringReturnacopyofthestringSconvertedtolowercase.>>>8,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于字符串匹配模式的例子>>>importre>>>match二re.match('Hello[\t]*(*)world','Hello Pythonworld')>>>match.group(l)Python'>>>>>>match=re.match(7(*)/(*)/(*)',7usr/home/luberjack')>>>match.groupsQ('usr','home','luberjack')?>L二口23,'spam」."]>>>len(L)3?>L[0]123>>>L[：-l][123,'spam']?>L+[4,5,6][123,'spam；1.1200000000000001,4,5,6]>>>L[123,'spam；1.1200000000000001]?>L[123,'spam',1.1200000000000001]>>>L.append('NI')?>L[123,'spam；1.1200000000000001,'Nl']>>>Lpop(2)11200000000000001>>>L[123,'spam；'Nl']>>>M=f'bb'/aa'.'cc']>>>M.sortQ>>>M['aa','bb',"cc']>>>M.reverse。>>>M['cc\'bb\'aa']?>L[123,'spam',*Nr]?>L[99]Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):File"<pyshell#84>",line1,in<module>L[99]IndexError:listindexoutofrange?>L[99]=lTraceback(mostrecentcalllast):File"<pyshell#85>"tline1,in<module>L[99]=lIndexError:listassignmentindexoutofrange>>>?>M=[[l,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]>>>M[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]?>M[l][4,5,6]?>M[l][l]5>>>M[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]>>>cols=[row⑴forrowinM]>>>cols[2,5,8]>>>[row[l]+lforrowinM][3,6,9]>>>[row[l]forrowinMifrow[l]%2==0][2,8]?>diag=[M[i][i]foriin[0,1,2]]>>>diag[1,5,9]>>>doubles=[c*2forcin'spam']>>>doubles['ss','pp','aa','mm'].在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于字典創(chuàng)建和使用的例子>>>D={'food':'spam','quantity':4,'color':'pink'}>>>D{'food':'spam','color':'pink','quantity':4)?>D['food']'spam'>>>D={'food':'spam?quantity':4,'color':'pink'}>>>D['quantity']+=1>>>D['quantity']5>>>D{'food':'spam','color':'pink','quantity':5}>>>D={}>>>D['name']=,Bob,>>>D['age']=40>>>D{'age':40,'name':'Bob'}.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于創(chuàng)建和使用嵌套字典的例子>>>rec={'name,:{'first':'Bob7last,:'Smith'},'job,:[,dev7mgr,],'age,:40.5}>>>rec{'age':40.5,'job':['dev','mgr'],'name':{'last':'Smith','first':'Bob'}}>>>rec['name']{'last':'Smith','first':'Bob')>>>rec['name']「last'],Smith,>>>rec['job1][-l],mgr,>>>rec['job'].append('janitor')>>>rec{"age':40.5,'job':['dev','mgr','janitor'],'name':{'last':'Smith','first':'Bob'}}4,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于使用for循環(huán)對(duì)字典進(jìn)行排序的例子?>D={'a'：L'b':2,'c':3}>>>D{'a':1,'c':3,'b':2}>>>Ks=D.keys()>>>Ks['a','c','b']>>>Ks.sort()>>>Ks['a\'b;'c']>>>forkeyinKs:printkey,'=>>,D[key]a=>1b=>2c=>3>>>D{'a':1,'c':3,b:2}>>>forkeyinsorted(D):printkey,'=>,,D[key]a=>1b=>2c=>35,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于使用for循環(huán)操作字符串例子>>>forcin'spam*:printc.upper()SPAM6.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于迭代和優(yōu)化例子>>>squares=[x**2forxin[l,2,3,4,5]]>>>squares[1,4,9,16,25]>>>squares二口>>>forxin[1,2,3,4,5]:squares.append(x**2)>>>squares[1,4,9,16,25]7,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于字典不存在的鍵的測(cè)試操作例子>>>D{'a':1,'c':3,'b':2}?>D[,e']=99>>>D{'a':1,'c':3,'b':2,'e':99}?>D[,f']Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):File,,<pyshell#39>,,1line1,in<module>D[,f']KeyError:'f,?>D.has_key('f)False>>>ifnotD.has_key('f'):print，字典D中不包含鍵為f的值’字典D中不包含鍵為f的值8.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于元組創(chuàng)建和使用的例子?>T=(l,2,3,4)>>>len(T)4?>T+(4,5)(1,2,3,4,4,5)?>T[0]1?>T[0]=2Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):File"<pyshell#48>"tline1,in<module>T[0]=2TypeError:'tuple'objectdoesnotsupportitemassignment.在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于文件操作的例子>>>f=open('data.txt',,w,)>>>f.write('hello\n')>>>f.write('world\n')>>>f.close()>>>f=open('data.txt')?>f<openfile'data.txt',modeT'at0x011D6910>>>>bytes=f.read。>>>bytes'hello\nworld\n,>>>printbyteshelloworld>>>bytes.splitQ['hello','world']在安裝Python默認(rèn)路徑下會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)data.txt的文件,.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于創(chuàng)建和使用集合的例子>>>X=set('spam')?>Y=set([,h,,'a','m'])>?X.Y(set(['a','p','s',"m']),set(['a','h','m']))?>X&Y #交運(yùn)算set(['a','m'])?>X|Y #并運(yùn)算set(['a','p；'s','h',,m'])?>X-Y #差運(yùn)算set(['p','s'])4,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于使用Decimal小數(shù)對(duì)象的例子>>>0.10.10000000000000001>>>0.1+11.1000000000000001>>>importdecimal>>>d=decimal.Decimal(Ql')>>>d+1Decimal('l.l').繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于使用布爾類型對(duì)象例子(False,True)>>>bool('spam')True.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于None類型例子>>>X=None>>>printXNone>>>L=[None]*5>>>L[None,None,None,None,None]>>>type(L)>>>type(type(L))<type'type'>.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于對(duì)象類型檢查測(cè)試的例子?>L[None,None,None,None,None]>>>iftype(L)==type(Q):print"yes"yes>>>iftype(L)==list:print'yes'yes>>>ifisinstance(LJist):print'yes'yes8,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于類創(chuàng)建和類的實(shí)例創(chuàng)建的例子>>>classWorker:def_init_(self,name,pay):=nameself.pay=paydeflastName(self):return.split()[-l]defgiveRaise(self,percent):self.pay*=(1.0+percent)>>>bob=Worker('BobSmith,,50000)>>>sue=Worker('sueJones,,60000)>>>bob.lastNameQ,Smith,>>>sue.lastName()'Jones'>>>sue.giveRaise(.lO)>>>sue.pay66000.0在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于數(shù)字變量和基本表達(dá)式的例子在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于數(shù)字變量和基本表達(dá)式的例子>>>a=3>>>b=4>>>a+l,a-l(4,2)>>>b*3,b/2(12.2)>>>a%2,b**2(1.16)>>>2+4,0,2.0**b(6.0,16.0)>>b/2+a5>>printb/(2.0+a)0.8>>c*2Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):FileH<pyshell#8>",line1,in<module>c*2NameError:name'c'isnotdefined12.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于數(shù)字顯示格式的例子>>>b,a(4,3)?>b/(2.0+a)0.80000000000000004?>1/2.0>>>printb/(2.0+a)0.8>>>num=l/3.0>>>num0.33333333333333331>>>printnum0.333333333333>>>'%e'%num,3.333333e-01,>>>,%2,2f'%num'0.33'>>>repr(num),0.33333333333333331,>>>str(num),0.333333333333,4.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)除法、Floor除法和真除法的例子>?(5/2),(5/2.0),(5/-2.0),(5/-2)(2,2.5,-2.5,-3)?>(5//2),(5//2.0),(5//-2.0),(5//-2)(2,2.0,-3.0,-3)?>(9/3),(9,0/3),(9//3),(9//3.0)(3,3.0,3,3.0)>>>from_future_importdivision?>(5/2),(5/2.0),(5/-2.0),(5/-2)(2.5,2.5,-2.5,-2.5)?>(5//2),(5//2.0),(5//-2.0),(5//-2)?>(9/3),(9.0/3),(9//3),(9//3.0)(3.0,3,0,3,3.0)>>>5.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于位操作例子>>>X=1#00000001>>>x<<2#000001004>>>x|2#000000113>>>x&3#000000011.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于長(zhǎng)整型數(shù)字例子?>99999999999999999999999999999999+1100000000000000000000000000000000L>>>2L**2001606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376L>>>2**2001606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376L.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于復(fù)數(shù)例子?>lj*lJ(-l+0j)>>>2+lj*3(2+3j)?>(2+lj)*3.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于十六進(jìn)制和八進(jìn)制記數(shù)的例子?>01,010,0100(1,8,64)>>>0x01,0x10,Oxff(1,16,255)>>>oct(64),hex(64),hex(255)('0100',,0x40','Oxff')?>int('0100)int(S00',8),int('0x40',16)(100,64,64)?>eval('100)eval(S00)eval('0x40')(100,64,64)?>"%o%x%X"%(64,64,255),10040FF'.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于其他內(nèi)置數(shù)學(xué)工具的例子>>>math.pi.math.e(3.1415926535897931,2.7182818284590451)>>>math.sin(2*math.pi/180)0.034899496702500969>>>math.sqrt(144),math.sqrt(2)(12.0,1.4142135623730951)>>>abs(-42),2**4,pow(2,4)(42,16,16)>>>int(2.567),round(2.567),round(2.567,2)(2,3.0,2.5699999999999998)>>>importrandom>>>random.random()0.031193863487957163>>random.randint(l,10)2>>random.randint(l,10)10>>random.randint(l,10)7>>>random.choice([,aaa','bbb','ccc','ddd,])'bbb'>>>random.choiceCCaaa'.'bbb'/ccc'/ddd'])'ccc"0.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于小數(shù)數(shù)字的例子>>>0.1+0.1+0.10.30000000000000004>>>print0.1+0.1+0.1-0.35.55111512313e-17>>>fromdecimalimportDecimal?>Decimal(Ql')+Decimal(Qr)+Decimal(Qr)-Decimal('03)Decimal('O.O')?>Decimal(Ql')+Decimal(Q10')+Decimal(Q10')-Decimal(Q30')DecimalCO.OO')?>Decimal('l')/Decimal(7*)Decimal('0.14285714285714285714285714291)>>>y=set('bdxyz')>>>xset(['a',?c；'b','e','d1])>>>'e'inxTrue>>>x-yset(ra','c','e'])>>>x|yset(['a','c;'b;'e;'d',y,'x','z'])>>>x&yset(['b',(d'])>>>engineers=set(['bob',,sue','ann,,,vic,])>>>managers=set(「tom','sue'])>>>engineers&managersset(['sue'])>>>engineers|managersse^t'vic','sue','tom','bob',"ann'])>>>engineers-managersset(['vic','bob','ann']).在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于變量聲明賦值類型的例子>>>a=3>>>a='spam'>>>a=1.23>>>a+=l>>>a.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于共享引用和修改查看的例子>>>Ll=[2,3,4]?>L2=L1?>L1⑼=24?>LI[24,3,4]?>L2[24,3,4]?>L1=[2,3,4]?>L2=L1[:]?>Ll[0]=24?>LI[24,3,4]?>L2[2,3,4]>>>importcopy?>Y=[123]>>>X=copy.copy(Y)?>X>>>C[1,2,3]4.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于變量測(cè)試相等的例子?>L=[l,2.3]>>>M=L>>>L==MTrue>>>LisMTrue?>L=[l,2,3]?>M=[l,2,3]>>>L==MTrue>>>LisMFalse?>X=42?>Y=42?>X==YTrue?>XisYTrue>>>importsys>>>sys.getrefcount(42)17. 在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于字符串常量的例子>>>'shrubbery',"shrubbery"('shrubbery*,'shrubbery')?>'knight”s/knight's"('knight's',"knight's")>>>title="Meangin"'of'"Life">>>title,MeanginofLife'>>>'knightVs'/'knightV's"("knight's",'knighfs')>>>s='a\nb\tc,>>>s'a\nb\tc,>>>printsabc>>>len(s)5>>>s="a\0b\0c'>>>s'a\x00b\x00c,>>>len(s)5>>>x="c:\py\code”>>>x'c:\\py\\code'>>>len(x)>>>myfile=open(r'C:\new\text.dat','w,)>>>path=r'C:\new\text.dat'>>>path'C:\\new\\text.dat'>>>printpathC:\new\text.dat>>>len(path)15.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于三重引號(hào)的塊字符串常量的例子>>>matra="""Alwayslook...onthebrighr...sideoflife.…>>>matra'Alwayslook\n...onthebrighr\n...sideoflife.,>>>.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于Unicode字符串常量的例子>>>u'spam'u'spam,>>>'ni'+u'spam'u'nispam'>>>str(u'spam')'spam'>>>unicodeCspam1)u'spam'>>>6,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的字符串的例子>>>len('abc')>>>'abc'+'def',abcdef''Ni!Ni!Ni!Ni!'>>>print'J*30>>>myjob="hacker”>>>forcinmyjob:printc>>>>>>"k"inmyjobTrue>>>'z'inmyjobFalse.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于字符串索引和分片的例子>>>s='abcdefghijklmnop'?>s[l:10:2]'bdfhj'>>>s[::2]'acegikmo',pnljhfdb,>>>s='hello'>>>s[::-l],olleh'>>>s='abcedfg'>>>s[5:l:-l]'fdec'.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于字符串轉(zhuǎn)換工具的例子?>int('42'),str(42)(42,'42')?>repr(42),,42,('42\'42')?>'42、'42'?>repr(42),'42'('42<42')>>>s="42">>>i=l>>>s+iTraceback(mostrecentcalllast):File"<pyshell#63>"tline1,in<module>s+iTypeError:cannotconcatenate'str'and'int'objects>>>int(s)+i43>>>s+str(i)'421'?>str(2.1415),floatC1.5')(21415、1.5)?>text='1.234E-10,>>>float(text)1.2340000000000001e-10>?str(2.1415),floatC1.5')(,2.1415,,1.5)?>text='1.234E-10'>>>float(text)1.2340000000000001e-10?>s=5>>>s=chr(ord(s)+l)>>>s6*>>>B="11O1'>>1=0>>whileB:l=l*2+(ord(B[0])-ord(,0'))B=B[1:]?>I139,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于修改字符串的例子>>>S='spam'?>S[0]='s'Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):FileH<pyshell#l>",line1,in<module>S[0]='s'TypeError:'str'objectdoesnotsupportitemassignment?>S=S+nSPAM!">>>s,spamSPAM!'?>S=S[:4]+'Burger'+S[-l]>>>S'spamBurger!,>>>S='splot'>>>S=S.replace('pr,'pamar)>>>S'spamalot'.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于字符串格式化的例子>>>exclamation="Ni">>>"Theknightswhosay%s!"%exclamation,TheknightswhosayNi!'?>"%d%s%dyou"%(1,'spam',4)'1spam4you'?>"%s—%s-%sH%(42,3.14159,[1,2,3]),42-3.14159-[1,2,3]'>>>x=1234>>>res="integers:...%d...%-6d...%06d"%(x,x,x)>>>res,integers:...1234...1234...001234,?>x=1.23456789>>>x1.2345678899999999>>>'%e|%f|%g,%(x,x,x)11.234568e+00|1.234568|1.23457,>>>?>1%-6.2f|%05,2f|%+Of.lf%(x,x,x).繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于字符串方法的例子>>>s='spammy'>>>s=s.replace('mm','xx')>>>s'spaxxy'?>,*aa$bb$cc$dd".replace("$",'SPAM,),aaSPAMbbSPAMccSPAMdd,>>>s='xxxSPAMxxxxSPAMxxxx'?>s.replaceCSPAM'；EGGS')'xxxEGGSxxxxEGGSxxxx'?>s.replace(,SPAM,f,EGGS,,l),xxxEGGSxxxxSPAMxxxx'>>>s='xxxxSPAMxxxxSPAMxxxx,>>>where二s.find('SPAM')>>>where4>>>s=s[:where]+'EGGS'+s[(where+4):]>>>s,xxxxEGGSxxxxSPAMxxxx,>>>s='spammy'>>>L=list⑸?>L00,匕丁m丁m[V]?>L[3]='x'?>L[4]='x,?>L3”,—,y]>>>s=,'".join(L)'spaxxy'>>>'SPAM\joind^eggs','sausage',"ham'/toast']),eggsSPAMsausageSPAMhamSPAMtoast'.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于文本解析的例子>>>line='aaabbbccc'>>>coll=line[0:3]>>>col3=line[8:]>>>coll'aaa'>>>col3'ccc">>>cols=line.split()>>>cols['aaa','bbb','ccc']>>>line="bob,hacker,40'?>line.splitC，')['bob','hacker','40']?>line="i'mSPAMaSPAMLUMBERJACK”>>>line.splitCSPAM')['Tm",'a','LUMBERJACK'].繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于字符串其它方法的例子>>>line="TheknightswhosyNi!\n">>>line.rstrip(),TheknightswhosyNi!'>>>line.upper()#轉(zhuǎn)大寫(xiě),THEKNIGHTSWHOSYNl!\n'>>>line.isalpha()False>>>line.endswith('Ni!\n')True>>>line.find('Ni')!=-lTrue>>>'Ni'inlineTrue>>>sub="Ni!\n">>>line.endswith(sub)True>>>line[-len(sub):]==subTrue20.在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于基本列表操作的例子?>len([l,2,3])3?>[1,2,3]+[4,5,6][1,2,3,4,5,6]?>['Ni!']*4['Ni!','Ni!丁Ni!丁Ni!]?>3in[1,2,3]True>>>forxin[l,2,3]:printx?>str([l,2])+"34,,,[1,2]34'?>[l,2]+list(H34")[1,2,3,4]21.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于列表索引、分片和矩陣的例子?>LY'spamYSpam'JSPAM!”]?>L[2]'SPAM!'?>L[-2]'Spam'?>L[l:]['Spam；'SPAM!']>>>matrix=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]][4,5,6]>>>matrix[l][l]5>>>matrix[2][0]74,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于列表方法調(diào)用的例子?>L=「spam',Spam'「SPAM!”]>>>L[l]='eggs'?>L['spam','eggs','SPAM!']>>>L[0:2]=['eat','more']?>L['eat','more','SPAM!']>>>L.append('please')?>Lfeat','more1,'SPAM!','please']>>>L.sort()?>L['SPAM!','eat\,more'I'please']>>>L.extend([,aaa,,,bbb,])?>L['SPAM!','eat','more','please','aaa','bbb']?>L.pop()'bbb'?>L['SPAM!",'eat','more','please','aaa']?>Lfaaa','please','more；'eat；'SPAM!']5.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于原處修改列表的常見(jiàn)操作的例子?>L['aaa','please；'more','eat','SPAM!']>>>delL[0]?>L['please','more','eat','SPAM!']>>>delL[l:]?>L['please']>>>L=["Already",'got',"one']?>L[l:]=0?>L['Already']>>>L[O]=0?>L[0]>>>23. 在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于字典基本操作的例子>>>d2={,spam':2,'ham,:l,'eggs,:3}>>>d2['spam']2?>d2{'eggs':3,'ham':1,'spam':2}>>>Ien(d2)3>>>d2.has_key('ham')True>>>'ham'ind2True>>>d2.keys()['eggs','ham','spam']24.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于修改原處字典的例子>>>d2]ham]=「grill','bake7fry']?>d2{'eggs':3,'ham':['grill','bake*,'fry'],'spam':2}>>>deld2['eggs']?>d2{'ham':['grill*,'bake','fry1],'spam':2}>>>d2['brunch']='Bacon'?>d2{'brunch':'Bacon','ham':['grill','bake','fry'],'spam':2}4,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于字典的方法的例子>>>d2={'spam'2'ham'：L'eggs':3}>>>d2.values()[3,1,2]>>>d2,items()(eggs=3).('ham；1).('spam；2)]>>>d2,get('spam')2>>>d2.get(ttoast,)>>>d2.get('toast\88)88?>d2{'eggs':3,'ham':lr'spam':2)>>>d3={'toast,:4/muffin':5)>>>d2.update(d3)?>d2{'toast':4,'muffin':5r'eggs':3r'ham':1,'spam':2}>>>d2.pop('muffinr)5>>>d2.pop('toast")4?>d2{'eggs1:3,'ham':1,'spam':2)>>>5.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)例子語(yǔ)言表>>>table=fPython'/GuidovanRossum'.'Perr/LarryWair/Tcl\'JohnOusterhout')>>>language='Python'>>>creator=table[language]>>>creator'GuidovanRossum'>>>forlangintable.keys():printlang,'\t',table[lang]PythonGuidovanRossumTelJohnOusterhoutPerlLarryWall>>>6,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于字典用法的相關(guān)例子>>>matrix=fl>>>matrix[(2,3,4)]=88>>>matrix[(7,8,9)]=99>>>x=2;y=3;z=4>>>matrix[(x,y,z)]88>>>matrix{(2,3,4):88,(7,8,9):99}>>>ifmatrix.has_key((2,3,6)):printmatrix[(2,3,6)]else:print00>>>try:printmatrix[(2,3,6)]exceptKeyError:print0>>>matrix.get((2f3,6)t0)0>>>rec={}>>>rec「name']='mel'>>>rec['age']=45>>>rec[job1二'trainer/writer'>>>rec['name*],mel1>>>dl={rnaine,:,meri,age,:45}?>d2=0>>>d2[,name']=,mer>>>d2[,age']=45>>>d3=dict(name=,mel,1age=45)>>>d4=dict([('name','mer)r('age,,45)])>>>d4{"age':45,'name':'mel'}>>>d3{'age':45,'name':1mel'}.在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于元組基本操作的例子?>(1.2)+(3,4)(1,2,3,4)?>(1,2)*4(1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2)>?T=(1,2,3,4)?>T[0],T[l:3](1.(2,3))>>>x=(40)>>>x40?>y=(40,)>>>y(40,).繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于元組的改變的例子?>T=Ccc'/aa'/dd'/bb')>>>tmp=list(T)>>>tmp.sort()>>>tmp['aa','bb','cc'f'dd']>>>T=tuple(tmp)?>T(aahbb/cc丁dd')?>T=(1,2,3,4I5)>>>L=[x+20forxinT]?>L[21,22,23,24,25]?>T=(l,[2,3].4)>>>T[l]='spam'Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):FileH<pyshell#59>",line1,in<module>T[l]='spam'TypeError:'tuple'objectdoesnotsupportitemassignment?>T(1.['spam',3],4).在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于文件的基本操作的例子>>>myfile=open('myfile','w,)>>>myfile.write('hellotextfile\n')>>>myfile.close()>>>myfile=open('myfile,)>>>myfile.readline();,hellotextfile\n'>>>myfile.readline().繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于在文件中存儲(chǔ)并解析Python對(duì)象的例子>>>x,y,z=43,44,45>>>s='spam'?>D={'a'：L'b':2}?>L=[l,2,3]>>>F=open(,datafile.txt','w')>>>F.write(s+'\n')>>>F.write('%s,%s,%s\n'%(x,y,z))?>F.write(str(L)+'$'+str(D)+'\n,)>>>F.close()>>>bytes=open('datafile.txt').read()>>>bytes"spam\n43,44,45\n[l,2,3]${'a':1,'b':2}\n">>>printbytesspam43,44,45[1,2,3]${'a':1,b:2}>>>F=open('datafile.txt")>>>line=F.readline()>>>line'spam\n'>>>line.rstrip()'spam'>>>line=F.readline。>>>line143,44,45X0,>>>parts=line.splitC/)>>>parts['43','44','45\n']>>>int(parts[l])44>>>numbers=[int(P)forPinparts]>>>numbers[43,44,45]>>>line=F.readline()>>>line"[1,2,3]${'a':1,'b':2}\n">>>parts=line.split('$')>>>parts['[1,2,3]',"{'a':1,'b':2}\n"]>>>eval(parts[O])[1,2,3]>>>objects=[eval(p)forpinparts]>>>objects[[1,2,3],{'a1:l,b:2}]>>>F=openCdatafile.txt'/w')>>>importpickle>>>pickle.dump(D,F)>>>F.closeQ>>>F=open('datafile.txt')>>>E=pickle.load(F)?>E{'a':1,b:2)>>>openCdatafile.txt')jead(),,(dpO\nS'a,\npl\nll\nsS,b,\np2\nl2\ns.">>>D{'a':1,'b':2}>>>5,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于文件中打包二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)與解析的例子>>>F=open(ldata.bin\'wb')>>>importstruct>>>bytes=struct.pack('>i4sh\7,,spam1,8)>>>bytes,\xOO\xOO\xOO\xO7spam\xOO\xO8,>>>F.write(bytes)>>>F.close()>>>F=openCdata.bin'/rb')>>>data=F.read()>>>data,\x00\x00\x00\x07spam\x00\x081>>>values=struct.unpack('>i4sh',data)>>>values32. 在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于對(duì)象靈活性的例子?>L=['abc',[(l,2),([3],4)],5]?>L[l][(1.2).([3],4)]?>L[l][l]([3],4)?>L[l][l][0][3]?>L[l][l][0][0]333.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于引用和拷貝的例子?>L=[1,2,3]?>D={'a':l,'b':2}>>>A=L[:]>>>B=D.copy()?>A[l]=,Ni,>>>B['c']='spam'?>L,D([1,2,3],{'a':1.'b':2})?>A,B([1,'Ni',3],{'a':1,'c':'spam','b':2})4,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于比較、相等性和真值的例子?>Ll=[l，Ca;3)]?>L2=[l,('a1,3)]?>L1==L2,L1isL2(True,False)>>>sl='alongerstring'>>>s2='alongerstring'>>>sl==s2,sliss2(True,False)>>>5.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于內(nèi)置類型陷阱的例子?>L項(xiàng)23]?>M=[,x,,L,Y]>>>M['X,,[1,2,3],Y]>>L[l]=0>>>M['x1,[1,0,3],'Y']?>L=[l,2,3]?>M=['x,,L[:],'Y']>>L[l]=0?>L[1,0,3]>>>M['x;[1,2,3],Y]?>L=[4,5,6]?>X=L*4?>Y=[L]*4?>X[4,5,6,4,5,6,4,5,6,4,5,6]>>>Y[[4,5,6],[4,5,6],[4,5,6],[4,5,6]]>>L[l]=0?>x[4,5,6,4,5,6,4f5,6,4,5,6]>>>Y[[4,0,6],[4,0,6],[4,0,6],[4,0,6]]>>>L=['grair]>>>L.append(L)?>L['grail；[...]]?>T=(l,2,3)?>T(2)=4SyntaxError:can'tassigntofunctioncall?>T=T[:2]+(4,)?>T(1.2.4)>>>35. 在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于Python語(yǔ)句的規(guī)則的例子>>>x=100;y=20>>>ifx>=100and\y<50:print”滿足條件:x>=100andy<5"print'滿足條件的第二行’滿足條件:x>=100andy<5滿足條件的第二行36.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單交互式循環(huán)的例子>>>whileTrue:reply=raw_input('Entertext:')ifreply=="stop':breakprintreply.upper()Entertext:textTEXTEntertext:abcABCEntertext:systemSYSTEMEntertext:stop>>>.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)對(duì)用戶輸入的數(shù)字進(jìn)行求平方的運(yùn)算的例子>>>whileTrue:reply=rawJnput('Enternumber:')ifreply=='stop':breakprintint(reply)**2Enternumber:10100Enternumber:13169Enternumber:stop>>>.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)用測(cè)試輸入數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)處理錯(cuò)誤的例子>>>whileTrue:reply=rawJnput('Entertext:')ifreply二二'stop':breakelifnotreply.isdigit():#不是數(shù)字print'Bad!'*8else:printint(reply)**2Entertext:525Entertext:xyzBad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Entertext:11121Entertext:stop>>>6,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)用try語(yǔ)句處理錯(cuò)誤的例子>>>whileTrue:reply=rawJnput('Entertext:')ifreply二二'stop':breaktry:num=int(reply)except:print'Bad!'*8else: #屬于try語(yǔ)句部分(在try中如果沒(méi)有異常被檢測(cè)到，貝IJ執(zhí)行else子句printint(reply)**2Entertext:12144Entertext:sssBad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Entertext:10010000Entertext:stop>>>7.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)三層嵌套代碼的例子>>>whileTrue:reply=rawjnput('Entertext:')ifreply二二'stop’:breakelifnotreply.isdigit():print'Bad!"*8else:num=int(reply)ifnum<20:print'low'else:printnum**2Entertext:aaaBad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Entertext:12014400Entertext:11lowEntertext:19lowEntertext:20400Entertext:stop>>>38.在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于序列賦值語(yǔ)句的例子>>>nudge=l>>>wink=2>>>A,B=nudge,wink>>>A,B(1.2)>>>[C,D]=[nudge,wink]>>>C,D>>>nudge,wink=wink,nudge>>>nudge,wink(2,1)?>[a,b,c]=(l,2,3)>>>a,c?>(a,b,c)=MABC">>>a,c('A','C')39,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于高級(jí)序列賦值語(yǔ)句的例子>>>string='SPAM'>>>a,b,c,d=string>>>a,d(S,'M')>>>a,b,c=stringTraceback(mostrecentcalllast):File"<pyshell#15>",line1,in〈module〉a,b,c=string>>>atb,c=string[0],string[l],string[2:]>>>a,b,c(S,P,'AM')>>>a(b,c=list(string[:2])+[string[2:]]>>>atb,c('S1,'P','AM')>>>a,b=string[:2]>>>c=string?>>>a,b,c('S','P;rAM')>>>(a,b),c=string[:2],string[2:]>>>a,b,c(S,'P'JAM')?>((aIb)1c)=('SP,,,AM,)>>>a,b,c(S,P,'AM')>>>red,green,blue二range⑶>>>red,blue(0,2)>>>range(3)[0,1,2]?>L=[L2,3,4]>>>whileL:front,L=L[O],L[1:]printfront,L1[2,3,4][3,4][4]404,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于多目標(biāo)賦值語(yǔ)句的例子>>>a=b二c二'spam'>>>a,b,c('spam','spam','spam')>>>a=b=O>>>b=b+l>>>a,b(0.1)>>>a=b=[]>>>a.append(42)>>>a,b([42],[42])>>>a=[]?>b二口>>>b.append(42)>>>arb(0.[42])5.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于增強(qiáng)賦值語(yǔ)句的例子>>>x=l>>>x+=l>>>X2>>>s="spam"?>s+="SPAM">>>s,spamSPAM'?>L=[l,2]>>>L=L+[3,4]?>L[1,2,3,4]>>>L.append(5)?>L[1,2,3,4,5]?>L+=[6,7,8]>>>L[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]>>>M=L>>>L+=[9]>>>M,L([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9])?>L=L+[10]>>>M,L([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10])6,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于打印語(yǔ)句的例子>>>x='a,;y='b,>>>printx,yab>>>printx+yab>>>print%(x,y)a...b>>>importsyshelloworld>>>temp=sys.stdout>>>sys.stdout=openClog.txt\'a')>>>print'spam,>>>print1,2,3>>>sys.stdout.close()>>>sys.stdout=temp>>>print'backhere'backhere>>>printopen('log.txt'),read()spam123>>>log=open('log.txt',W)>>>print>>log,1,2,3>>>print>>log,4,5,6>>>log.close()>>>printopen('log.txt').read()12345641.在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于if語(yǔ)句的例子>>>if1:print'true'else:print'falsetrue42. 繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于多路分支語(yǔ)句的例子>>>x='killerrabbit'>>>ifx=='roger':print"how'sjessica?"elifx二二'bugs’:print"what'supdoc?"else:print'Runaway!Runaway!'Runaway!Runaway!>>>branch={,spam,:1.25I'ham':1,991,eggs':0.99}>>>printbranch.getCspam'.'Badchoice')1.25>>>printbranch.getCbacon'/Badchoice')Badchoice4.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的例子>>>ifx:ify:print'block2'print'blockl'block2Blockl?>L=["Good","Bad","Ugly"]>>>if(a==bandc==dandd==eande==f):print'olde'>>>ifa==bandc==dand\d==eandf==g:print'olde'>>>S=…Alwayslookonthebrightsideoflife"一’>>>x=l;y=2;printx1>>>ifl:print'hello'hello5.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于真值測(cè)試的例子>>>2<3,3<2(True,False)>>>2or3,3or2(2,3)>>>[]or33?>QorO0>>2and3,3and2(3.2)>>□and0>>3and口06.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于三元表達(dá)式的例子?>X=l;Y=2;Z=3;Z=0?>ifX:A=Yelse:A=Z>>>A2>>>A=YifXelseZ>>>A2?>A='t*if'spam*else'f>>>A?>A='t'if"else'f>>>A'f'>?A=((XandY)orZ)>>>A2>>>A=[乙Y][bool(X)]>>>A2?>['f/tltboolC')]甲>>>[<f'/t^boolCspam')]'f.在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于while循環(huán)的例子>>>x='spam'>>>whilex:printx,x=x[l:]spampamamm>>>a=0;b=10>>>whilea<b:printa,a+=l0123456789.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于pass、break、continue、else子句的例子>>>deffunctl():pass#表示暫時(shí)用于填充函數(shù)主體而，以后會(huì)填上>>>deffunct2():pass>>>x=10>>>whilex:x=x-lifx%2!=0:continueprintx,86420>>>while1:name=raw_inputCEntername:')ifname=='stop':breakage=raw_input("Enterage:")print'hello',name,,=>,,int(age)**2Entername:emlEnterage:40helloeml=>1600Entername:bobEnterage:30hellobob=>900Entername:stop>>>y=10>>>x=y/2>>>whilex>l:ify%x==0:printyjhasfactor',xbreakx=x-lelse:printy,'isprime'10hasfactor5>>y=2>>x=y/2>>whilex>l:ify%x==0:printy/hasfactor',xbreakx=x-lelse:printy,'isprime'2isprime4,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于for循環(huán)語(yǔ)句基本應(yīng)用的例子>>>forxin['spam',*eggs*,'ham']:printx,spameggsham>>>sum=0>>>forxin[l,2,3,4]:sum=sum+x>>>sum10>>>prod=1>>>foritemin[l,2,3,4]:prod*=item>>>prod245,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于for循環(huán)語(yǔ)句應(yīng)用在其他數(shù)據(jù)類型的例子>>>s="lumberjack”?>T=("and"t,Tm',,"okay")>>>forxinsprintx,lumberjack>>>forxinT:printx,andI'mokay6.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于在for循環(huán)中元組賦值的例子?>T=[(l,2),(3,4),(5,6)]>>>for(a,b)inT:printa,b1234567.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于嵌套for循環(huán)語(yǔ)句的例子?>items=["aaa"llllt(4,5),2,01]>>>tests=[(4,5)314]>>>forkeyintests:foriteminitems:ifitem==key:printkey,"wasfound"breakelse:printkey,"notfound!"(4,5)wasfound3.14notfound!>>>forkeyintests:ifkeyinitems:printkey,"wasfound"else:printkey,"notfound!"(4,5)wasfound3.14notfound!>>>seql=',spam">>>seq2="scam">>>res=口>>>forxinseql:ifxinseq2:res.append(x)>>>res['s','a','m']47.在IDLE中編寫(xiě)運(yùn)行關(guān)于for循環(huán)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行迭代的例子>>>forxin[l,2,3,4]:printx**214916>>>forxin'spam'printx*2ssPPaamm>>>48. 繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于文件迭代器的例子(1)新建一個(gè)scriptl.py文件文件內(nèi)容：importSysprintSys.pathx=2print2**33>>>f=open("scriptl.py")>>>f.readline()ImportSys\n'>>>f.readline()'printSys.path\n'>>>f.readlineQ'x=2'n'>>>f.readline(),print2**33\n,>>>f.readline()ii>>>f=open("scriptl.py")>>>f.next()ImportSys\n’>>>f.next()'printSys.pathXn'>>>f.next()'x=2\n,>>>f.nextQ,print2**33\n'>>>f.next()Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):File"<pyshell#18>",line1,in<module>f.next()Stopiteration>>>forlineinopen('scnptl.py'):printline.upper(),IMPORTSYSPRINTSYS.PATHX=2PRINT2**33>>>f=open('scriptl.py')>>>whileTrue:ifnotline:breakprintline.upper()IMPORTSYSPRINTSYS.PATHX=2PRINT2**33>>>.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于其他內(nèi)置類型迭代器的例子?>L=[l,2,3]>>>l=iter(L)>>>Lnext()1>>>Lnext()2>>>Lnext()3>>>Lnext()Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):File,,<pyshell#34>"1line1,in<module>Lnext()Stopiteration?>D={'a'：L"b":2,'c':3}a1c3b2>>>forkeyinD:printkey,D[key]a1c3b2.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于其他迭代環(huán)境的例子>>>uppers=[line.upper()forlineinopen('scriptl.py')]>>>uppers['IMPORTSYS\n\'PRINTSYS.PATHXn',,X=2\n,,PRINT2**33\n']>>>map(str.upper,open('scriptl.py,))['IMPORTSYS\n','PRINTSYS.PATHXn','X=2\n\'PRINT2**33\n']>>>'x=2\n'inopen('scriptl.py')True>>>sorted([3,2,4,l,5,0])[0,1,2,3,4,5]?>sum([3,2,4,1,5,0])15.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于while和range循環(huán)計(jì)數(shù)器的例子>>>range(5),range(2,5),range(0,10,2)([0,1,2,3,4],[2,3,4],[0,2,4,6,8])>>>range(-5,5)[-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4]>>>range(5t-5,-l)[5,4,3,2,1,0,]>>>foriinrange(3):printi,'pythons'0pythonspythonspythons>>>x='spam,>>>i=0>>>foriteminx:printitem,spam>>>whilei<(len(x)):printx[i],;i+=lspam>>>foriinrange(len(x)):printx[i],spam7.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于非完備遍歷range的例子>>>s='abcdefghijk'>>>range(0Jen(s),2)[0,2,4,6,8,10]>>>foriinrange(0,len(s),2):prints[i],acegik>>>forxins[::2]:printxcegik8,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于修改到表range的例子?>L項(xiàng)23,4,5]>>>forxinL:x+=1?>L[1,2,3,4,5]>>>x6>>>foriinrange(len(L)):L[i]-t-=l?>L[2,3,4,5,6]>>>i=0>>>whilei<len(L):L[i]+=l;i+=l?>L[3,4,5,6,7]9,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于并行遍歷的例子?>L1=[1,234]?>L2=[5,6,7,8]>>>zip(Ll,L2)[(1.5),(2,6),(3,7),(4.8)]15--626--87--108--12?>T1,T2,T3=(1,2,3),(4,5,6),(7,8,9)?>T3(7,8.9)?>zip(Tl,T2,T3)[(1,4,7),(2,5,8),(3,6,9)]>>>si='abc';s2='xyzl23'>>>zip(sl,s2)[Ca\'x'),('b'.y),Cc\'z')]>>>map(None,sl,s2)[Ca'tY),fb1,y),('c','z').(None,I'),(None,'2')t(None,'3()]10.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于使用zip構(gòu)造字典的例子>>>D1={'spam'：L'eggs'3'toast:':5}?>D1=Q?>DlCspam^l>>>Dl['eggs']=3>>>Dl['toasf]=5>>>keys=[,spam,,'eggs",'toast']>>>vals=[l,3,5]>>>D2={}>>>for(k,v)inzip(keys,vals):D2[k]=v?>D2{'toast':5t'eggs':3,'spam':1}>>>D3=dict(zip(keys,vals))>>>D3{'toast':5,'eggs':3,'spam':1}>>>11.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于使用enumerate函數(shù)產(chǎn)生偏移和元素的例子>>>s='spam'>>>offset=0>>>foritemins:printitem/appersatoffset',offset;offset+=1sappersatoffset0pappersatoffset1aappersatoffset2mappersatoffset3>>>for(offset,item)inenumerate(s):printitem/appersatoffset'.offsetsappersatoffset0pappersatoffset1aappersatoffset2mappersatoffset3>>>e=enumerate(s)>>>e.next()(0,'s')>>>e.next()(1，P)>>>e.next()(2,'a')>>>[c*ifor(i,c)inenumerate(s)].繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于列表解析基礎(chǔ)的例子>>>L=[l,2,3,4,5]>>>foriinrange(len(L)):L[i]+=10?>L[11,12,13,14,15]>>>L=[x+10forxinL]>>>L[21,22,23,24,25]>>>res=□>>>forxinL:res.append(x+10)>>>res[31,32,33,34,35].繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于對(duì)文件使用列表解析的例子>>>f=open("scriptl.py")>>>lines=f.readlines()>>>lines[ImportSys\n','printSys.pathXn','x=2\n','print2**33\n']>>>lines=[line.rstrip()forlineinlines]>>>lines['importSys','printSys.path','x=2','print2**33']>>>lines=[line.rstrip()forlineinopen(*scriptl.py')][ImportSys','printSys.path','print2**33'].繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫(xiě)關(guān)于擴(kuò)展列表解析的例子>>>lines=[line.rstrip()forlineinopenCscriptl.py')ifline[0]=='p']>>>lines['printSys.pat