自學(xué)考試00015英語(yǔ)（二）第04章

英語(yǔ)（二）自學(xué)教程Unit4TheJoyofWork

TEXTAWorkIsaBlessingTEXTBHowtoStartYourOwnBusinessWorkIsaBlessing工作是一種福氣1.IgrewupinLakeland,Louisiana,oneof12children.Wealllivedonmyparents'subsistencefarm.Wegrewcotton,sugarcane,corn,hogs,chickensandhadalargegarden,butitdidn'tbring(Top100V)in

muchcash.SowhenIwas12,Igotapart-timejobonadairyfarmdowntheroad,helpingtomilkcows.Wemilked65cowsat5(five)inthemorning,andagainat2(two)intheafternoon,sevendaysaweek.我在路易斯安那州的萊克蘭長(zhǎng)大，是家里12個(gè)孩子之一。我們所有人都依賴父母的農(nóng)場(chǎng)勉強(qiáng)維持生活。我們種棉花、甘蔗、玉米，養(yǎng)豬、養(yǎng)雞，還有一個(gè)大花園，但農(nóng)場(chǎng)沒(méi)辦法讓我們有多少收入，所以我在12歲時(shí)在馬路旁邊的一個(gè)奶牛場(chǎng)里找了一份兼職工作——幫忙擠牛奶。我要在早晨5點(diǎn)鐘為65頭奶牛擠奶，下午2點(diǎn)鐘還要擠一次，一周工作七天。bring(TOP100V)

(produce)tobringinsth[+income,profit]賺得；掙到He'sbringinginquitealotofmoney.他能掙很多錢(qián)。1.blessingn.好事；有益之事2.subsistencen.勉強(qiáng)維持生活；生計(jì)3.sugarcanen.甘蔗4.cornn.玉米5.hogn.豬6.cashn.現(xiàn)金7.dairyadj.乳品業(yè)的；生產(chǎn)乳品的n.牛奶場(chǎng)；乳制品區(qū)分：dairy['de?r?]/diary['da??r?]2.InthekitchenoneSaturdaybeforedaylight,Iremember

complainingtomyfatherandgrandfatherabouthavingtogomilkthosecows.Myfathersaid,"Yaknow,boy,toworkisablessing."在一個(gè)周六的黎明之前，我記得我在廚房里跟父親和爺爺抱怨自己一大早還要去給那些奶牛擠奶，父親說(shuō)：“兒子，你要知道，能工作是一種福氣啊。”8.complainv.抱怨；埋怨；發(fā)牢騷plainofasplittingheadache3.Ilookedatthosetwomenwho'dworkedharderthanIeverhad-myfatherekingoutalivingonthatfarm,andmygrandfatherfarmingandworkingasacarpenterduringtheDepression.

IhadafeelingIhadbeentoldsomethingreallyimportant,butittookmanyyearsbeforeitsankin.（承上、總結(jié)的話）我看著這兩個(gè)男人，知道他們比我有生以來(lái)工作得要更努力——父親靠那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)竭力維持生計(jì)，而爺爺在大蕭條期間既開(kāi)農(nóng)場(chǎng)又當(dāng)木匠。我那時(shí)有一種感覺(jué)，父親跟我說(shuō)了一些非常重要的東西，但許多年后我才真正理解了其中的含義。eke英[i?k]美[ik]vt.竭力增補(bǔ)；勉強(qiáng)維持；竭力維持toekeoutsth勉力維持（生計(jì)）Hewasekingoutanexistenceonafewfrancsaday.他每天就靠幾法郎勉強(qiáng)度日。toekeoutaliving(getby)勉強(qiáng)度日Dan,hiswifeBredaandeightchildrenwerestrugglingtoekeoutaliving.丹,他的妻子布雷達(dá)以及八個(gè)孩子在艱難度日。sinkin,beunderstood被完全理解；被充分意識(shí)到[explanation,words+]被理會(huì)；被理解Ittookamomentortwoforherwordstosinkin.她的話過(guò)了一會(huì)兒才被理解。She'dsometimessinkintodepression.她有時(shí)會(huì)陷入抑郁之中。9.carpentern.木工；木匠4.GoingtocollegewasarareprivilegeforakidfromLakeland,Louisiana.MyfathertoldmeifIpickedsomethingtostudythatIlikeddoing,I'dalwayslookforwardtomywork.Buthealsoadded,"Evenhavingajobyouhateisbetterthannothavingajobatall."Iwantedtobeafarmer,butIjoinedtheROTC（美）后備軍官訓(xùn)練隊(duì)，預(yù)備役軍官訓(xùn)練營(yíng)（ReserveOfficers'TrainingCorps）programtohelppayforcollege.AndwhatstartedoutasanobligationtotheArmybecameawayoflifethatIstayedcommittedtofor37years,threemonthsandthreedays.對(duì)萊克蘭的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，上大學(xué)是一種珍貴的待遇。父親跟我說(shuō)，如果我學(xué)了自己喜歡從事的內(nèi)容，我便會(huì)一直期待找到適合自己的工作。但他也補(bǔ)充道：“就算從事了自己不喜歡的工作，那也比什么工作都沒(méi)有要好?！蔽耶?dāng)時(shí)想做一名農(nóng)夫，但為了減少學(xué)費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)，我參加了預(yù)備軍官訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目，當(dāng)初的義務(wù)從軍便成為我以后的生活方式，我在部隊(duì)服役長(zhǎng)達(dá)37年3個(gè)月零3天。lookforwardto（高興地）盼望，期待10.committedadj.盡心盡力的：堅(jiān)信的；堅(jiān)定的stay/becommittedto(doing)sth.致力于todevoteyourselftosth致力于…；投身于…Hehasbeencommittedtoworkingforthepeopleheartandsoulformorethantwentyyears.

5.Inthelate1980s,duringavisittoBangladesh[,ba:?gl?'de?],Isawawomanwithherbabyonherback,breakingbricks

withahammer.

IaskedaBangladeshmilitaryescortwhytheyweren'tusingamachine,whichwouldhavebeenaloteasier.Hetoldmeamachinewouldputthatladyoutofwork.Breakingthosebricksmeantshe'dearnenoughmoneytofeedherselfandherbabythatday.Andasbadasthatwoman'sjobwas,itwasenoughto

keepasmallfamilyalive.

Itremindedmeofmyfather'swords:toworkisablessing.（承上、總結(jié)的句子）20世紀(jì)80年代晚期，在一次前往孟加拉國(guó)期間，我看到一個(gè)背著孩子的婦女在用錘子將磚頭敲碎。我問(wèn)該國(guó)的一名衛(wèi)隊(duì)員為什么他們不用機(jī)器，因?yàn)槟菢訒?huì)容易很多。他跟我說(shuō)，如果用機(jī)器，那個(gè)女人便會(huì)丟掉工作，而將那些磚頭敲碎意味著她能賺到足夠的錢(qián)讓她和她的孩子在那天吃飽。雖然她的工作實(shí)在很糟糕，但那卻足夠養(yǎng)活一個(gè)小家庭。這件事讓我想起了父親的話：工作是一種福氣。Andasbadasthatwoman'sjobwas,itwasenoughtokeepasmallfamilyalive.此處疑似錯(cuò)句，應(yīng)省略前面的as，改為：Andbadasthatwoman'sjobwas,itwasenoughtokeepasmallfamilyalive.as意為"雖然"，用于倒裝，句式如下：Thoughheisveryyoung,heisverylearned.=Youngasheis,heisverylearned.Thoughheisanoldman,heisveryenergetic.=Oldmanasheis,heisveryenergetic.ThoughIlikehimverymuch,Iwon'tdohishomeworkforhim.=MuchasIlikehim,Iwon'tdohishomeworkforhim.Thoughhetried,hefailedagain.=Tryashedid,hefailedagain.11.brickn.磚；磚塊12.hammern.錘子；榔頭13.escortn.護(hù)送者；護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì)英['esk??t]美[?esk??rt]n.護(hù)送者；護(hù)航艦；陪同某人參加社交活動(dòng)的人（尤指男人）；受雇陪同某人外出社交的人（尤指女人）vt.護(hù)送，護(hù)衛(wèi)(take)[police,serviceman,securityguard+，+person,group,vehicle]護(hù)送；陪同；flowerguardian=Awoman'sescort護(hù)花使者tobeescortedfromsth被護(hù)送離開(kāi)某地tobeescortedout被護(hù)送離開(kāi)toescortsbtothedoor陪同某人到門(mén)口(accompany)[man,youth+，+woman,girl]（在特定社交場(chǎng)合）陪伴，陪同HeescortedherroundLondon.他陪她在倫敦游覽了一圈。MayIescortyouhome?我能送你回家嗎？(behiredtoaccompany)受雇陪伴…出席社交場(chǎng)合Shewaspaidtoescortabillionairebusinessmantoasocietyparty.她受雇陪同一名億萬(wàn)富商參加一個(gè)社交聚會(huì)。14.remindv.提醒；使想起6.ServingintheUnitedStatesArmyoverseas,IsawalotofpeoplelikethatwomaninBangladesh.AndI'vecometobelievethatpeoplewithoutjobsarenotfree.They'revictimsofcrime,theideologyofterrorism,poorhealth,depressionandsocialunrest.Thesevictimsbecometheillegalimmigrants,theslavesofhumantrafficking,thedrugdealers,andthestreetgang

mibers.I'veseenitoverandoveragainontheU.S.border,inSomalia,theCongo,AfghanistanandinNewOrleans.Peoplewhohavejobscanhaveahome,sendtheirkidstoschool,developasenseofpride,contributetothegoodofthecommunityandevenhelpothers.

Whenwecanwork,wearefree.Weareblessed.（總結(jié)概括的句子）在駐海外的美軍部隊(duì)服役時(shí)，我看到許多人都和孟加拉國(guó)那個(gè)女人一樣，于是我開(kāi)始相信，沒(méi)有工作的人是不自由的。他們?cè)馐苤缸?、恐怖主義、疾病、經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條和社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩的侵害，于是這些受害者變成了非法移民，淪為人口販賣(mài)的囚奴、販毒者和街頭幫派的成員。這種景象我一次次地在美國(guó)邊境、索馬里、剛果、阿富汗以及新奧爾良目睹過(guò)。有工作的人可以建立家庭，將孩子送到學(xué)校上學(xué)，內(nèi)心樹(shù)立起一種自豪感，增加對(duì)社區(qū)的積極影響，甚至去幫助他人。當(dāng)我們有事可做時(shí)，我們身心自由，身處幸福之中。overandoveragain一次次地15.victimn.受害者；犧牲品fallvictimtosth.淪為...的受害者16.ideology[,a?d?'?l?d??;?d-]n.意識(shí)形態(tài)：觀念形態(tài)17.terrorismn.恐怖主義18.depressionn.蕭條期；經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退；不景氣depressvt.壓下，壓低；使沮喪；使蕭條；使跌價(jià)depressed沮喪的；蕭條的19.unrestn.動(dòng)蕩；動(dòng)亂；騷動(dòng)20.illegaladj.不合法的；非法的；違法的il是in的變體，否定前綴，再如：illogicala.不合邏輯的ir,im都是in的變體，如：irregular,irresponsible,imbalanced,impossible,immobilea.固定的21.immigrantn.（外來(lái)）移民；外僑22.traffickingn.非法交易；非法買(mǎi)賣(mài)c結(jié)尾的詞變形時(shí)先加k，如trafficker,panicker恐慌者,picnicker野餐者,panicking恐慌23.dealern.販毒者；毒品販子dealinsth.買(mǎi)賣(mài)，經(jīng)營(yíng)；經(jīng)售；經(jīng)銷(xiāo)[shop+]經(jīng)營(yíng)某物Theydealinantiques他們做古董生意。Whatsortofgoodsdotheydealin?他們經(jīng)營(yíng)何種商品？[person+]買(mǎi)賣(mài)某物therightsofourcitizenstoholdandtodealinforeigncurrency我國(guó)公民持有和買(mǎi)賣(mài)外匯的權(quán)利todealsbin（給某人發(fā)牌）讓某人參與紙牌游戲Harrysatdownatthetable.`Dealmein,'hesaid.哈里在桌邊坐下，說(shuō)：“給我發(fā)牌吧?！眂ar/drugdealerdealwithsth.處理某事/sb.與某人打交道；對(duì)待某人24.gangn.一幫，一群，一伙（鬧事、斗毆的年輕人）25.contributev.增加；增進(jìn)；添加（到某物）7.Idon'tthinkI'lleverquitworking.I'mretiredfromtheArmy,butI'mstillworkingtohelppeoplebepreparedfordisasters.AndImaygettodoalittlefarmingsomeday,too.I'mnotgoingtostop.Ibelieveinmyfather'swords.Ibelieveintheblessingofwork.我覺(jué)得我不會(huì)停止工作。如今我已從軍隊(duì)退役，但我仍在致力于幫助人們?cè)跒?zāi)害來(lái)臨前做好準(zhǔn)備，可能哪天我也要去做點(diǎn)兒農(nóng)活。我不會(huì)停下來(lái)的。我相信父親的話。我相信工作是一種福氣。bepreparedfor準(zhǔn)備好；有所準(zhǔn)備believein認(rèn)為某事好（對(duì)、可接受）26.quitv.停止；戒掉Iquit.Iquitsmoking.doalittlefarming，dosomecleaning/somereading/shopping做衛(wèi)生，閱讀，購(gòu)物HowtoStartYourOwnBusiness如何開(kāi)始自己創(chuàng)業(yè)1.Theparadoxofstartingyourownbusiness

liesinthesimultaneouschallengeandreward,makingitanexperienceunlikeanyother.Somanybusinessesfail,andmostentrepreneurs

exclude

themselvesfromthepossibility.Thetragicrealityisthatwhenbusinessesfail,thepassionoftendieswithit.（承上句）Byfollowingsome

soundadviceandbeingpreparedfortheprocess,youwilldecreaseyourchancesoflosingalotmorethanyoubargainedfor.

Ihaverecentlystartedabusinessandhavelearnedsomecrucial

lessons

intheprocessthatIfeel

privileged

to

sharewithyou.（承上啟下句）和其他的經(jīng)歷不同，自己創(chuàng)業(yè)的矛盾之處在于挑戰(zhàn)和收益并存。很多企業(yè)倒閉，而大多數(shù)企業(yè)家則能全身而退。然而殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)是，跟著企業(yè)一起倒下的，還有創(chuàng)業(yè)的激情。然而在準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程中的一些忠告則會(huì)讓你比預(yù)計(jì)的少一些損失。最近我也在創(chuàng)業(yè)，并且在其中學(xué)習(xí)到了一些重要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，我很榮幸與你分享。

liein存在；在于bargainfor預(yù)料到；料想到be/feelprivilegedtodo榮幸地做某事1.paradoxn.矛盾的人（或事情、情況）(opinion)（與通常見(jiàn)解對(duì)立的）悖論，反論2.simultaneous英[,s?m(?)l'te?n??s]美[,sa?ml'ten??s]adj.同時(shí)發(fā)生（或進(jìn)行）的；同步的并存3.rewardn.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；回報(bào)；報(bào)酬4.entrepreneur英[??ntr?pr??n??(r)]美[?ɑntr?pr??n??]n.企業(yè)家5.excludev.把…排斥在外；防止…進(jìn)入；阻止…參加6.tragicadj.悲慘的；悲痛的；可悲的tragedy,tragedian悲劇演員，悲劇作家,comedy7.passionn.強(qiáng)烈情感；激情passionate英['p??(?)n?t]美['p???n?t]8.soundadj.明智的；合理的；正確的；可靠的9.processn.（為達(dá)到某一目標(biāo)的）過(guò)程；進(jìn)程10.crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵的11.privilegedadj.榮幸的；幸運(yùn)的2.1.Identifyyourmotivation.Whydoyouwanttostartyourownbusiness?Tohavemoretime?Tomakemoremoney?Tobeyourownboss?Tohavecreativecontroloverwhatyoulovetodo?

Writeoutallofyourmotivatingfactorsandprioritizethem.（承上啟下句）Whenyouseethemlisted,youmightseeapatterninthatyou'rejustunhappyatyourcurrentjobandstartingyourownbusinessisn'ttheanswer.明確你的動(dòng)機(jī)所在。你為何要?jiǎng)?chuàng)業(yè)?為了有更多的時(shí)間?為了賺更多的錢(qián)?為了自己當(dāng)老板?為了能有創(chuàng)造性地掌控你喜歡做的事情?寫(xiě)出所有激勵(lì)你的因素，并排出先后順序。當(dāng)你列好以后再看。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)你只是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的工作不滿意，那么創(chuàng)業(yè)絕不是你想要的。12.motivationn.動(dòng)機(jī)；原因13.prioritizev.按重要性排列；劃分優(yōu)先順序prioradj.優(yōu)先的；在前的；更重要的(to),priorityn.優(yōu)先權(quán)；優(yōu)先；優(yōu)先順序-r（+ity構(gòu)成名詞），再如：regularity,similarity,familiarity,popularity14.patternn.模式；方式2.2.Identifyyourpassion.Whatdoyoulovetodo?Whatskillsandknowledgedoyouuniquely

bringtothetable?Whatgetsyouexcitedaboutyourwork?Keepthatpassionattheforefrontofyourbusinessplan,yourmarketing

strategies,andyourdaily

routine.Ifyoukeepyourpassioninplain

sight,youwillstayfocusedonthepurposeofyourbusinessandnotsolelyonthelogistics.明確你的激情所在。你喜歡做什么?你有什么樣的獨(dú)門(mén)絕技?什么能讓你對(duì)你的工作很興奮?把激情置于你的商業(yè)計(jì)劃、營(yíng)銷(xiāo)策略和日常生活之前。如果你能保持激情，你就能更加專注于創(chuàng)辦公司的目的，而不僅僅是運(yùn)營(yíng)。bring...tothetable帶來(lái)好處at/in/totheforefrontof...處在最前列；進(jìn)入重要地位inplainsight顯而易見(jiàn)15.strategyn.策劃；規(guī)劃；部署；統(tǒng)籌安排16.routinen.常規(guī)；正常順序(normalprocedure)例行公事；常規(guī)；慣例It'spartofmydailyroutine.這是我日常工作的一部分。(act)一套固定節(jié)目Theybookedmetodomycomedyroutinejustbeforetheband.他們和我約好，讓我在樂(lè)隊(duì)演奏之前表演滑稽節(jié)目。(drudgery)單調(diào)沉悶的生活方式Familyholidaysaremeanttobeabreakfromroutine.家庭假期意味著打破單調(diào)沉悶的日常生活。17.sightn.視力范圍；視野18.solelyadv.僅；只：惟；單獨(dú)地19.logistics[l?'d??st?ks]n.后勤；物流；組織工作2.3.Identifyyourmarket.Ifyouarestartingyourbusiness

locally,researchyour

competitors.

Determineifthereisroominthemarketforyourbusiness.Whatwillyoudodifferentlytodrawincustomers?Whatnichemarketaretheotherbusinessesmissing?IfyouarestartinganInternetcompany,researchtherequirementsforyourownuniqueWebpresence.

Yourbusinesscannotsurvivewithoutcustomers,sodoenoughresearchon

thefrontendtodetermineifthereareenoughpotential

clientstokeepyourbusinessalive.明確你的市場(chǎng)所在。如果你想在本地創(chuàng)業(yè)，關(guān)注你的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。確定市場(chǎng)是否有你的立足之地。你能用什么不同的方式來(lái)吸引客戶?其他公司缺少什么樣的市場(chǎng)定位?如果你打算開(kāi)創(chuàng)一家網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司，研究一下你的公司存在的特別之處。客戶是你的公司存在之本，因此提前做足研究，確保有足夠的潛在客戶能維持你的公司。20.locallyadv.在本地21.competitorn.（尤指商業(yè)方面的）競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，對(duì)手competewith/petitive,competitor,competition22.roomn.可能性；機(jī)會(huì)Thereisstillalotofroomforprogress.23.niche[ni??;n?t?]n.（商品的）商機(jī)；市場(chǎng)定位;合適的職業(yè)；[亦稱作nichemarket]【商業(yè)】有利可圖的市場(chǎng)(或形勢(shì)等)24.uniqueadj.獨(dú)特的；罕見(jiàn)的25.survivev.生存；存活；繼續(xù)存在surviveafire/awar/aflood/anaccident/anearthquakesurviveaperson,survivor,survivalHeisoneoftheluckysurvivorsinthisaccident.Darwin'sTheoryofEvolutioncanbecharacterizedassurvivalofthefittest.(adj.勝任的；適當(dāng)?shù)?達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論可以說(shuō)是適者生存。26.clientn.客戶；顧客2.4.Identifyyourfinances.Ifyouhaveeverpurchasedanewhome,youknowthatthefinancialobligations（債務(wù)）extendbeyondthedownpaymentandthemortgage.

Youhavetobuyfurniture,trashcans,agaragedooropener（車(chē)庫(kù)門(mén)遙控開(kāi)關(guān)）,lightfixturesandlandscapingequipment（景觀美化設(shè)備）,andbeforeyouknowit,you'vefarexceededyourfinancialboundaries.Thatcanhappenjustaseasilyinabusiness.Do

exhaustive（詳盡的）financialplanning.Meetwithafinancialadvisor（財(cái)政顧問(wèn)）orsomeoneatyourbanktoexaminethefinancial

viabilityofyourbusinessandtheprocessofgettingitupandrunning.Planwiselyanddonot

assume

thebestaboutyourbusiness.Bepreparedforfinanciallossandgetadviceonhowto

alleviatethatburdeninthefuture.明確你的財(cái)政狀況。如果你剛買(mǎi)了房，你必須清楚隨首付和月供而來(lái)的財(cái)政義務(wù)。你還要添置家具、垃圾桶、車(chē)庫(kù)門(mén)遙控開(kāi)關(guān)、燈具和綠化設(shè)備。在你反應(yīng)過(guò)來(lái)之前，這已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)你的財(cái)政預(yù)算了。這在創(chuàng)業(yè)中是很常見(jiàn)的。做詳盡的財(cái)政規(guī)劃。找個(gè)財(cái)政顧問(wèn)或者銀行專員，核算你在啟動(dòng)和運(yùn)營(yíng)公司的時(shí)候財(cái)務(wù)上的可行性。理智規(guī)劃，做最壞的打算。為經(jīng)濟(jì)損失提前做好準(zhǔn)備，咨詢?nèi)绾螠p輕未來(lái)可能承受的財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)。get...up安排；組織27.financen.（個(gè)人、組織、國(guó)家的）財(cái)力，財(cái)源，財(cái)務(wù)管理28.purchasen.購(gòu)買(mǎi)；采購(gòu)29.obligationn.（已承諾的或法律等規(guī)定的）義務(wù)，責(zé)任30.downpaymentn.（分期付款的）首期付款；預(yù)付金；定金31.mortgagen.按揭；按揭貸款32.trashcann.垃圾桶33.garagen.停車(chē)房；車(chē)庫(kù)34.fixturen.固定設(shè)施35.landscapev.對(duì)…做景觀美化；美化…的環(huán)境36.exceedv.超過(guò)（數(shù)量）37.boundaryn.邊界；界限；分界線38.exhaustiveadj.詳盡的；徹底的39.viabilityn.可行性40.run(TOP100V)（使）運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，運(yùn)行；操作41.assumev.假定；假設(shè)；認(rèn)為,assumption42.alleviate[?'li?v?e?t]v.減輕；緩和；緩解2.5.Identifyyoursupportsystem.Seekoutadvicefromseasonedbusinessowners,eventhoseinyourownfield.Developrelationshipswithpeoplewhocanoffersoundadviceandcriticismthatyoumightnotsee.

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