2019年全國統(tǒng)一高考英語試卷全國卷1(新課標Ⅰ)精品解析-(原卷版)

..2019年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試<全國卷I>英語注意事項:1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力<共兩節(jié),滿分30分>做題時,先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)<共5小題；每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分>聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?[此處有音頻,請去附件查看]A.Inaclassroom. B.Inahospital. C.Inamuseum.2.WhatdoesJackwanttodo?[此處有音頻,請去附件查看]A.Takefitnessclasses.B.Buyapairofgymshoes.C.Changehisworkschedule.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?[此處有音頻,請去附件查看]A.Whattodrink. B.Wheretomeet. C.Whentoleave.4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?[此處有音頻,請去附件查看]A.Colleges. B.Classmates. C.Strangers.5.WhyisEmilymentionedintheconversation?[此處有音頻,請去附件查看]A.Shemightwantaticket.B.Sheislookingfortheman.C.Shehasanextraticket.第二節(jié)<共15小題,每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分>聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘；聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題。[此處有音頻,請去附件查看]6.HowlongdidJamesrunhisbusiness？A.10years. B.13years. C.15years.7.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutJames'situation？A.Embarrassed. B.Concerned. C.Disappointed.聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題。[此處有音頻,請去附件查看]8.WhathasKate'smotherdecidedtodo？A.Returntoschool. B.Changeherjob. C.Retirefromwork.9.WhatdidKate'smotherstudyatcollege？A.Oilpainting. B.Arthistory. C.Businessadministration.10.WhatisKate'sattitudetowardhermother'sdecision?A.Disapproving. B.Ambiguous. C.Understanding.聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題[此處有音頻,請去附件查看]11.Whatisthemandoing？A.Chairingameeting.B.Hostingaradioprogram.C.Conductingajobinterview.12.WhatbenefitsMarymostinherjob？A.Herwidereading. B.Herleaders'guidance. C.Herfriends'help13.WhowillMarytalkaboutnext？A.Herteacher. B.Herfather. C.Hermother.聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題。[此處有音頻,請去附件查看]14.Whydoesthemanseldomdoexercise？A.Helacksmotivation.B.Hehasaheartproblem.C.Heworksallthetime.15.WhatdoesJacobSattelmairprobablydo？A.He'sanathlete. B.He'saresearcher. C.He'sajournalist.16.Whydoesthewomanspeakofastudy？A.Toencouragetheman.B.Torecommendanexercise.C.Tosupportherfindings.17.Howmuchtimewillthemanprobablyspendexercisingweekly？A.300minutes. B.150minute. C.75minutes.聽下面一段獨白,回答以下小題。[此處有音頻,請去附件查看]18.Whatdidthescientistsdototheroad？A.Theyrepairedit. B.Theypaintedit. C.Theyblockedit19.Whyareyoungbirdsdrawntotheroadsurface？A.It'swarm. B.It'sbrown. C.It'ssmooth.20.Whatisthepurposeofthescientists'experiment？A.Tokeepthebirdsthereforawholeyear.B.Tohelpstudentsstudythebirdswell.C.Topreventthebirdsfrombeingkilled.第二部分閱讀理解<共兩節(jié),滿分40分>第一節(jié)<共15小題；每小題2分,滿分30分>閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。ANeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible<符合條件>forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities<社區(qū)>.SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15-29returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities<機會>ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.21WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.22.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15-18. B.15-24. C.15-29. D.16-17.23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth. B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram. D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.BForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’s,nervous."I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…"Christripsonthe"-ld,"nunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport."…Votefor…me…"Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstaredlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls<回想起>howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes."Ittakesalotforanystudent,"Whaleyexplains,"especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,‘Idon’tknow,butIwanttoknow.’"Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast<夸耀>aboutthemselves."Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,"Whaleysays,"isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident."24.WhatmadeChrisnervous？A.Tellingastory. B.Makingaspeech.C.Takingatest. D.Answeringaquestion.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"stumbles"inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses. B.Badmanners. C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto_________.A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB.assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A.Humorous. B.Ambitious. C.Caring. D.Demanding.CAsdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric<生物測量>technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice<裝置>thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence<節(jié)奏>withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword"touch"fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys. B.ToimproveaccuracyintypingC.Toreplacethepasswordsystem. D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible？A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard？all1osoisgitieocooll.A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly. B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It'llbemadeofplastics. D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.DDuringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool<小學>,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are"mostlikelytoengage<從事>indangerousandriskybehavior."Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys<調(diào)查研究>."Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,"hesaid.32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool.33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice-YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBeerC.BetheBest-YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness第二節(jié)<共5小題；每小題2分,滿分10分>根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto"gooutandgetsomefreshair."____36____Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.___37___Iftheairyou’rebreathingisclean-whichitwouldbeifyou’reawayfromthesmogofcities-thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles<肌肉>andyourbrain.Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing<治愈>._____38_____Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood<情緒>.Greeneryisgoodforus.HospitalpatientsWhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.______39______Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.___40___Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveisbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.第三部分語言知識運用<共兩節(jié),滿分45分>第一節(jié)<共20小題；每小題1.5分,滿分30分>閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They___41___withthemlotsofwaste.The___42___mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers<冰川>aredisappearing,changingthe___43___ofKilimanjaro.Hearingthesestories,I’m___44___abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas"purer"naturalexperiences.However,Isoon___45___thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof___46___amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda___47___mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare___48___buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe___49___.ThebestofaKilimanjaro___50___,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.Mountainsare___51___asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This___52___isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas___53___gothroughfiveecosystems<生態(tài)系統(tǒng)>inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,___54___landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather___55___—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I___56___twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland___57___:gravel<礫石>,stonesandrocks.___58___youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith___59___snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.DoesKilimanjaro___60___itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace？Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.41.A.keep B.mix C.connect D.bring42A.stories B.buildings C.crowds D.reporters43.A.position B.age C.face D.name44.A.silent B.skeptical C.serious D.crazy45.A.discover B.argue C.decide D.advocate46.A.equipment B.grass C.camps D.stones47.A.remote B.quiet C.all D.clean48A.new B.special C.significant D.necessary49.A.payingoff B.spreadingout C.blowingup D.fadingaway50.A.atmosphere B.experience C.experiment D.sight51.A.studied B.observed C.explored D.regarded52.A.view B.quality C.reason D.purpose53.A.scientists B.climbers C.locals D.officials54.A.holdingonto B.goingbackto C.livingupto D.givingwayto55.A.changes B.clears C.improves D.permits56.A.match B.imagine C.count D.add57.A.village B.desert C.road D.lake58.A.Obviously B.Easily C.Consequently D.Finally59.A.permanent B.little C.fresh D.artificial60.A.enjoy B.deserve C.save D.acquire第二節(jié)<共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分>閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___61___theyrangeallthewayacross