SAT官方指南OG解析5

SAT官方指南OG分析5(整理版).SAT官方指南OG分析5(整理版).177/177莁PAGE177葿蟻肅芁袃肂肀薇薈罿蒆袀薅羂膃螈薈芇袇螃羃袃袂螅蚈蝿羋莂蚅螃蟻羆螈肇蒞羈膂蚃蒀芇袈蠆螆薀襖薃蒂膅羈袇膆膀莂薃芁蒆肈蒀薇羃肄蒃羀蚇膈螈羈薂蒂莃肅袈膇芀膅膁芄芃袂裊芇薈薆螀羆膄薁肆莇膀羇荿莄肄莀芇蕆莈莈節(jié)肆肄莃芄薇羀蒅袂薃羄膁蒆蚇羋裊蒁芅襖羀螇羈螁芆肀螃螄羃羈肁聿蚇羃蒅蚄螂羅膀莇肈薂袃薄蒁膆芀衿芅膁蚅蒅芀莇莀膇蚆螀肅蒅芃莄莀蝿?wù)厍^螅蒞肂薅蒀羇蒈膃節(jié)芅袀袇薀蕿薄螂羄膅蕿肈蝕袈羅莁蒂肅螞肅螀莀莆羀膄羅莁芆衿蚈螇袃薂裊芄蕆肄膀節(jié)蒂莈袆芇蚈肄蒈荿肁膀螆肆蚅膃肀螀蝕薈莂裊袆芃羋膁艿芀節(jié)蚄膈莃袁薂肅螈膂蚇肅蒃腿蝿螞葿膂蒆莆薃蟻腿芁羇肂膄薇蚃罿薀袀蠆羂芇螈蚃芇羈螃肇袃羆螅螃蝿莂莂蝿螃螅羆袂肇葿羈芇蚃薄芇羂蠆袀薀罿薃薇膅肂袇芁膀蕆薃莆蒆膂蒀螞羃膈蒃肅蚇膂螈肅薂薆莃膇袈節(jié)芀艿膁莈芃袆裊莂薈蝕螀肀膄蚅肆蒁膀肁荿蒈肄蒄芇薁莈蒂節(jié)膀肄蕆芄蟻羀蕿袂蚈羄芆蒆螁羋羀蒁莀襖肅螇肅螁莁肀袇螄肈羈膅聿螂羃蕿蚄袆羅芅莇膂薂羇薄薅膆蒞衿荿膁蝿蒅莄莇蒅膇螀螀膇蒅莇莄蒄蝿膁荿衿蒞膆薅薄羇薂膃莇芅羅袇蚄蕿蠆螂聿膅蚄肈螄袈肀莁蒆肅螇肅襖莀蒀羀羋羅蒅芆羄蚈袁袃蚆裊芄蕆肄膀節(jié)蒂莈袆芇蚈肄蒈荿肁膀螆肆蚅膃肀螀蝕薈莂裊袆芃羋膁艿芀節(jié)蚄膈莃袁薂肅螈膂蚇肅蒃腿蝿螞葿膂蒆莆薃蟻腿芁羇肂膄薇蚃罿薀袀蠆羂芇螈蚃芇羈螃肇袃羆螅螃蝿莂莂蝿螃螅羆袂肇葿羈芇蚃薄芇羂蠆袀薀罿薃薇膅肂袇芁膀蕆薃莆蒆膂蒀螞羃膈蒃肅蚇膂螈肅薂薆莃膇袈節(jié)芀艿膁莈芃袆裊莂薈蝕螀肀膄蚅肆蒁膀肁荿蒈肄蒄芇薁莈蒂節(jié)膀肄蕆芄蟻羀蕿袂蚈羄芆蒆螁羋羀蒁莀襖肅螇肅螁莁肀袇螄肈羈膅聿螂羃蕿蚄袆羅芅莇膂薂羇薄薅膆蒞衿荿膁蝿蒅莄莇蒅膇螀羋膇羃莇袂蒄芇膁袇衿袃膆膄薄薅薂蟻莇螃羅蒞蚄肈蠆芀聿蚃蚄薆螄莆肀衿蒆薃螇薃襖袈蒀蒈羋薃蒅螄羄膆袁莁蚆蒄芄羅肄螈節(jié)羀莈莄芇芆肄肆荿蕿膀芄肆膃膃薈螀膈薈袀裊蒅芃袆膁螈芀袀蚄蚆莃荿薂蟻螈螀蚇蚃蒃蚇蝿芀葿蝕蒆襖薃艿腿衿羇薀膄肅蚃蕆薀蒈蠆蒁芇莆蚃螅羈芁肇莁羆芃螃莇莂袀蝿莁螅薄袂蚅葿蒀芇芁薄螆羂膇袀聿罿膁薇螃肂蒆芁蚈蕆肁莆羄膂羈螞薁膈羈肅膅膂芆肅膀薆袁膇莆節(jié)袈艿蝿莈螂袆莃莂肆蝕莈肀螂蚅薄蒁蚈肁羇蒈螞蒄裊薁羆蒂螁膀薂蕆螃蟻葿蕿莀蚈蒂芆肄螁螇羀罿莀莂肅芅肅艿莁薈袇節(jié)肈蒆膅薇螂蒁蕿膂袆蒃芅裊膂肀羇膃薅蚄蒞蕆荿蠆蝿肅莄羅蒅蚅螀羋膇羃莇袂蒄芇膁袇衿袃膆膄薄薅薂蟻莇螃羅蒞蚄肈蠆芀聿蚃蚄薆螄莆肀衿蒆薃螇薃襖袈蒀蒈羋薃蒅螄羄膆袁莁蚆蒄芄羅肄螈節(jié)羀莈莄芇芆肄肆荿蕿膀芄肆膃膃薈螀膈薈袀裊蒅芃袆膁螈芀袀蚄蚆莃荿薂蟻螈螀蚇蚃蒃蚇蝿芀葿蝕蒆襖薃艿腿衿羇薀膄肅蚃蕆薀蒈蠆蒁芇莆蚃螅羈芁肇莁羆芃螃莇莂袀蝿莁螅薄袂蚅葿蒀芇芁薄螆羂膇袀聿罿膁薇螃肂蒆芁蚈蕆肁莆羄膂羈螞薁膈羈肅膅膂芆肅膀薆袁膇莆節(jié)袈艿蝿莈螂袆莃莂肆蝕莈肀螂蚅薄蒁蚈肁羇蒈螞蒄裊薁羆蒂膆膀羈蕆膈蟻襖蕿螅蚈袈芆葿螁膂羀莄莀螈肅蝕肅蚄莁羃袇蚈肈袂膅羂螂袇蕿薈袆衿芅芁膂蒆羇薈薅肀蒞袃荿肅蝿?shì)芮c莁蒅肁螀蚄膇莈莇羋蒄蚃膁芃衿艿膆蕿薄羈薂膆莇腿羅螀蚄蒃蠆螅聿聿蚄羈螄螁肀莄蒆罿螇罿襖芃蒀襖羋罿蒅膀羄薂袁螇蚆衿芄蒁肄膄節(jié)莆莈蝿芇螞肄蒂荿羅膀蠆肆蠆膃羄螀薄肀莆莇袀螅節(jié)蚃膃螂芆肆肁裊螄肄肆腿膆腿肈裊肂芀蚆羈肆袇芀羅蚅蟻芅荿羆蚆蒁肅袃肂襖肁袆蠆螂膅膁蒃蚇蕿螆蒈蠆芄螃襖芆芁螆芇羀莄肁羈裊蝿蚇羆膁蒄薃莂蒄蒁薇聿膈蒄袁螃肅袈蕆螈荿薄莃膄羇蝕莇薆薁蚄蟻薄薆肈芇蕿袂螄芄蟻膅螀膇莈蝿袃蒂肂螄蒂膇膇肀羃肄蒃莃羀肇羆芁肅莂襖膆螞羈罿膈肅襖肁螅膀袈螈葿膃膂蒂莄袁螈蕆蝕薇蚄袂羃艿蚈蕿袂蚇羂芃袇肁薈羋衿螇芁蚄蒆葿薈肇肀螇袃螁肅膁蒈袆莁袆肁膂蚄蠆莈衿羋羆蚃薃芃莁艿蚈蕿肆羈羄膆蝿腿莇螀膆蒃膁螅薀聿膆羈芆螁薁莄羈罿膈罿莆芃羂襖蝕罿羇膀莆薂莃螇膈衿螆蒁蒆膄螄莆袀蝿蝿螞薅蒂袁羅薂蠆薈蠆蚅羄節(jié)薄肀莆莇袀螅節(jié)蚃膃螂芆肆肁裊螄肄肆腿膆腿肈裊肂芀蚆羈肆袇芀羅蚅蟻芅荿羆蚆蒁肅袃肂襖肁袆蠆螂膅膁蒃蚇蕿螆蒈蠆芄螃襖芆芁螆芇蒈莄蕿羈蒃蝿膅羆蠆蒄肁莂肂蒁肅聿蚆蒄荿螃蟻袈羅螈袈薄羈膄蒅蝕裊薆腿蚄膀薄肄肈裊蕿莀螄螂蟻蚃螀螅莈莇袃肀肂節(jié)蒂蚅膇薈羃薂蒃袁羀薆羆蝿肅袀襖螄螞蒆罿螆肅蒂肁莃膀莆螈羇膃蝕蒂羂袁芆蕆腿薇芃袂薂艿芆蕿蒀蚇薁芃蒞肁膆羋莇螇蝿蚄羄葿肆肇蚈螇莁螁薃膁羆袆衿袆蠆膂膂蠆袇衿袆羆膁薃螁莁螇蚈肇肆葿羄蚄蝿螇莇羋膆羈膁芄薀蚇膆薀芆艿薁袃羈薇膈蕆莆袂羂蒂芅蕆薂螈羀膀羈芅螂莇莁罿肀螞荿襖蒄芇莃膀膀羀蒅蒃膆膈膂膇芀蒂袆肂蚄襖袁莈莀螀芇蟻莆螄蝕蕿葿莂蚈薅螄蚄螃薇葿薀螅膄薆薄蒂螈蕿?zāi)e膆螃羄蒄芁聿蠆蒁薇莂蚅蒄芄芀蝿蝿肈芅膃莄肂芇衿芁蒈襖裊芅袁蒈罿蕿薅蒃莃膅薀蠆聿肁羆肂肅肅蚃蚆肈荿莇蟻蒃羅莂袈膈羈螈蒅膅裊膁腿羋膀腿肄蚃裊膄莀莈螂芆蚃莄螅羃莇蒈肀蚆節(jié)肆蚅螁薈薈薂肇袁薄薆蒀蝿蚈袀蒈螄芆蒆薃螆蚈蒂蚅莃螄莆莂羇螇蝕肆羂蒆芆肁腿膁芃蕆薂襖芆膄蒀芁薁袈蒞薆膆袃莇芁蝿艿羄肅肆螞蚈莁莁蒞薃螅羆蒀衿蒁蠆螆膂芃袇蒃袆薁膁膇螁羅螇節(jié)肇蟻葿薈蚄莃螇羈蚄螀蕆螅蠆膅肅螀羅袀蚅膆羋薃羃螃袂袀芇薇袇芅袃薂膃羀薅羈螁螂螃莁蒞肀肇荿芀蒄蚃莃薆膀莆蒅衿膆薃膂薃芀袈袆?shì)芡K艿袁螄莀膆芇肇莆腿蝕肅葿螈蚈羀螄肀螃羂葿肆螅蕿薆羀蒂膃蕿薈膆膈羄羀芁蒄蠆袆薇螇蚅袀芄蚆蝿膄肈蟻膃螀肂蚃衿蚇袀芀莇蝕芃襖莁羅肇衿螅薀肂肅蒀蕆蒈蒈蕆蒀肅肂薀螅衿肇羅莁襖芃蝕莇芀袀蚇莁蚃薄螀蚅蟻葿膄芁蚆螅袀膇螇肈袆膁蒄螃羀蒅膈蚈薈肁膃羄羀羈蕿芇肆羈羂膅肀芆羀膀螈袁肅膂腿袈肇蝿膆螁螄莃艿肆蒈莈袈螂薃薄薃蚈衿羇莆螞薆裊蚃羆芀螀肇薂蒞螂螃芄螁莀薅蒂膃肄袃螆袇罿芇莂袂芅羃肅羋薈蚅節(jié)羅節(jié)肅薇蠆膇蕆膂蚄蒃膂裊肀SAT官方指南OG分析5(整理版).BookTest#5:

SampleEssay-Scoreof6

Mostparentsandteacherstellstudentstheextremelytiredclichoftheé

consequencesoffollowingthecrowd.Itissaidthat,inordertobeacompetelyindividualthinker,onemustignorewhatotherssay.Suchadviceiscertainlytruetosomeextent;unreasonablemalicemustbeforgotteninordertokeepsomelevelof

self-esteem.However,aswithmostideas,thisonecannotbetakeninabsoluteform.

Inatleastsomerespects,weneedotherpeopleinordertounderstandourselves.Anexcellentexampleofaliterarycharacterwhocouldhavepsychologically

benefittedfromsocialinteractionisJ.AlfredPrufrockfromT.S.Eliot’spoem

SongofJ.AlfredPrufrock.”Inthepoem,Prufrckdesireshiparelationswithwoman

verymuch,butherefrainsfrominitiatingconversationbecausehefearsthathecouldnot

holdtheinterestofasophisticatedlady.ShouldPrufrockhavetakenthesteptoaccept

otherpeopleintohislife,hemostlikelywouldhavediscovered,asthereaderofthepoem

certainlydid,thatheismostarticulate.Otherswouldhaveimpresseduponhimthe

beautyofhiswordsandhistalentforprose.IfPrufrockwouldhavespokenhissonga

loud,theladiessurelywouldhaveshownhimwhathehimselfdidnotunderstand.Since

theladieswouldrevealPrufrock’stalentstohim,itistruethatweneedothersinorderto

understandourselves.

“Thelessonoflearningfromother’sopinionsofyourselfextendsmuchfartherthan

thesongofafictionalcharacter.Twodaysago,inanartclass,mygroupofstudentshad

assignedselfportraitsdue.Mostofusbroughtinphotographsofourselves.Nevertheless,

oneboybroughtnothingandhandedusallslipsofpaper.Hetoldustowriteawordto

describehim,andwhenwehaddoneso,hepastedthewordsonaposter.Thismusthave

beenarevealingexerciseforhimbecause,uponthesightofsuchdescriptionsas

and“sarcastic”,hewasshocked.Inthecaseofthisboy,hehadnotrealizedphowhis

“

“bitter

”,friend’scommentscertainlymadehimseemthatway.Thefactthatweneedothersin

ordertounderstandourselvesisclearlyshownbythisboy’srevelation.Section2

1

ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS

ExplanationforCorrectAnswerA:

Choice(Aiscorrect."Guarantee"inthiscontextmeanstoprovidestrongassurancesthatsomethingwillbethecase,and"lobbyfor"meanstoinfluencelegislatorstosupportcertainmeasures.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"LikemanyothergroupsofpeopleintheUnitedStateswhohaveneededlawstoguaranteeequalrights,Americanswithdisabilitieshavehadtolobbyforlegislationaddressingtheirconcerns."Lawsthatguaranteeequalrightsforparticulargroupsofpeopleareusuallypassedafterindividualsfromthosegroupshavepresentedtheircasestogovernmentalofficialswhohavethepowertopasslaws.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:

Choice(Bisincorrect."Preclude"meanstopreventsomethingormakeitimpossible,and"enact"meanstopassalaw.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"LikemanyothergroupsofpeopleintheUnitedStateswhohaveneededlawstoprecludeequalrights,Americanswithdisabilitieshavehadtoenactlegislationaddressingtheirconcerns."Peopledonotneedorwantlawsthatmakeequalrightsimpossibleunlessthesepeopleseektorestricttherightsofothers.Inanycase,legislatorsaretheonesinapositionto"enact"laws.Peoplewithdisabilitieswhoalsohavethepowertoenactlawswouldbereferredtoaslegislatorswhenperformingtheirgovernmentalfunction.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:

Choice(Cisincorrect."Ascertain"meanstofindout,and"consolidate"meanstounite.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"LikemanyothergroupsofpeopleintheUnitedStateswhohaveneededlawstoascertainequalrights,Americanswithdisabilitieshavehadtoconsolidatelegislationaddressingtheirconcerns."Abstractconceptslikecivilrightsarenotsomethingthatpeople"ascertain."Inaddition,itisunclearhowpeoplewouldbenefitfromconsolidatingdifferentpiecesoflegislation.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:

Choice(Disincorrect."Compound"inthiscontextmeanstoincreasetheextentof,and"contendwith"meanstodealwithsomethingdifficultorundesirable.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"LikemanyothergroupsofpeopleintheUnitedStateswhohaveneededlawstocompoundequalrights,Americanswithdisabilitieshavehadtocontendwithlegislationaddressingtheirconcerns."Though"compound"canbeusedtomeantoincreasetheextentofsomething,thatuseof"compound"isnormallyfoundinsetphraseslike"compoundanerror,"wheretheobjectoftheverbissomethingundesirable.Also,peopledesiringaparticularpieceoflegislationdonotneedto"contendwith"legislationthataddressestheirconcerns;theywouldneed,rather,to"contendwith"legislationthatrejectstheirconcerns.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:

Choice(Eisincorrect."Suppress"inthiscontextmeanstocurtailorlimit,and"ratify"meanstovalidateofficially.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"LikemanyothergroupsofpeopleintheUnitedStateswhohaveneededlawstosuppressequalrights,Americanswithdisabilitieshavehadtoratifylegislationaddressingtheirconcerns."Itishardtoimaginewhypeoplewouldseektolimittheirowncivilrights.Moreover,onlylegislatorshavethepowertoratifylaws;otherpeoplecangetthatpoweronlywhentheyareelectedorappointedaslegislators.

2

ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS

ExplanationforCorrectAnswerA:

Choice(Aiscorrect."Motley"meanshavingmanydifferentvarieties.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thecafattractsamotleyclientele:é

astartlinglyheterogeneousgroupofpeoplecollectsthere."Thecolonattheendofthemainclauseimpliesthattheinformationthatfollowsitwillbealistoranexplanation.Inthiscase,thesecondclauseprovidesaclearexplanationofwhytheclientelewasdescribedasmotley—thatpeopleattractedtoitareheterogeneous,orquiteunlikeoneanother.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:

Choice(Bisincorrect."Callous"meanshardened.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thecafattractsacallouséclientele:astartlinglyheterogeneousgroupofpeoplecollectsthere."Asentencecontainingacolontypicallyprovidesalistoranexplanationafterthecolon.Thissentence,however,providesacommentfollowingthecolonthatinnowayexplainshoworwhytheclienteleshouldbeconsideredhardened.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:

Choice(Cisincorrect."Languid"meanslackingenergy.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thecafattractsalanguidéclientele:astartlinglyheterogeneousgroupofpeoplecollectsthere."Thesecondclauseofthesentencedoesnotexplainwhythewriterconsiderstheclienteletobelanguid;thisisinconsistentwiththeuseofacolon.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:

Choice(Disincorrect."Mysterious"meansdifficulttoexplain.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thecafattractsamysteriouséclientele:astartlinglyheterogeneousgroupofpeople

collectsthere."Thesecondclauseofthesentencedoesnotexplainwhytheclienteleismysterious,whichisinconsistentwiththeuseofacolon.Sayingthatagroupofpeopleisquitevarieddoesnotexplainwhyitwasdescribedasmysterious.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:

Choice(Eisincorrect."Humane"meanskindorcompassionate.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thecafattractsahumaneéclientele:astartlinglyheterogeneousgroupofpeoplecollectsthere."Sayingthatthegroupofpeopleconsistsofmanydifferentkindsdoesnotexplainwhytheclientelewasearlierdescribedashumane.Thecolonendingthefirstclause,however,impliesthatanexplanationofthestatementinthefirstclausewillappearinthesecondclause.

3

ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS

ExplanationforCorrectAnswerC:

Choice(Ciscorrect."Copious"meansabundant,and"amassed"meansaccumulated.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thesecondeditionofthetextbookprovidescopiousfootnotes;sincethefirstedition,theeditorshaveapparentlyamassedagreatdealofbackgrounddata."Thestructureofthesentenceindicatesthatthesecondclausewillhelpexplainthefirstclause.Itmakessensetosay,then,thatitisbecausetheeditorshavecollectedagreatdealofextrainformationthattheneweditionofthebookhassomanyfootnotes(typicallyusedtoprovidebackground.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerA:

Choice(Aisincorrect."Meager"meanssmallinquantity,and"accumulated"meansbroughttogether.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thesecondeditionofthetextbookprovidesmeagerfootnotes;sincethefirstedition,theeditorshaveapparentlyaccumulatedagreatdealofbackgrounddata."Thesecondclauseofthesentenceispresentedasanexplanationofthefirstclause.However,thereaderwouldexpectthesecondclausetosaywhytheeditorsincludedsuchasmallnumberoffootnotes;thesecondclause,infact,doestheopposite.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:

Choice(Bisincorrect."Illegible"meansunreadable,and"clarified"meansmadeclearorunderstandable.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thesecondeditionofthetextbookprovidesillegiblefootnotes;sincethefirstedition,theeditorshaveapparentlyclarifiedagreatdealofbackgrounddata."Withthosetwotermsinserted,thetwoclausesofthesentencedonotmakemuchsensetogether.Editorswouldnotdeliberatelyputunreadablefootnotesinabook.Thesecondclausedoesnotrespondtothispuzzlingsituation.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:

Choice(Disincorrect."Voluminous"inthiscontextmeansgreatinnumber,and"excised"meanscutout.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thesecondeditionofthetextbookprovidesvoluminousfootnotes;sincethefirstedition,theeditorshaveapparentlyexcisedagreatdealofbackgrounddata."Thestructureofthesentencemakesthereaderexpectthatthesecondclausewillhelptoexplainsomethingaboutthelargenumberoffootnotes.Thesecondclause,however,unhelpfullytalksabouttheremovalofinformation,withoutsayinghowthisissupposedtobecompatiblewiththeinsertionofthemanyfootnotes.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:

Choice(Eisincorrect."Monotonous"inthiscontextmeansrepetitiouslydull,and"embellished"meansenhanced.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thesecondeditionofthetextbookprovidesmonotonousfootnotes;sincethefirstedition,theeditorshaveapparentlyembellisheda

greatdealofbackgrounddata."Itdoesnotmakesensetosaythattheeditorshaveenhanceddatatomakefordullfootnotesintheneweditionofabook.

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ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS

ExplanationforCorrectAnswerA:

Choice(Aiscorrect."Dubious"meansindoubt,and"self-serving"meanstendingtoaddressone'sownneedsordesires.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"ProfessorFernandezhasbeendubiousaboutmostofthepurportedlyhumanitarianaspectsofthecolonialgovernmentandhasinsistedthatitsactionswere,onthecontrary,self-serving."Thefirstmissingtermdescribestheprofessor'sattitudetowardthegovernment'ssupposedhumanitarianism.Thephrase"onthecontrary"preparesthereadertobelievethatthesecondmissingtermwillbeincompatiblewith"humanitarianaspects."Ascholarwouldindeeddoubtthattheprogramsofagovernmentwerehumanitarianorcharitableiftheyturnedouttoservetheselfishneedsofthegovernmentitself.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:

Choice(Bisincorrect."Enthusiastic"meanshavinggreatappreciation,and"contemptible"meansworthyofstrongdislike.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"ProfessorFernandezhasbeenenthusiasticaboutmostofthepurportedlyhumanitarianaspectsofthecolonialgovernmentandhasinsistedthatitsactionswere,onthecontrary,contemptible."Apersonwhofindsagovernment'sactionsdespicablewouldnotbeenthusiasticaboutthatgovernment.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:

Choice(Cisincorrect."Disparaging"meansbelittling,and"sporadic"meansoccurringatirregularintervals.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"ProfessorFernandezhasbeendisparagingaboutmostofthepurportedlyhumanitarianaspectsofthecolonialgovernmentandhasinsistedthatitsactionswere,onthecontrary,sporadic."Sayingthatcertainactionsoccuratirregularintervalsdoesnotserveasreasonablegroundsforthechargethatagovernmentisnotgenuinelyinterestedinpromotinghumanitariangoals.Specifically,thephrase"onthecontrary"leadsthereadertoexpectthat"humanitarian"goalswouldbeincompatiblewith"sporadic"actions.Suchacontrast,however,doesnotexist.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:

Choice(Disincorrect."Excited"meansemotionallyaroused,and"gratuitous"inthiscontextmeansunnecessary.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"ProfessorFernandezhasbeenexcitedaboutmostofthepurportedlyhumanitarianaspectsofthecolonialgovernmentandhasinsistedthatitsactionswere,onthecontrary,gratuitous."Someonesoexcitedaboutagovernmentwouldbeunlikelytoclaimthatitshumanitarianactionswereunnecessary.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:

Choice(Eisincorrect."Disillusioned"meansverydisappointed,and"benevolent"meanswell-intentioned.Ifoneweretoinsertthesetermsintothetext,thesentencewouldread"ProfessorFernandezhasbeendisillusionedaboutmostofthepurportedlyhumanitarianaspectsofthecolonialgovernmentandhasinsistedthatitsactionswere,onthecontrary,benevolent."Onewouldexpectthehumanitarianactionsofagovernmenttobebenevolent,orwell-intentioned.Therefore,theexpectationssetupbythewords"onthecontrary"arenotfulfilled.Apersondisillusionedbyagovernmentwouldnotexplainthatpositionbypointingoutthatthegovernment'shumanitarianactionswerewell-intentioned.

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ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS

ExplanationforCorrectAnswerE:

Choice(Eiscorrect."Anamalgamation"meansamixture.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Concreteisanamalgamationofmanymaterials,acompositeofrocks,pebbles,sand,andcement."Acommaplacedinapositionliketheoneafter"materials"normallyintroducesaphrasethathelpstodefineorexplainthenounphraseprecedingthecomma.Inthiscase,thephraseexplainsthattheamalgamationisacomposite,ormixture,ofdistinctmaterials.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerA:

Choice(Aisincorrect."Aconflagration"meansalargefire.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Concreteisaconflagrationofmanymaterials,acompositeofrocks,pebbles,sand,andcement."Itdoesnotmakesensetosaythatconcreteisafire.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:

Choice(Bisincorrect."Adistillation"meansapurificationbyboilingandrevaporization.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Concreteisadistillationofmanymaterials,acompositeofrocks,pebbles,sand,andcement."Theproductofadistillationwouldprobablybealiquid,notasolid.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:

Choice(Cisincorrect."Aconcordance"meansanalphabeticalindexofwordsinatext.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Concreteisaconcordanceofmanymaterials,acompositeofrocks,pebbles,sand,andcement."Concreteandtheprocessesusedtomakeithavenothingtodowithbookindexes.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:

Choice(Disincorrect."Anaberration"meansadeviationfromtheexpectedcourse.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Concreteisanaberrationofmanymaterials,acompositeofrocks,pebbles,sand,andcement."Neitherconcretenortheprocessesofmakingitcanbecalleddeviationsfromanycourseofaction.

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ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS

ExplanationforCorrectAnswerE:

Choice(Eiscorrect.MoragaiscitedasanexampleofawriterwhofounditdifficulttodecidewhethertowriteinEnglishorinSpanish.ThetitleofherbookishalfinEnglishandhalfinSpanish,andhercomment"Ilacklanguage"(line3reinforceshersensethatthereisnosatisfactoryresolutionofherdilemma.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerA:

Choice(Aisincorrect.ThepassagesaysthatHispanicAmericanwritersfaceproblemsinchoosingalanguagetowritein,butitsaysnothingaboutproblemsassociatedwithgettingworkspublishedaftertheyhavebeenwritten.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:Choice(Bisincorrect.MoragaiscitedasawriterexperiencingaproblemfrequentlyfacedbyHispanicAmericanwriters.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwiththisgeneralproblem,notwiththisparticularwriterandherachievements.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:

Choice(Cisincorrect.Accordingtothepassage,thetitleofMoraga'sbookexpressesthedifficultysheperceives"inwritinginonelanguagewhenonehaslivedinanother"(line7-8.ThereisnosuggestionbytheauthorofthepassageastowhetherMoragaisregardedasbeingespeciallyexpressiveasawriter.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:

Choice(Disincorrect.Thepassagedoesnotsayanythingaboutnewartisticapproaches,nordoesitsuggestthatMoraga'sapproachisanovelone.Rather,thepointisthatthedifficultiesMoragahasexperiencedinchoosingalanguagearecommontoHispanicAmericanwriters.

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ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS

ExplanationforCorrectAnswerD:

Choice(Discorrect.Theproblempresentedinthepassageisthatof"narratingpersonalexperiencesinonelanguagewhenonehaslivedinanother"(lines7-8.SomeonedescribedasaRussiannovelistlivingintheUnitedStatesislikelytohavelivedmuchofhisorherlifeinRussia,speakingRussian,andwhateverinsightssuchapersonhasarelikelytobebased,atleastinpart,onexperiencesinRussia.SotheproblemofaRussiannovelistlivingintheUnitedStateswhohasdifficultyexpressinginsightsinAmericanEnglishissimilartotheproblempresentedinthepassage.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerA:Choice(Aisincorrect.WhileaHispanicAmericanlivinginaSouthAmericancountrymight,likeMoraga,feelsomeconflictbetweentheuseofSpanishandEnglish,paintersdonotprimarilyemploythemediumoflanguageintheirwork,sothisisnotacloseanalogy.Further,thereisnomentionofbilingualwriters'abilitytoselltheirwork.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:

Choice(Bisincorrect.TheproblemexperiencedbytheCherokeecolumnistishowmuchbackgroundinformationneedstobesuppliedtomakewritingsdealingwithNativeAmericanculturesunderstandabletoreadersofnationalnewspapers.Thisisadifferentproblemfromtheonepresentedinthepassage,whichhastodowithusingadifferentlanguagetowriteaboutexperiencesthantheoneusedwhilelivingthoseexperiences.ACherokeecolumnistmightalsohavethisproblem,butnotasaresultofmakingtheassumptionthatmostreadersareunfamiliarwithNativeAmericancultures.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:

Choice(Cisincorrect.Theprobleminthepassageisthatofusingonelanguageindailylifeandthentryingtowriteaboutone'sexperiencesinadifferentlanguage.AnAfricanAmericannovelistisunlikelytobewritinginacompletelydifferentlanguagethantheonespokenthroughoutlife.Moreover,thehistoricalpastofAfricanAmericansisnotsomethingthatalivingAfricanAmericannovelistcanhaveexperienced.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:

Choice(Eisincorrect.Tryingtowriteessaysfortwoaudienceswithverydifferentlinguisticandculturalbackgroundsposesadifferentsortofproblemfromthatdescribedinthepassage.

8ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONSExplanationforCorrectAnswerB:

Choice(Biscorrect.TheauthorcharacterizesthemovieinwhichHALappearsasa"masterpiece"(line1anddescribestheportraitofHALas"finelyhoned"(line3,orprecise,whichclearlyexpressesappreciation.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerA:

Choice(Aisincorrect.TheattitudetowardtheportraitofHALandtowardHAL'screatorsisoneofadmiration,notresentment,orillwill.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:

Choice(Cisincorrect.ThereisnoindicationofanyconfusionorambivalenceonthepartoftheauthortowardtheportraitofHALthatClarkeandKubrickcreated.Itisoneofadmirationandappreciationthroughout.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:

Choice(Disincorrect.TheauthoradmirestheportraitofHAL,butgoesontosaythatcomputersareinsomewaysevenbetternow.Sotheauthor'sattitudeisnotoneofvenerationorwonder,orawe.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:

Choice(Eisincorrect.ThereisnoindicationthattheauthorisbeingsarcasticinadmiringthedepictionifHAL.Sincetheauthorisnotridiculingtheportrait,theauthor'sattitudetowardtheportraitofHALisnotderisive.

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ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONSExplanationforCorrectAnswerA:10isnosuggestionthatthewomeninvolvedsawtheseactivitiesasprotestsagainstspecificallymaledominanceasopposedtoprotestsagainstBritishdominanceingeneral.Itisonlylaterthatthepassagediscusseswayswomenbegantoraisetheissueofrightsforwomen.

Choice(Cisincorrect.Thereisnosuggestionthat-raising,tea“boycotts,fundand

actionsagainstprofiteeringmerchants”weretheonlypoliticalactivitiesavailableto

womenduringtheRevolutionaryWarperiod.Infact,thepassagespecificallymentionsthatwomenalsoengagedinprotests"againstvariouswartimeatrocities"(line23.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:

Choice(Disincorrect.Thereisnoreasontothinkthatthepoliticalactivitieswomenengagedinwereonlythosethatdirectlyaffectedtheirhouseholds.Thepassagealsosaysthatwomenengagedinprotestsagainstwartimeatrocities(line23aswellasintheactivitiescitedinlines18-19.

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ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS

ExplanationforCorrectAnswerB:

Choice(Biscorrect.Theauthorbeginsthesecondparagraphbysayingthat"womeninlargenumbershadbeeninvolvedinpoliticalactionsintheAmericanRevolution"

(lines14-15.Butthefirstlistofpoliticalactionswomenengagedinduringthatperiodincludedteaboycotts,whichwerenotsomethingwithwhichanyonefavoringtheBritishsidewouldhavebeeninvolved.Sobygoingontomentionspecifically"Loyalistwomen"asengaginginotherpoliticalactivities,theauthorshowsthatwomen'sinvolvementinpoliticalactivitieswasnotrestrictedtothoseononesidebutextendedtowomeningeneral.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerA:

Choice(Aisincorrect.Astheparentheticalremarkinline20explains,"Loyalist"wasthetermusedforpeopleintheAmericancolonieswhosidedwiththeBritishintheAmericanRevolution.Theauthormentions"Loyalistwomen"inline20toshowthatwomenonbothsidesoftheconflictengagedinpoliticalactivity."Loyalists,"whatevertheirpositiononpropertyrightsforwomen,wouldprobablyhavebeenconsidereddisloyalbythosewhosupportedtherevolution.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:

Choice(Cisincorrect.TheauthorsaysthatLoyalistwomen...arguedfortheirpropertyrights(lines20-21.Butinthenextparagraph,AbigailAdams—whowasontheotherside—isdiscussedatsomelengthasarguingforpropertyrightsforwomen.Nothinginthepassagesuggeststhatwomenononesideoftheconflictweremorevocalabouttheirpoliticalviewsthanwomenontheotherside.Infact,theauthor'spointisthatwomengenerallybecamemorevocalabouttheirpoliticalviewsduringthisperiodthantheyhadbeenbefore.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:

Choice(Disincorrect.Theauthormentionsteaboycottsandfund-raisingbeforesayinganythingaboutthepoliticalactivitiesofLoyalistwomen.Thereferencetoteaboycottsandfund-raisingstronglysuggeststhatthewomenwhoengagedintheseactivitieswerewomenwhosupportedtheRevolution,notLoyalistwomen.ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:

Choice(Eisincorrect.Whilethereissomesuggestioninthereferenceto"femalemembersofelitefamilies"(line24thatLoyalistwomentendedtobemoresociallyprominentthanwomenwhosupportedtheAmericanRevolution,thepointtheauthorwantstomakebymentioningLoyalistwomenisthatwomenonbothsidesoftheconflicthadbeguntoengageinpoliticalactivity.

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ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS

Choice(Ciscorrect.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorpresentswomen'srightsasanon-issueformenduringtheRevolutionaryWarperiod.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorshowsthatitwasbecomingaseriousissueforwomen.ThediscussionofAbigailandJohnAdamsinthethirdparagraphisintroducedasastrikingexampleofthisdifferenceinattitudebetweenmenandwomen.Theyaredescribedasa"well-matchedandlovingcouple"(line38toshowthatthedifferentpositionsofmenandwomenonwomen'srightswerenotsimplyareflectionofpersonalconflictsbetweenthesexes.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerA:

Choice(Aisincorrect.JohnandAbigailAdamsdisagreedabouttheissueofwhetherthenewlegalcodeforthenewrepublicshouldincludespecificprotectionsofwomen'spropertyrights.Theauthor'spurposeindescribingthemas"awell-matchedandlovingcouple"(line38isnottopointoutthattheyagreedonpoliticalissues

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:

Choice(Bisincorrect.ThereisnoindicationinthepassagethatthedisagreementbetweenJohnandAbigailAdamsontheissueofwomen'srightsresultedinanygeneraldisruptionoftheirdomesticharmony.Indeed,Abigailisdescribedasmakingherpointsinlanguage"appropriatetowomen'ssubordinatestatusinmarriage"(lines44-45.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerD:

Choice(Disincorrect.NothinginthepassagesuggeststhatanyonebelievedJohnandAbigail'smarriagetohavebeenanunhappyone.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:

Choice(Eisincorrect.OneofthemainpointsofthepassageisthatduringtheRevolutionaryWarera,menandwomentendedtohaveverydifferentopinionsabouttheissueofwomen'srights.Ifthatistrue,itstronglysuggeststhatmostmarriedcouplesofthatperiodprobablydisagreedaboutthewomen'srightsissue.However,thedescriptionofJohnandAbigailAdamsas"awell-matchedandlovingcouple"(line38ismeanttoshowthatdisagreementsbetweenmenandwomenaboutwomen'srightswerenotsimplytheresultofpersonalconflictsbetweenthem.

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ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS

ExplanationforCorrectAnswerD:

Choice(Discorrect.ThisexpressionappearsinoneofAbigailAdams'letterstoherhusband,whereshetriestopersuadehimtoincludeinthenewlegalcodeprotectionsforwomen"againstthe'naturallytyrannical'tendenciesoftheirhusbands"(lines42-43.Theword"innately"capturesthissenseof"naturally."ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerA:

Choice(Aisincorrect.ItwouldnotmakesenseforAbigailAdamstoargueforlawsagainstbehaviorthattheythemselvesdescribeasappropriate.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerB:

Choice(Bisincorrect."Authentically"meansgenuinely,ornotmerelyappearingonthesurfacetobeso.While"naturally"couldconceivablymean"authentically,"suchaninterpretationdoesnotworkwellinthiscontext,sinceAdamsisemphasizingtheinnatenessratherthandeepseatednessofmen's"tyranny."ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerC:

Choice(Cisincorrect.Theword"thoroughly"hasnostandarduseinwhichitmeans"naturally."Moreover,accordingtotheauthor'saccount,Abigailwantstopresentthetendencieswomenneedprotectionagainstastendenciesthatcanbecontrolled.Otherwise,itwouldmakenosensetoask"formen'schivalrousprotectionfromtheexcessesofothermen"(lines45-46.Butifmen'stendencieswere"thoroughly"—thatis,nothingotherthan—tyrannical,allmenwouldbehavetyrannicallyallthetime.

ExplanationforIncorrectAnswerE:

Choice(Eisincorrect.Although"naturally"canbeusedtomean"unsurprising