The-Byzantine-Empire-Libertyville-High-School拜占庭美國(guó)高中課件

TheByzantineEmpireTheByzantineEmpireEmperorJustinianWantedtorestoreRomeUnifiedeasternandwesternhalvesofempireEmperorJustinianWantedtoresEmpressTheodoraEmpressTheodoraByzantineEmperorsAbsolutepowerHeadedchurch&stateBrutalpoliticsConstantriskof

assassinationByzantineEmperorsAbsolutepowConstantinople:Location,location,location!EasytradeDifficulttoattackConstantinople:Location,locaMostByzantinesspokethe______language.GreekMostByzantinesspokethe____TheJustinianCodeSingle,uniformlawcodeCode–Digest–Institutes–Novellae–Regulated–nearly5,000Romanlawsopinionsoflegalthinkers

textbook,handbookcoveringlawsnewlawsmadeafter534Allaspectsoflife:marriage,property,slavery,inheritance,women’srights,criminaljusticeTheJustinianCodeSingle,unifBookI.OfPersons.

I.JusticeandLawJUSTICEistheconstantandperpetualwishtorendereveryonehisdue.2.Havingexplainedthesegeneralterms,wethinkweshallcommenceourexpositionofthelawoftheRomanpeoplemostadvantageously,ifwepursueatfirstaplainandeasypath,andthenproceedtoexplainparticulardetailswiththeutmostcareandexactness.For,ifattheoutsetweoverloadthemindofthestudent,whileyetnewtothesubjectandunabletobearmuch,withamultitudeandvarietyoftopics,oneoftwothingswillhappen---weshalleithercausehimwhollytoabandonhisstudies,or,aftergreattoil,andoftenaftergreatdistrusttohimself(themostfrequentstumblingblockinthewayofyouth),weshallatlastconducthimtothepoint,towhich,ifhehadbeenledbyaneasierroad,hemight,withoutgreatlabor,andwithoutanydistrustofhisownpowers,havebeensoonerconducted.3.Themaximsoflawarethese:tolivehonesty,tohurtnoone,togiveeveryonehisdue.4.Thestudyoflawisdividedintotwobranches;thatofpublicandthatofprivatelaw.PubliclawregardsthegovernmentoftheRomanempire;privatelaw,theinterestoftheindividuals.Wearenowtotreatofthelatter,whichiscomposedofthreeelements,andconsistsofpreceptsbelongingtothenaturallaw,tothelawofnations,andtothecivillaw.BookI.OfPersons.

I.JusticeIII.TheLawofPersons.

Allourlawrelateseithertopersons,ortothings,ortoactions.Letusfirstspeakofpersons;asitisoflittlepurposetoknowthelaw,ifwedonotknowthepersonsforwhosesakethelawwasmade.Thechiefdivisionintherightsofpersonsisthis:menarealleitherfreeorslaves.1.Freedom,fromwhichmenaresaidtobefree,isthenaturalpowerofdoingwhatweeachplease,unlesspreventedbyforceorbylaw.2.Slaveryisaninstitutionofthelawofnations,bywhichonemanismadethepropertyofanother,contrarytonaturalright.3.Slavesaredenominatedservi,becausegeneralsordertheircaptivestobesold,andthuspreservethem,anddonotputthemtodeath.Slavesarealsocalledmancipia,becausetheyaretakenfromtheenemybythestronghand.4.Slaveseitherarebornorbecomeso.Theyarebornsowhentheirmotherisaslave;theybecomesoeitherbythelawofnations,thatis,bycaptivity,orbythecivillaw,aswhenafreeperson,abovetheageoftwenty,suffershimselftobesold,thathemaysharethepricegivenforhim.5.Intheconditionofslavesthereisnodistinction;buttherearemanydistinctionsamongfreepersons;fortheyareeitherbornfree,orhavebeensetfree.III.TheLawofPersons.

AlloIX.ThePowerofParents.Ourchildren,begotteninlawfulmarriage,areinourpower.1.Marriage,ormatrimony,isabindingtogetherofamanandwomantoliveinanindivisibleunion.2.ThepowerwhichwehaveoverourchildrenispeculiartothecitizensofRome;fornootherpeoplehaveapowerovertheirchildren,suchaswehaveoverours.3.Thechildborntoyouandyourwifeisinyourpower.Andsoisthechildborntoyoursonofhiswife,thatis,yourgrandsonorgranddaughter;soareyourgreat-grandchildren,andallyourotherdescendants.Butachildbornofyourdaughterisnotinyourpower,butinthepowerofitsownfather.IX.ThePowerofParents.OurcHagiaSophiaJustiniansawchurchasvisibleconnectionbetweenchurch&stateHagiaSophiaJustiniansawchurWhatelsedidJustinianhavebuilt?Baths,aqueducts,lawcourts,schools,hospitalHippodrome“Nika!”RebellionWhatelsedidJustinianhavebHowdidtheByzantinespreserveGreco-Romanculture?Education–classicallearningGreek&LatingrammarPhilosophyLiterature(Homer)Geometry(Euclid),history(Herodotus),medicine(Galen)HowdidtheByzantinespreservTheByzantineChurchPatriarch–Icon–Whycontroversial?

EmperorviewediconsasidolworshipWhatledtothesplitoftheCatholicChurch?

Popeandpatriarchexcommunicatedeachother(declaredeachotheroutcastsoftheChurch)leadingbishopoftheEastreligiousimagesusedtoaidindevotionsTheByzantineChurchPatriarchSplitoftheChurchRomanCatholicLatinPopehasultimateauthorityoverbishopsPopehasauthorityovermonarchPriestscannotmarryDivorcenotpermittedEasternOrthodoxGreekPatriarch&bishopshaveauthorityEmperorhasauthorityoverpatriarchPriestscanmarryDivorceallowedincertainconditionsSplitoftheChurchRomanCathoCyrillicAlphabetSaintMethodius&SaintCyrilAlphabetforSlaviclanguagesSignificance–AllowedSlavstoreadtheBibleintheirowntonguesCyrillicAlphabetSaintMethodiCrisesoftheByzantineEmpirePlagueAttacksfromeast&westLombards,Avars,Slavs,Bulgars,Arabs,TurksWhatmethodsdidtheyusetokeepawayenemies?

Bribes,diplomacy,politicalmarriages,militarypowerWhodoesConstantinoplelaterfallto?

OttomanTurksCrisesoftheByzantineEmpireTheByzantineEmpireTheByzantineEmpireEmperorJustinianWantedtorestoreRomeUnifiedeasternandwesternhalvesofempireEmperorJustinianWantedtoresEmpressTheodoraEmpressTheodoraByzantineEmperorsAbsolutepowerHeadedchurch&stateBrutalpoliticsConstantriskof

assassinationByzantineEmperorsAbsolutepowConstantinople:Location,location,location!EasytradeDifficulttoattackConstantinople:Location,locaMostByzantinesspokethe______language.GreekMostByzantinesspokethe____TheJustinianCodeSingle,uniformlawcodeCode–Digest–Institutes–Novellae–Regulated–nearly5,000Romanlawsopinionsoflegalthinkers

textbook,handbookcoveringlawsnewlawsmadeafter534Allaspectsoflife:marriage,property,slavery,inheritance,women’srights,criminaljusticeTheJustinianCodeSingle,unifBookI.OfPersons.

I.JusticeandLawJUSTICEistheconstantandperpetualwishtorendereveryonehisdue.2.Havingexplainedthesegeneralterms,wethinkweshallcommenceourexpositionofthelawoftheRomanpeoplemostadvantageously,ifwepursueatfirstaplainandeasypath,andthenproceedtoexplainparticulardetailswiththeutmostcareandexactness.For,ifattheoutsetweoverloadthemindofthestudent,whileyetnewtothesubjectandunabletobearmuch,withamultitudeandvarietyoftopics,oneoftwothingswillhappen---weshalleithercausehimwhollytoabandonhisstudies,or,aftergreattoil,andoftenaftergreatdistrusttohimself(themostfrequentstumblingblockinthewayofyouth),weshallatlastconducthimtothepoint,towhich,ifhehadbeenledbyaneasierroad,hemight,withoutgreatlabor,andwithoutanydistrustofhisownpowers,havebeensoonerconducted.3.Themaximsoflawarethese:tolivehonesty,tohurtnoone,togiveeveryonehisdue.4.Thestudyoflawisdividedintotwobranches;thatofpublicandthatofprivatelaw.PubliclawregardsthegovernmentoftheRomanempire;privatelaw,theinterestoftheindividuals.Wearenowtotreatofthelatter,whichiscomposedofthreeelements,andconsistsofpreceptsbelongingtothenaturallaw,tothelawofnations,andtothecivillaw.BookI.OfPersons.

I.JusticeIII.TheLawofPersons.

Allourlawrelateseithertopersons,ortothings,ortoactions.Letusfirstspeakofpersons;asitisoflittlepurposetoknowthelaw,ifwedonotknowthepersonsforwhosesakethelawwasmade.Thechiefdivisionintherightsofpersonsisthis:menarealleitherfreeorslaves.1.Freedom,fromwhichmenaresaidtobefree,isthenaturalpowerofdoingwhatweeachplease,unlesspreventedbyforceorbylaw.2.Slaveryisaninstitutionofthelawofnations,bywhichonemanismadethepropertyofanother,contrarytonaturalright.3.Slavesaredenominatedservi,becausegeneralsordertheircaptivestobesold,andthuspreservethem,anddonotputthemtodeath.Slavesarealsocalledmancipia,becausetheyaretakenfromtheenemybythestronghand.4.Slaveseitherarebornorbecomeso.Theyarebornsowhentheirmotherisaslave;theybecomesoeitherbythelawofnations,thatis,bycaptivity,orbythecivillaw,aswhenafreeperson,abovetheageoftwenty,suffershimselftobesold,thathemaysharethepricegivenforhim.5.Intheconditionofslavesthereisnodistinction;buttherearemanydistinctionsamongfreepersons;fortheyareeitherbornfree,orhavebeensetfree.III.TheLawofPersons.

AlloIX.ThePowerofParents.Ourchildren,begotteninlawfulmarriage,areinourpower.1.Marriage,ormatrimony,isabindingtogetherofamanandwomantoliveinanindivisibleunion.2.ThepowerwhichwehaveoverourchildrenispeculiartothecitizensofRome;fornootherpeoplehaveapowerovertheirchildren,suchaswehaveoverours.3.Thechildborntoyouandyourwifeisinyourpower.Andsoisthechildborntoyoursonofhiswife,thatis,yourgrandsonorgranddaughter;soareyourgreat-grandchildren,andallyourotherdescendants.Butachildbornofyourdaughterisnotinyourpower,butinthepowerofitsownfather.IX.ThePowerofParents.OurcHagiaSophiaJustiniansawchurchasvisibleconnectionbetweenchurch&stateHagiaSophiaJustiniansawchurWhatelsedidJustinianhavebuilt?Baths,aqueducts,lawcourts,schools,hospitalHippodrome“Nika!”RebellionWhatelsedidJustinianhavebHowdidtheByzantinespreserveGreco-Romanculture?Education–classicallearningGreek&LatingrammarPhilosophyLiterature(Homer)Geometry(Euclid),history(Herodotus),medicine(Galen)Howdid