高三英語復(fù)習(xí)語法填空每日練習(xí)5-8

語法填空考點(diǎn)知識(shí)梳理題型解讀一篇200字左右的短文中留出10個(gè)空白，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文情境，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容或所提供單詞的正確形式。語法填空題考查學(xué)生在篇章層面上理解并應(yīng)用語法知識(shí)的能力。該題型要求學(xué)生必須具備較好的語法分析能力，而不只是語法辨析能力，其著重點(diǎn)是學(xué)生的語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和應(yīng)用能力。學(xué)生必須既考慮句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性，又顧及上下文的連貫。命題特點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容：有給提示詞和不給提示詞兩種形式。給出提示詞的考查點(diǎn)包括：詞形的轉(zhuǎn)換，如名詞與動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換、形容詞與副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換、名詞與形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換、動(dòng)詞與形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換；形容詞或副詞比較級與最高級的變化；名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化；動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及詞形的變化。不給出提示詞的考查點(diǎn)包括：根據(jù)上下文的語境填入冠詞、代詞、連詞、介詞、副詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、特殊疑問詞、關(guān)系詞等。特點(diǎn)：給出提示詞的空較多(4~7個(gè))；考查詞形變化的空偏多，并且未給出提示詞的空有填實(shí)詞的情況；每空所填不超過3個(gè)單詞。文章的首句和末句一般不留空格，至少第一句話是完整的，這樣學(xué)生可以大體了解文章內(nèi)容，把握作者的寫作風(fēng)格。文章中的人名、地名等專有名詞，以及日期、數(shù)字等是不作為考點(diǎn)的，因?yàn)檫@類信息如果只在文章中出現(xiàn)一次，學(xué)生是無法根據(jù)語言線索或其他線索填出的。語法填空不以學(xué)生常犯的語法錯(cuò)誤作為干擾項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樵擃}型主要測試學(xué)生的語篇應(yīng)用能力，而將“偏”“難”“怪”的語法現(xiàn)象編成干擾項(xiàng)與文章理解沒有直接關(guān)系，偏離了測試目標(biāo)。【語法特點(diǎn)】實(shí)詞以考查動(dòng)詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞為主，其中動(dòng)詞又是重中之重；虛詞以考查介詞、冠詞、連詞為主。而句法方面主要考查復(fù)合句的引導(dǎo)詞，如定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句。練習(xí)5Forthefirsttimeinhistory,earthlingscanhearwhatablackholesoundslike:alow-pitchedgroaning,asifaverycreakyheavydoorwasbeingopenedagainandagain.NASA1(release)a35-secondaudioclipofthesoundearlierthismonthusingelectromagneticdatapickedfromthePerseusGalaxyCluster,some240millionlight-yearsaway.Thedata2(sit)aroundsinceitwasgatherednearly20yearsagobytheChandraX-RayObservatory.Thedecisiontoturn3intosoundcameonlyrecently,aspartofNASA'seffortoverthepasttwoyearstotranslateitsstunningspacephotographyintosomething4couldbeappreciatedbytheear."Istartedoutthefirst10yearsofmycareerreallypayingattentiontoonlythevisual,andjustrealizedthatI5(do)acompletedisservicetopeoplewhowereeithernotvisuallearnersorforpeople6areblindorlow-vision,"NASAvisual7(science)KimberlyArcandtoldNPRinaninterviewwithWeekendEdition.WhilethePerseusaudiotriestoreplicate8ablackholeactuallysoundslike,Arcand'sother"sonifications"aremoreorless9(create)renditionsofimages.Inthoseimaginativeinterpretations,eachtypeofmaterial—gaseouscloudorstar—getsadifferentsound;elementsnearthetopofimagessound10(high)intone;brighterspotsarelouder.練習(xí)6Insomeplaces,nightsarewarmingfasterthandaysthankstoclimatechange.Andnow,scientistsbelievethere'sacorrelationbetweenhotterweatherandpoorersleepinareas1theworld,accordingtoanewstudy.ScientistsinDenmarkanalyzedanonymizeddatafromtensofthousandsofsmartwatchesandwristbandsfromaroundtheworld.Theymatcheddataabout2peoplefellasleepandwokeupwithinformationaboutthelocalweather.They3(find)thatwhenit'shotterovernight,peoplehavemoretroublefallingasleep.Thestudy4(publish)inOneEarthnotesthatskinandcorebody5(temperature)becomemoresensitiveto6(environment)temperaturesduringsleep.The7(research)saytheeffectofhottertemperaturesonsleepisfelt8(equal).Olderpeople(whosebodiesdon'tproduceenoughsweattocooltheirbodies),residentsinlower-incomecountries,women,andpeoplelivinginalready-hot-climatesfeeltheimpactmore,theysay.Scientistshavefoundthatclimatechangebothintensifies9drivesupthelikelihoodofheatwavesandothertypesofextremeweather.Climatescientistsexpectthistoworsenashumanscontinue10(release)heat-trappinggasesintotheatmosphere.練習(xí)7Tensofthousandsoflives1(save)everyyearintheUnitedStatesifcommonairpollutionfromburningfossilfuels2(eliminate),accordingtoanewstudy.Theresearchunderscoresthehugehealthbenefitsofmovingawayfromcoal,oilandgasoline.UsingdatafromtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,researchersattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonestimate3about50,000prematuredeathswouldbeavoidedeveryyearifmicroscopicairpollutants4(call)particulateswereeliminatedintheU.S."These[particles]getdeepintothelungsandcausebothrespiratoryandcardiacailments,"saysJonathanPatz,aprofessorattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonandoneof5authorsofthestudy."Theyareprettymuchtheworstpollutantwhenitcomes6mortalityandhospitalization."Prematuredeathand7(hospitalize)arealsoextremelyexpensivefortheU.S.economy.Thestudyestimatesthateliminatingsuchairpollutionwouldsaveabout$600billioneachyear.Burningfossilfuelsareamainsourceoffineparticulate8(pollute)intheU.S.Thenewstudyisthelatest9(remind)thatclimatechangeandpublichealthareintimatelyrelated,andthatcuttinggreenhousegasemissionsdoesn'tjustreducelong-termriskfromglobalwarming;itcansavelivesimmediately10cuttingpollution.練習(xí)8AirqualityinmuchoftheU.Sisbetterthanthe1(globe)average.Buttheremainingpollutionisstill2(dead),especiallytothoselivinginhotspotsnexttofactories,powerplantsandhighways.Thatincludesadisproportionatenumberofneighborhoods3wereshapedbygovernment-sponsoredhousing4(discriminate)."EvenwiththeCleanAirActintheUnitedStates,westillhavemorethan100,000Americans5dieprematurelyfromairpollutioneachyear,"saysPatz,who6(study)theconnectionsbetweenclimatechange7humanhealthfordecades."It'sasignificanthealthhazard."Notallfuelsareequally8(danger).Forexample,coalreleasesextremelyintensepollution.ButtheU.S.9(burn)alotlesscoalthanitdidevenadecadeago.That10(help)theelectricitysectorgetalittlebitcleaner,althoughthestudystillattributesabout9,000prematuredeathseachyeartopollutionfrompowerplants.Cars,trucksandothervehiclestha