數(shù)字口譯課件

Unit5:CulturalExchanges5-1InterpretingNumbersUnit5:CulturalExchangesInterpreting

NumbersInterpreting

NumbersI.IntroductionII.Interpretingcardinalnumbers(基數(shù)詞)III.Pronouncingvulgarfractionsanddecimalfractions（分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)）IV.Interpretingquestionsinvolvingordinalnumbers（序數(shù)詞）V.Interpretingindefinitenumbers（不確定數(shù)目）VI.SuggestedmethodsfortakingdownfiguresVII.ExpressingMultiples(倍數(shù)表示法)VII.Exercises:Procedures:I.IntroductionProcedures:I.Introduction該城市是一個(gè)國(guó)際大都市，人口約有1200萬(wàn)，面積達(dá)2000多平方公里。本公司是一家年銷售額為120億美元，業(yè)務(wù)遍及120多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)，擁有5萬(wàn)多名員工的跨國(guó)公司。Numbers：1.Cardinalnumbers2.Vulgarfractionsanddecimalfractions3.Ordinalnumbers4.Indefinitenumbers5.multiplesI.Introduction該城市是一個(gè)國(guó)際大都市，人口約Examples1.請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)分別表達(dá)下面一組數(shù)字：1234567891234Onetrilliontwohundredandthirty-fourbillionfivehundredandsixty-sevenmillioneighthundredandninety-onethousandtwohundredandthirty-four一兆兩千三百四十五億六千七百八十九萬(wàn)一千二百三十四請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)分別譯出所述數(shù)字12億9988萬(wàn)；542million830thousand1billion299million880thousand;542,830,000Examples1.請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)分別表達(dá)下面一組數(shù)字：Oa. SomePracticalDifficultiesforChineseInterpreters Foraninterpreter,todoalongseriesoffiguresininterpretationisalwaysbynomeanseasy.AndforaninterpreterwhosemothertongueisChinese,thedifficultiesinvolvedseemtobeevengreater. Notablyamongthedifficultiesarethefollowing:ABriefIntroductiona. SomePracticalDifficultieInChinese,onetendstosay“萬(wàn)”

and“億”

ofwhichthereisnoequivalentinEnglish.Hence“一萬(wàn)”

mustberenderedinto“10千”

(tenthousand);“三萬(wàn)”

into“30千”

(thirtythousand);“二十萬(wàn)”

into“200千”

(twohundredthousand),etc..And“一億”mustberenderedinto“100百萬(wàn)”

(onehundredmillion);“一億三十萬(wàn)”

into“100百萬(wàn)零300千”

(onehundredmillionandthreehundredthousand);InChinese,onetendstosay““十億”

into“1,000百萬(wàn)”

(onethousandmillion,oronebillioninAmericanusage);and“一百億”,“10千百萬(wàn)”

(i.e.tenthousandmillionor10billioninAmericanEnglish),etc.. Allthismaycausecomplicationforabeginnerorforthoseyounginterpreterswhohavenotundergonesufficienttraininginthisregard.“十億”into“1,000百萬(wàn)”(onethous2) QuiteafewunitsofmeasurementinChinese——suchasli

(1/2kilometers),mu(0.0667hectare),jin(1/2kilogram),etc.——usuallyhavetobeconvertedintothemetricsystemsbytheinterpreteronformaloccasions,soastofacilitateunderstanding.Andthisextrabitofwork(concerningconversioninunitsofmeasurement)couldbequiteastrainonaninterpreterunlesshehasalreadyacquiredsomeexperienceinthecourseoftrainingandpractice.2) Quiteafewunitsofmeasur 3)ThewayscomparisonisexpressedinChineseare,insomerespects,differentfromthoseinEnglish,especiallywhenthequestionsofcountableanduncountablenounsareinvolved,e.g. (1)ThoughinChinesewesay“倍”whenwetalkabout“學(xué)校為……的三倍”

indescribingtheincreaseinthenumberofschools,inEnglishweshallhavetosay,forinstance,“Therearethreetimesasmanymiddleschoolsnowinourprovinceastherewereintheearlypost-liberationdays.” 3)Thewayscomparisonisexpr

(2)ThoughinChineseweusethesameword“倍”

whenwetalkabout“糧食產(chǎn)量”,inEnglishweshallhavetosay, forexample,“Ourprovinceproducestwiceasmuchgrainasitdidontheeveofliberationin1949.” (2)ThoughinChineseweuseToSumupDifferencesinthewayofexpressingFiguresinChineseandEnglish:Digit,TimeandUnitToSumupDifferencesinthewa1)Twosignificantpoints:

i.asindicatedearlier,itisriskytryingtodoalongseriesoffigureininterpretingwithoutjottingthemdowninafeasibleway.Toensureaccuracyitisalwayshelpfulandreassuringtospeedilyjotthemdownastheyarebeinguttered(orread)bytheoriginalspeakers.bSomePracticalHintstoRemember1)Twosignificantpoints:i. InthecaseofC-EandE-Cinterpretation,figuresdorequireasufficientamountoftraining.

Byfigureswemean,inalargersense,notonlyalongseriesoffigurescombinedwithvariousunitsofmeasurementsbutalsoalongstringofdocumentsymbolsandlongseriesofpropernames(ofpersons/places). InthecaseofC-EandE-Cin ii.Tolayemphasisonthespeedyandaccuraterenderingoffiguresinvolving“萬(wàn)”and“億”asafirststep. Topracticetherapidreadingof5-digitnumbers,8-digitnumbersand,then,10-digitnumbers,etc.inbothChineseandEnglish,andthencombinethemwithvarious“unitsofmeasurement”untilaccuracyandfluencyareachieved. ii.Tolayemphasisonthesp2) Somepossiblesignsused:

(1)Usingcomma(,)eachrepresentingonegroupof3naught,e.g.

“fortythousand”,representedby“40,”means“四萬(wàn)”;

“sixhundredthousand”,representedby“600,”means“六十萬(wàn)”

“sevenmillion”,representedby“7,,”means“七百萬(wàn)”

“thirtymillion”,representedby“30,,”means“三千萬(wàn)”2) Somepossiblesignsused: (

(2).Aneasytablecouldbeusefulwhenyouhearthenumbers.Youjustfillintheform.數(shù)字口譯課件

(3).Ifanumberisbiggerthanamillion,the easiestwayistouseapointafter thenumberofmillion. Forinstance,396萬(wàn),canbeputin thisway,3.96million.Applythesame waytothefollowingnumbers:

3,956萬(wàn)→39.56million

3億9,650萬(wàn)→396.5million;

Ifthenumberisbiggerthanabillion, adoptthesamewaytodoit.

e.g.129億→12.9billion (3).Ifanumberisbiggert

(4).Notethefollowingwaysofuncertainnumbers

幾個(gè)

some;afew;several

十幾個(gè)

morethan/overadozen; less/nomorethantwenty

幾十個(gè)

dozensof

幾十年

Decades

七十好幾了

welloverseventy

二十剛出頭

inher/hisearlytwenties

三十大幾了（快四十了）

inher/hislatethirties

千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)

thousandsandthousandsof

好幾百個(gè)

hundredsof

成千上萬(wàn)

thousandsuponthousandsof

幾十萬(wàn)

hundredsofthousandsof

數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的

millionsof

億萬(wàn)(人) hundredsofmillionsof

十年

adecade

二十年

ascore/fourscoreandsevenyearsago

三十年(25-30) ageneration

五十年

halfacentury

一百年的

centennial

一百年/世紀(jì)

Century (4).Notethefollowingways數(shù)字口譯補(bǔ)充材料

數(shù)字的翻譯是口譯中的一大難關(guān)，即使是老翻譯，當(dāng)遇到數(shù)字時(shí)，尤其是遇到五位數(shù)以上的數(shù)字時(shí)，也不敢有半點(diǎn)松懈。這不僅僅是因?yàn)閿?shù)字難譯，更重要的是在商貿(mào)談判或外交活動(dòng)中，數(shù)字誤譯所造成的后果是不堪設(shè)想的。數(shù)字口譯之所以難，其中一個(gè)主要原因在于英漢對(duì)于四位數(shù)以上的數(shù)字的表達(dá)有不同的段位概念和分段方法。英語(yǔ)數(shù)字的表達(dá)以每三位數(shù)為一段位，而漢語(yǔ)以每四位數(shù)為一段位。關(guān)于數(shù)字翻譯，調(diào)查顯示：英譯漢時(shí)難點(diǎn)在記憶，漢譯英時(shí)，難點(diǎn)在于快速表達(dá)。數(shù)字口譯補(bǔ)充材料

數(shù)字的翻譯是口譯中的一大難關(guān)，即使是老翻譯Itcoversatotaloffivehundredforty-ninemillionninehundredforty-sixthousandsevenhundredandsixty-eightsquaremeters.占地549,946,768平方米。Unemploymenthasrisentooverthreemillionforthefirsttimeinsixyearsandanalystsexpectthejoblesstotaltorisebyafurther40,000thismonth.Manufacturingoutputhasmeanwhilesteadied,afteranaughtpointfivepercentdecreaselastmonth.失業(yè)人數(shù)六年來(lái)首次突破3百萬(wàn)。專家預(yù)測(cè)本月失業(yè)人數(shù)約新增4萬(wàn)，而制造業(yè)產(chǎn)量繼上個(gè)月下跌百分之零點(diǎn)五之后已趨穩(wěn)定。Practice:：interpretthefollowingnumbersItcoversatotaloffivehundPairwork:Onestudentreadsthefollowingfiguresaloudinthelanguagegiven,theothertakesnotesandtheninterpretsthemintothetargetlanguage.Taketurnstopractice.

四千三百八十六

五萬(wàn)五千九百三十二

八千八百五十九萬(wàn)七千三百二十

二億三千七百一十五萬(wàn)零二百三十六

十六億八千九百九十萬(wàn)三千七百五十四

七百零四億九千三百五十七萬(wàn)九千零四十八

Pairwork:Onestudentreadst

Sixthousandfourhundredandthirty-one

Fourmillioneighthundredandthreethousandsevenhundredandtwelve

Ninety-fourmilliontwohundredandseventeenthousandeighthundredandtwenty-six

Fivehundredandthirtymilliononehundredandthirty-ninethousandsevenhundredandforty-seven

Thirty-sevenbillionninehundredandtwenty-fivemillionfourhundredandforty-onethousandthirty-eight

SixthousandfourhundredaaTheMetricSystem&ChineseEquivalent

Length

長(zhǎng)度

meter/m

米=3市尺

kilometer/km公里=2市里Area

面積

sq.m平方米=9平方市尺

hectare/ha

公頃=15市畝(1畝 =0.0667ha)

sq.km平方公里=4平方市里 (km2)Weight

重量與質(zhì)量

kg

公斤=2市斤

MT

公噸=2000市斤aTheMetricSystem&ChinesebTheBritish&USSystem

Length

長(zhǎng)度

mile/mi哩=1.609km

fathom/fm尋=1,829m

yard/yd碼=0.914m

foot/ft英尺=30.48cm

inch/in英寸=2.54cmWeight

重量

pound/lb.磅=0.454kg

ounce/oz.盎司=28.35gTemperature

溫度

Co(Centigrade)攝氏=(Fo-32)×5/9

Fo(Fahrenheit)華氏=Co×9/5+32bTheBritish&USSystem

LenIII.PronouncingVulgarFractionsandDecimalFractionsPronouncingVulgarFractions分子為1五分之一：one-fifth,b.九分之一：one-ninthSpecialexpressionsforthefollowingvulgarfractions:二分之一a/onehalf,b.四分之一a/onequarterc.四分之三threequarters分子不為一（分母為復(fù)數(shù)）五分之三three-fifthsb.十分之九nine-tenthsIII.PronouncingVulgarFracti(3)大分子，大分母（加“over”）a.五十三分之七十八seventy-eightoverfifty-threeb.九十五分之二十六twenty-sixoverninety-five(4)帶分?jǐn)?shù)（BothFullandFractionalNumbers）a.五又三分之二：fiveandtwo-thirdsb.六又二分之一：sixandahalfc.九又四分之一：nineandaquarter2.PronouncingDecimalFractions(1)PronouncingDecimalFractionssmallerthan“1”(3)大分子，大分母（加“over”）a)0.8:pointeight,zero/naughtpointeightb)0.323:pointthreetwothree,zero/naughtpointthreetwothreec)0.0009%:zero/naughtpointoooninepercent(2)Pronouncingfigureswithbothfullnumbersanddecimalfractionsa)9.007:ninepointooseven;ninepointzerozero(ornaughtnaught)sevenb)98.53%:ninety-eightpointfivethreepercenta)0.8:pointeight,zero/nau(3)Pronouncingfigureswithfullnumbersanddecimalfractionslargerthantenthousandoronehundredmilliona)

零點(diǎn)七萬(wàn)（0.7萬(wàn)）：seventhousandb)零點(diǎn)九億（0.9億）:ninetymillionc)八點(diǎn)四億（8.4億）:eighthundredfortymillion(Am.E),eighthundredandfortymillion(Br.E)

d)二十二點(diǎn)二億（22.2億）twopointdoubletwobillion;twobilliontwohundred(and)twentymillion(3)PronouncingfigureswithfIV.Interpretingquestionsinvolvingordinalnumbers1.您這是第幾次來(lái)中國(guó)訪問(wèn)了？HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentoChina?

HowmanytimeshaveyouvisitedChina?Thisisn’tyourfirstvisittoChina,isit?

IsthisyourfirstvisittoChina?IV.Interpretingquestionsinv2.你們隊(duì)得了第幾名？Howdidyourteamcomeout(inthematch)?Didyourteamwinthematch(orchampionship)?Didyourteamwin(orget)thefirstplaceinthecompetition?3.這是你第幾個(gè)孩子？/這孩子是老幾?。縄sthisyoureldest/youngestchild?2.你們隊(duì)得了第幾名？V.InterpretingIndefiniteNumbers1.Interpretingapproximatenumbers(大約)Chinese:置前：約、大約、大概置后：來(lái)、左右、上下English:置前：about,around,roughly,approximately,some,moreorless,intheneighbourhoodof置后：orso,orthereabout,intherough(1)大約二百美元/二百美元左右about/around/some/approximately/roughly/moreorless/intheneighbourhoodoftwohundreddollars;twohundreddollarsorso/orthereabout/intherough(2)大約五十歲/五十來(lái)歲：about/aroundfiftyyearsoldV.InterpretingIndefiniteNum2.InterpretingNumbersSmallerthanParticularNumbers:（少于）

Chinese:置前：少于，小于，低于，不到，不足，不及置后：以下，以內(nèi)，以里English:置前：fewerthan,lessthan,under,below,within少于/不到一千美元，一千美元以下：fewerthan/lessthan/under/below/within

onethousanddollars(2)攝氏零度以下belowzerodegreeCentigrade/Celsius2.InterpretingNumbersSmalle3.Interpretingnumberswiththemeaningof“nearly”(將近)Chinese:

近，快，將近，接近，幾乎，差不多，差一點(diǎn)English:nearly,almost,toward,closeon接近/快八點(diǎn)：nearly/almosteighto’clock將近五十歲/差一點(diǎn)五十歲：nearly/almost/towardfiftyyearsold4.Interpretingindefinitenumberswhichmean“Morethan”（多于）Chinese:

置前：多于，大于，高于，超過(guò)置后：多，幾，以上English:

置前：morethan,over,above,upwardsof置后：andmore,odd,andoddHerIrishaccent,afterthirty-oddyearsinLondon,isundiluted.她在倫敦呆了30多年，愛(ài)爾蘭口音仍很濃重。3.Interpretingnumberswithth(1)十幾天：morethan/over/abovetendays;tendaysandmore(2)

三百多美元：morethan/over/above/upwardsofthreehundreddollars;threehundreddollarsandmore/odd/andodd(3)攝氏40度以上：abovefortydegreesCentigrade5.InterpretingNumbersWhichareBetweenParticularNumbers(介于)Chinese:

到，至，介于…之間English:from…to…,between…and….(1)三到四天：fromthreetofourdays;betweenthreeandfourdays.(2)介于四千到五千公里之間：fromfourthousandtofivethousandkilometres;betweenfourthousandandfivethousandkilometres(1)十幾天：morethan/over/abovet6.Interpretingindefinitenumberswhichareadjacent(相鄰數(shù)目)（1）兩三個(gè)：twoorthree(2)三四十：thirtyorforty(3)四五千：fourorfivethousand(4)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上：twoormore7.Interpretingindefinitenumberslike“數(shù)十”，“數(shù)百”，etc.(1)數(shù)十/幾十/好幾十：tensof(20-99);dozensof(24-99);scoresof(40-99);decadesof(20-99)6.Interpretingindefinitenum(2)數(shù)百/數(shù)以百記/幾百/好幾百/成百hundredsof;severalhundred;bythehundred(3)數(shù)千/數(shù)以千記/幾千/好幾千/成千thousandsof;severalthousand;bythethousand(4)數(shù)萬(wàn)/數(shù)以萬(wàn)記/幾萬(wàn)/好幾萬(wàn)tensofthousandsof(5)數(shù)十萬(wàn)/幾十萬(wàn)/好幾十萬(wàn)hundredsofthousandsof(2)數(shù)百/數(shù)以百記/幾百/好幾百/成百hundreds

(6)數(shù)百萬(wàn)/幾百萬(wàn)/好幾百萬(wàn)millionsof(7)數(shù)千萬(wàn)/幾千萬(wàn)/好幾千萬(wàn)tensofmillionsof(8)數(shù)億/幾億/好幾億hundredsofmillionsof(9)數(shù)十億/幾十億/好幾十億billionsof

(6)數(shù)百萬(wàn)/幾百萬(wàn)/好幾百萬(wàn)VI.Suggestedmethodsfortakingfigures:1.Writedown,inadvance,thevariousEnglishandChinesenumericalwordsinthewayshownbelow.b.m.th.十千百十億，億/萬(wàn)萬(wàn)，萬(wàn)萬(wàn)/千，百十個(gè)

2，8/63，58/9，VI.Suggestedmethodsfortaki2.點(diǎn)線法

中譯英時(shí)，應(yīng)在聽(tīng)到“億”時(shí)即斜向劃一長(zhǎng)線/，聽(tīng)到“萬(wàn)”時(shí)再劃同樣的斜長(zhǎng)線/，剩下的數(shù)字則仍用“符號(hào)結(jié)合阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字”的通用方式完成，即三個(gè)零為—，兩個(gè)零為～，或者一律記阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，但不一定立即譯成相應(yīng)的譯語(yǔ)數(shù)字。（記住是四位一段）

例1：一億三千零二萬(wàn)零八百五十八 →1/3002/0858

例2：一百零一億七千四百八十九萬(wàn)零五百四十→101/7489/05402.點(diǎn)線法

中譯英時(shí)，應(yīng)在聽(tīng)到“億”時(shí)即斜向劃一長(zhǎng)線/，漢語(yǔ)數(shù)字分段法：

第一段位個(gè)十百千

第二段位萬(wàn)十萬(wàn)百萬(wàn)千萬(wàn)

第三段位億十億百億千億

第四段位兆（萬(wàn)億）

英語(yǔ)數(shù)字分段法：

第一段位OneTenHundred

第二段位Thousand,Tenthousand,Hundredthousand

第三段位Million,Tenmillion,Hundredmillion

第四段位Billion,Tenbillion,Hundredbillion

第五段位Trillion

漢語(yǔ)數(shù)字分段法：

第一段位個(gè)十百千

第二段位萬(wàn)十

口譯時(shí)，從右向左，逆著原記錄順序每三位打一個(gè)逗號(hào)（分節(jié)號(hào)），便可將這些數(shù)字切分成印歐語(yǔ)系諸語(yǔ)言的進(jìn)位單位了。用此方法，需要牢記分節(jié)號(hào)左位數(shù)的單位。從右向左：第一個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào)左位是“千”位，第二個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào)左位是“百萬(wàn)”位，第三個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào)左位是“十億”位。

例1：1/30,02/0,858→130M20Th8Hu&58

例2：10,1/74,89/0,540→10B174M890Th5Hu&40 口譯時(shí)，從右向左，逆著原記錄順序每三位打一個(gè)逗號(hào)（分節(jié)號(hào)

此形式譯成外語(yǔ)很方便，“回譯”成漢語(yǔ)也沒(méi)太大困難。 外譯漢（如英文）時(shí)，譯員應(yīng)在聽(tīng)到billion、million、thousand等位時(shí)，便立即打上一處逗號(hào)。 例：thirtytwobillionfourhundredfiftysevenmillioneighthundredtwentysixthousandninehundredandthirty-seven→32,457,826,937

在預(yù)備譯出時(shí)依然從右到左，按漢語(yǔ)數(shù)字進(jìn)位規(guī)律每四位數(shù)打上斜線：32,4/57,82/6,937，譯員只需照著斜線所提示的漢語(yǔ)數(shù)字表達(dá)習(xí)慣讀出即可。 此形式譯成外語(yǔ)很方便，“回譯”成漢語(yǔ)也沒(méi)太大困難。漢語(yǔ)分段應(yīng)記住在萬(wàn)，億處作標(biāo)記英語(yǔ)分段應(yīng)記住在thousand，million，billion,trillion處作標(biāo)記

Attention!

漢語(yǔ)分段應(yīng)記住在萬(wàn)，億處作標(biāo)記

Attention!

轉(zhuǎn)換

同學(xué)非常熟悉中文里面的“個(gè)、百、千、萬(wàn)、十萬(wàn)、百萬(wàn)、千萬(wàn)、億、十億、百億….”。每一級(jí)的單位都有，非常齊全。而在英語(yǔ)中同學(xué)掰指數(shù)來(lái)：hundred,thousand,million,billion,trillion?？傆X(jué)得和中文配不起來(lái)，因此同學(xué)碰到“萬(wàn)、十萬(wàn)、千萬(wàn)、億”要特別注意，要反復(fù)操練這幾個(gè)數(shù)字，這幾個(gè)數(shù)字在中譯英時(shí)尤為重要。

1萬(wàn)=tenthousand

10萬(wàn)=onehundredthousand

1000萬(wàn)=tenmillion

1億=onehundredmillion

轉(zhuǎn)換

同學(xué)非常熟悉中文里面的“個(gè)、百、千、萬(wàn)、十萬(wàn)、百 3.Aneasytablecouldbeusefulwhenyouhearthenumbers.Youjustfillintheform.數(shù)字口譯課件4.JotdownthefiguresinArabicnumeralsandmarkthemoffwithacommaforeverythreedigits(countingfromtheend).Eachcommarepresentsagroupofthree“0”,e.g.

fiftythousand:50,(五萬(wàn))

fourhundredthousand:400,(四十萬(wàn))

threemillion:3,,(三百萬(wàn))

fortymillion:40,,(四千萬(wàn))

5.Takethefirstoneorfewlettersofthenumericalwords,with“t”fortrillion,“b”forbillion,“m”formillion,and“th”forthousand,e.g.

(1)三千六百萬(wàn)：36m(2)八十三億8.3b

4.JotdownthefiguresinAraVII.ExpressingMultiples(倍數(shù)表示法)倍數(shù)翻譯最根本的問(wèn)題是搞清楚是否包括基數(shù)。漢語(yǔ)有一些句式包括基數(shù)，也有一些句式不包括基數(shù)。VII.ExpressingMultiples(倍數(shù)表漢語(yǔ)表倍數(shù)的基本句式或表達(dá)法有以下5種:（句中“n”為倍數(shù)）1.甲的大小是乙的n倍。(包括基數(shù))2.甲已增加到乙的n倍。(包括基數(shù))3.甲比乙+adj.n倍。3.甲比乙增加了n倍。(不包括基數(shù))4.甲比乙翻了n番。(不包括基數(shù))漢語(yǔ)表倍數(shù)的基本句式或表達(dá)法有以下5種:（句中“n”為倍英語(yǔ)表倍數(shù)的基本句式或表達(dá)法有以下5種:n+times+as+形或副詞+asn+times+形、副的比較級(jí)+thann+times+the(或its,thatof等)+名詞動(dòng)詞（increase/grow/multiply等）+(by)+n+times動(dòng)詞（double/triple/quadruple等）+the+名詞數(shù)字口譯課件無(wú)論漢、英，同一倍數(shù)都有不同的表達(dá)法：1.表示“甲是乙的兩倍”英語(yǔ)中用twiceas…as,twicethenumber/size/lengthof,as…againas,toincreaseby100%,以及double

來(lái)表示。Ex.（1）他們今年的產(chǎn)量是去年的兩倍。/他們今年的產(chǎn)量比去年增加了一倍。/他們今年的產(chǎn)量比去年翻了一番。數(shù)字口譯課件例：Theiroutputthisyearistwiceasmuchaswhatitwaslastyear.Theiroutputthisyearisasmuchagainaswhatitwaslastyear.Theiroutputthisyearisdoublewhatitwaslastyear.d)Theiroutputthisyearhasdoubled,comparedwithwhatitwaslastyear.e)Theiroutputthisyearhasincreasedby100%overlastyear.例：(2)這輛車是那輛車的兩倍價(jià)錢。a)Thiscaristwicethecostofthatone.b)Thiscaristwiceascostlyasthatone.c)Thiscarisascostlyagainasthatone.2.表示“甲是乙的三倍”英語(yǔ)中用threetimesas…as,threetimesthenumberof,toincreaseby200%,以及triple/treble表示。（1）我國(guó)今年的出口額是去年的三倍。/我國(guó)今年的出口額比去年增加了兩倍。/我國(guó)今年的出口額比去年增加了百分之二百。(2)這輛車是那輛車的兩倍價(jià)錢。a)Ourexportthisyearisthreetimesasmuchaswhatitwaslastyear.

b)Ourexportthisyearhastripled/trebled,comparedwithwhatitwaslastyear.c)Ourexportthisyearhasincreasedby200%overlastyear.

(2)這條公路是那條公路的三倍長(zhǎng)。a)Thishighwayisthreetimesaslongas

thatone.b)Thehighwayisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.

a)Ourexportthisyearisthr3.表示“甲是乙的四倍”或以上。英語(yǔ)中可以用fourtimes/fourfold,以及quadruple和toincreaseby300%,表示四倍以上，依次類推。例：（1）到2020年，我國(guó)的國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值將是2000年的四倍。到2020年，我國(guó)的國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值將在2000年的基礎(chǔ)上達(dá)到翻兩番。到2020年，我國(guó)的國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值將比2000年增加三倍。a)By2020,ourGNPwillhavebeenfourtimes/fourfoldasmuchasitwasin2000.b)By2020,ourGNPin2000willhavebeenquadrupled.c)By2020,ourGNPwillhaveincreasedby300%over2000.3.表示“甲是乙的四倍”或以上。英語(yǔ)中可以用fourti(2)我們現(xiàn)在的工資是10年前的5倍。a)Oursalariesarenowfivetimes/fivefoldaswhattheyweretenyearsago.b)Oursalarieshaveincreasedby400%overtenyearsago.(3)我國(guó)要養(yǎng)活的人口是那個(gè)國(guó)家的7.5倍。Wehavetofeed7.5-foldthenumberofpeopleinthatcountry.

(2)我們現(xiàn)在的工資是10年前的5倍。a)Oursa英文里有一個(gè)很管用的后綴。當(dāng)你想不起來(lái)倍數(shù)的表達(dá)的時(shí)候，不妨在數(shù)字后面加上它，準(zhǔn)沒(méi)錯(cuò)！它就是--fold。當(dāng)然這個(gè)后綴是表示數(shù)量的增加。請(qǐng)大家用這些特殊數(shù)字表達(dá)法來(lái)翻譯下列句子：

例:過(guò)去五年中，我公司的銷售額已增長(zhǎng)至四倍。

譯文：Salesinourcompanyhaveincreaseduptofour-foldinthelastfiveyears.

例:我買進(jìn)這些郵票后他們的價(jià)格已經(jīng)提高了三倍。

譯文：Thevalueofthesestampshasincreasedbythree-foldafterIboughtthem.英文里有一個(gè)很管用的后綴。當(dāng)你想不起來(lái)倍數(shù)的表達(dá)的時(shí)候，不妨倍數(shù)減少的譯法

英語(yǔ)中還可以用具有減少意義的詞加倍數(shù)來(lái)表示減少的數(shù)量。句中的倍數(shù)是指原量為現(xiàn)量的倍數(shù)。由于漢語(yǔ)不能說(shuō)“減少多少倍”，所以漢譯時(shí)需要將原文倍數(shù)化為分?jǐn)?shù)，譯成“減少了”（指減去部分），或譯成“減少到“（指剩下部分）。

Byusingthisnewprocessthelossofmetalwasreducedfourtimes.

采用這種新工藝使金屬損耗減少了四分之三。（或譯為……降到了四分之一）

Theprincipaladvantageisafive-foldreductioninvolume.

主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是體積縮小了五分之四。注： 如果減少的倍數(shù)中有小數(shù)點(diǎn)，則要換算成不帶小數(shù)點(diǎn)的分?jǐn)?shù)。比如reduce4.5times，應(yīng)換算成整數(shù)（）后，譯成“減少到九分之二”，或“減少了九分之七”。倍數(shù)減少的譯法

英語(yǔ)中還可以用具有減少意義的詞加倍數(shù)來(lái)表Pairwork:Onestudentreadsthefollowingsentencesaloudinthelanguagegiven,theothertakesnotesandtheninterpretsthemintothetargetlanguage.Taketurnstopractice.例1這種商品的價(jià)格是前一種商品的兩倍。

例2小轎車車速比大貨車快一倍。

例3這只桶能裝那只桶三倍的水。例4這家醫(yī)院的繳費(fèi)是一般醫(yī)院的三至五倍。

例5去年該工廠的產(chǎn)量下降到2003年的65％。Pairwork:Onestudentreadst

例1這種商店的價(jià)格是前一種商品的兩倍。1.Thepriceofthisproductistwiceasmuchasthatofthepreviousone.

例2小轎車車速比大貨車快一倍。

2.Thecarrunsasfastagainasthetruck.

例3這只桶能裝那只桶三倍的水。3.Thisbarrelcanholdthreetimesasmuchwaterasthatone.

例1這種商店的價(jià)格是前一種商品的兩倍。例4這家醫(yī)院的繳費(fèi)是一般醫(yī)院的三至五倍。4.Thishospitalchargesthreetofivetimesthatofordinaryones.

例5去年該工廠的產(chǎn)量下降到2003年的65％。

5.Theoutputofthatfactorylastyearfellto65％oftheoutputin2003.例4這家醫(yī)院的繳費(fèi)是一般醫(yī)院的三至五倍。比例的表達(dá)法

比例的表達(dá)方式分兩種，表示成正比常用詞組：varywith,beproportionalto,themore…themore…。表示成反比常用詞組：varyinverselywith,themore…theless…。例如：商品的價(jià)格與質(zhì)量成正比。

Thepricesofcommoditiesvarywiththequality.如果電壓不變，電阻和電流成反比。

Ifthevoltageremainsconstant,themoretheresistancethelessthecurrent.

比例的表達(dá)法

比例的表達(dá)方式分兩種，表示成正比常用詞組：v趨勢(shì)語(yǔ)的表達(dá)法

英語(yǔ)中有豐富的描述數(shù)字上升、下降或穩(wěn)定的詞匯，即趨勢(shì)語(yǔ)（trendlanguage）。如下列句子中劃線的詞匯：Theareaofcultivatedlanddecreasedby7.6millionhectares,buttheyieldperhectarerosebyanaverageof180kg.Averageannualgrainsupplyperpersongrowfrom200to400kg,andmeatfrom9to15kg.趨勢(shì)語(yǔ)的表達(dá)法

英語(yǔ)中有豐富的描述數(shù)字上升、下降或穩(wěn)定的下面列舉一些英語(yǔ)中常用來(lái)表達(dá)趨勢(shì)的詞匯：

表示上升趨勢(shì)：anincrease增加,arise提高,aclimb爬升,ajump上升,agrowth增長(zhǎng);toincrease增加,torise提高,toclimb爬升,tojump上升,togrow增長(zhǎng),toreach升至,togoup上升。表示下降趨勢(shì)：afall下降,adrop跌落,adecline下跌,adecrease減少;tofall下降,todrop跌落,todecline下跌,todecrease減少,togodown下降,tobottomout降至最低點(diǎn),toslowdown減速,todecelerate減速。表示穩(wěn)定：toremain(stable)保持，不變，穩(wěn)定，維持;tostandat不變，穩(wěn)定，維持;tolevelout(off)平衡，穩(wěn)定。下面列舉一些英語(yǔ)中常用來(lái)表達(dá)趨勢(shì)的詞匯：

表示上升趨勢(shì)：anPractice到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比2000年翻兩番，達(dá)到40,000億美元左右。

By2020,China'sGDPwillquadruplethatof2000toapproximatelyUSD4trillion.·一成即10%，60%即六成?！?成3”表達(dá)的意思是“23%”，例如：今年的糧食產(chǎn)量比去年增長(zhǎng)2成3。

Theoutputofgrainthisyearhasincreasedby23%overlastyear.Practice到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比2000年翻兩Additionalexercises:1.Themoonislocatedanaverageof239,000milesfromtheearth.Ithasadiameterof2,136miles,anditsgravityisone-sixththatofearth’s.2.ExceptXinjiang,outputvalueofthesecondaryindustryofotherChineseprovincesoccupiesmorethan40%ofitsGDP,whileoutputvalueofthetertiaryindustryoccupiesmorethan30%inmostoftheprovinces.Additionalexercises:3.Steelproductionthisweektotalled327289metrictonnes,down1.4%from332103tonnesaweekearlierbutup9.8%from298100tonnesinthesameweekof2003.4.Theamountofsavingsofurbanandruralresidentshaveincreasedover71.4percentperyearfrom21.06billionyuanin1978to1,520.35billionyuanin1993.5.Ascomparedwiththesameperiodlastyear,thepriceofrice,wheat,maizeandsoybeanroseby16.2%,18.1%,22.8%and29.5%respectively.3.Steelproductionthisweekt1.Themoonislocatedanaverageof239,000milesfromtheearth.Ithasadiameterof2,136miles,anditsgravityisone-sixththatofearth’s.1.月亮離地球約有239，000英里遠(yuǎn)，其直徑為2136英里，重力為地球的1/6。2.ExceptXinjiang,outputvalueofthesecondaryindustryofotherChineseprovincesoccupiesmorethan40%ofitsGDP,whileoutputvalueofthetertiaryindustryoccupiesmorethan30%inmostoftheprovinces.2.除新疆以外，中國(guó)其他省份的第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)值占GDP的百分之四十幾，而第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)值在大部分省份中占有的比值均超過(guò)30%。1.Themoonislocatedanavera3.Steelproductionthisweektotaled327,289metrictonnes,down1.4%from332,103tonnesaweekearlierbutup9.8%from298,100tonnesinthesameweekof2003.3.本周鋼產(chǎn)量總數(shù)為327，289公噸，比上一周的332，103公噸下降1.4%，而與2003年同一周的數(shù)據(jù)298,100公噸比較增加了9.8%。4.Theamountofsavingsofurbanandruralresidentshaveincreasedover71.4percentperyearfrom21.06billionyuanin1978to1,520.35billionyuanin1993.4.城鄉(xiāng)居民的儲(chǔ)蓄從1978年的210億6千萬(wàn)元增加到1993年的1萬(wàn)5千2百零3億5千萬(wàn)元，每年上升71.4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。3.Steelproductionthisweekt5.Ascomparedwiththesameperiodlastyear,thepriceofrice,wheat,maizeandsoybeanroseby16.2%,18.1%,22.8%and29.5%respectively.5.與去年同期相比，米，麥，玉米，大豆的價(jià)格分別提升了16.2%，18.1%，22.8%和29.5%。5.Ascomparedwiththesamep6.China‘sGDPin1997amountstoUS$902billion.ThisfigureranksNo.7behindUSA(US$7819.3billion),Japan(US$4223.4billion),German(US$2115.4billion),France(US$1393.8billion),Britain(US$1278.4billion)andItaly(US$1146.2billion).From1979to1997,China’saverageannualgrowthrateis9.8percent,6.5percentagepointshigherthanthatoftheworld.數(shù)字口譯課件Unit5:CulturalExchanges5-1InterpretingNumbersUnit5:CulturalExchangesInterpreting

NumbersInterpreting

NumbersI.IntroductionII.Interpretingcardinalnumbers(基數(shù)詞)III.Pronouncingvulgarfractionsanddecimalfractions（分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)）IV.Interpretingquestionsinvolvingordinalnumbers（序數(shù)詞）V.Interpretingindefinitenumbers（不確定數(shù)目）VI.SuggestedmethodsfortakingdownfiguresVII.ExpressingMultiples(倍數(shù)表示法)VII.Exercises:Procedures:I.IntroductionProcedures:I.Introduction該城市是一個(gè)國(guó)際大都市，人口約有1200萬(wàn)，面積達(dá)2000多平方公里。本公司是一家年銷售額為120億美元，業(yè)務(wù)遍及120多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)，擁有5萬(wàn)多名員工的跨國(guó)公司。Numbers：1.Cardinalnumbers2.Vulgarfractionsanddecimalfractions3.Ordinalnumbers4.Indefinitenumbers5.multiplesI.Introduction該城市是一個(gè)國(guó)際大都市，人口約Examples1.請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)分別表達(dá)下面一組數(shù)字：1234567891234Onetrilliontwohundredandthirty-fourbillionfivehundredandsixty-sevenmillioneighthundredandninety-onethousandtwohundredandthirty-four一兆兩千三百四十五億六千七百八十九萬(wàn)一千二百三十四請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)分別譯出所述數(shù)字12億9988萬(wàn)；542million830thousand1billion299million880thousand;542,830,000Examples1.請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)分別表達(dá)下面一組數(shù)字：Oa. SomePracticalDifficultiesforChineseInterpreters Foraninterpreter,todoalongseriesoffiguresininterpretationisalwaysbynomeanseasy.AndforaninterpreterwhosemothertongueisChinese,thedifficultiesinvolvedseemtobeevengreater. Notablyamongthedifficultiesarethefollowing:ABriefIntroductiona. SomePracticalDifficultieInChinese,onetendstosay“萬(wàn)”

and“億”

ofwhichthereisnoequivalentinEnglish.Hence“一萬(wàn)”

mustberenderedinto“10千”

(tenthousand);“三萬(wàn)”

into“30千”

(thirtythousand);“二十萬(wàn)”

into“200千”

(twohundredthousand),etc..And“一億”mustberenderedinto“100百萬(wàn)”

(onehundredmillion);“一億三十萬(wàn)”

into“100百萬(wàn)零300千”

(onehundredmillionandthreehundredthousand);InChinese,onetendstosay““十億”

into“1,000百萬(wàn)”

(onethousandmillion,oronebillioninAmericanusage);and“一百億”,“10千百萬(wàn)”

(i.e.tenthousandmillionor10billioninAmericanEnglish),etc.. Allthismaycausecomplicationforabeginnerorforthoseyounginterpreterswhohavenotundergonesufficienttraininginthisregard.“十億”into“1,000百萬(wàn)”(onethous2) QuiteafewunitsofmeasurementinChinese——suchasli

(1/2kilometers),mu(0.0667hectare),jin(1/2kilogram),etc.——usuallyhavetobeconvertedintothemetricsystemsbytheinterpreteronformaloccasions,soastofacilitateunderstanding.Andthisextrabitofwork(concerningconversioninunitsofmeasurement)couldbequiteastrainonaninterpreterunlesshehasalreadyacquiredsomeexperienceinthecourseoftrainingandpractice.2) Quiteafewunitsofmeasur 3)ThewayscomparisonisexpressedinChineseare,insomerespects,differentfromthosei