2022年英美文化課后作業(yè)

..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版1.WhatisthefullnameoftheU.K.?----UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland2.WhydotouristsfromallovertheworldliketogotoScotland?----TheyliketoenjoythebeautifulScottishscenery,todrinkScotchwhiskyandtoseeScotsmenwearingkiltsandplayingbagpipes.3.HowmanyperiodscanthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagebedividedintoandwhatarethey?----ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagecanbedividedintothreeperiods:OldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.4.WhydidEnglishbecomemoreimportantafterBlackDeath?----ThelaboringandmerchantclassesgrewineconomicandsocialimportanceaftertheBlackDeath,soEnglishalsogrewinimportancecomparedtoFrench.1.WhoaretheBritishPeople?----ThefirstknowninhabitantsinBritainwereCeltswhoaretheancestorsoftheWelsh,ScottishandIrishpeople.ThencametheAnglos,theSaxonsandtheJuteswhobroughtwiththemtheEnglishlanguage.ManypeoplefromotherEuropeancountriescamelater,andinmoderntimestherearealotofimmigrantsfrommanyformerCommonwealthcountriesfromeverypartoftheworld.Britainisacountryofmixedcultures,andtheBritainpeoplearealsocomposedofpeoplefromdifferentethicandculturebackgrounds...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版2.WhatisStandardEnglish?----StandardEnglishisbasedonthespeechoftheupperclassofsoutheasternEngland.Itiswidelyusedinmediaandtaughtatschools.Itispreferredbytheeducated,middle-classpeople.IthasdevelopedandhasbeenpromotedasamodelforcorrectBritainEnglish.Itisalsothenormcarriedoverseas.Today,StandardEnglishiscodifiedtotheextentthatthegrammarandvocabularyaremuchthesameeverywhereintheworldwhereEnglishistaughtandused.1.WhatarethetwocomponentsoftheBritishParliament?----theHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLords.2.WhatweresomeofQueenVictoria'smajorachievement?---- QueenVictoriamadetremendousachievementsinalmosteveryaspect.Shepromotedfurtherindustrialrevolution,thebuildingofrailwaysandthegrowingoftradeandcommerce.Bytheendofherreign,Britainhaddevelopedtoanempireincludingaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld'slandmass.3.WhatwerethetwocampsinEuropeinWorldWar1?----TheCentralPowerswhichincludedGermany,Austria-Hungary,theOttomanEmpireandBulgariaandtheAlliedPowerswhichweremainlycomprisedofFrance,theRussiaEmpire,theBritainEmpire,ItalyandtheUnitedStates.4.WhydidBritaincooperatecloselywiththeUnitedStatesafterWorldWar2?..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版----BecausetheywerealliedduringthewarandsharedthesameworriesabouttheformerSovietUnion.1.WhatweretheresultsoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain?----TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedBritaininmanyways.First,industrialcountryincreaseddramatically.Britainbecamethemostadvancedindustrialcountryandalsothefinancialcenterintheworld.Second,urbanizationtookplace.Manynewcitiessprangup.Third,itcausedgreatchangesintheclassstructure.Theoldsocialclassesdeclined,andnewonesemergedanddeveloped.2.TheRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire?----ColonizationofNewfoundland,thefirstBritishcolonyoverseas,in1583markedthebeginningoftheBritishEmpire.By1837,BritishhadlongbeenanempirewhichincludedthecoloniesinCanada,Australia,NewZealand,IndiaandmanysmallstatesintheWestIndies.Bytheendof19thcentury,theBritishEmpireincludedaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld'slandmass.Duringthemid-19thcentury,theBritishgovernmentconsolidatedtheexistingcoloniesbybringingthemunderthedirectcontrolofthegovernment.BeforeWorldWar1,Britainhadthelargestcolonialempireintheworld.However,BritainsufferedgreatlosstoitsmanpowerinthetwoWorldWarsandexhausteditsreservesofgold,dollarsandoverseasinvestment.MostofBritain'scoloniesgainedindependencesincethe1940s,whichinevitablyledtothefalltheEmpire...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版1.WhatarethethreefunctionsoftheHouseofCommons?----todraftlaws,toscrutinize,criticizeandrestraintheactivitiesofthegovernment,andtoinfluencefuturegovernmentpolicy.2.WhyistheConservativePartysometimescalledthe"Right"?----BecausetheConservativePartyissupportedbylandownersandbusinessmen,whoareoftenfromthemiddleandupper-middleclass.3.WhatkindofpublicimagedoesLiberalDemocratshaveinBritain?----TheLiberalDemocratsisperceivedas"middle"betweentheConservativeandtheLaborParty.Itiscomparativelyflexibleandpragmaticinitsbalanceoftheindividualandthesocial.ItemphasizestheneedforachangeinBritain'sconstitutionalarrangementstomakethegovernmentmoredemocraticandaccountable.4.Whyareindependentcandidatesunlikelytowininthegeneralelection?----Becauseeveniftheywereelected,theywouldbepowerlessinParliament.Therefore,itisnotpossibleformanypeopletovoteforindependentcandidates.1.WhatdoBritishelectoralcampaignsusuallyinvolveduringtheprocessofageneralelection?----Theelectoralcampaignsusuallyinvolveadvertisinginnewspapers,door-to-doorcampaigningandleaflets.Themainpartiesaregivenshortperiodsoftimeonnationaltelevisiontopresenttheirpoliciestothepublic.Apartfromtheparties'ownpublicity,newspapersandTVprogramsspendalotoftimediscussingthecampaign,interviewingpoliticians,andpredictingtheresults...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版2.WhatistheCommonwealthofNations?----TheCommonwealthofNationsisavoluntaryassociationofindependentsovereignstates,allofwhichacknowledgetheBritishmonarchasthehead.TheCommonwealthisnotapoliticalunionofanysort,anditsmemberstateshavefullautonomytomanagetheirinternalandexternalaffairs.Itisprimarilyanorganizationinwhichcountrieswithdiverseeconomicbackgroundshaveanopportunityforcloseandequalinteractionaftergainingindependence.ThemajoractivitiesoftheCommonwealtharedesignedtoadvocatedemocracy,humanrights,andtopromoteeconomiccooperationandgrowthwithinitsmembers.1.WhatwasthenegativeaspectofThatcher'sreformintheearly1980s?----Itsnegativeaspectwasarapidincreaseinunemployment.In1982,theunemploymentratereachedtheleveloftheGreatDepressionyears,withthreemillionpeopleoutofwork.2.WhatarethecharacteristicsofBritain'sagriculture?----British'sagricultureischaracterizedbyasmallportionofthepopulationengagedinagriculturalactivitieswithahighdegreeofmechanization.Althoughitemploysamere1%ofthecountry'slaborforce,itmeetsaround60%ofthenationaldemands...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版3.WhathappenedtoBritain'sbeefindustryinthemid-1990s?----British'sbeefindustrywashitbadlybyBSE,resultinginabanonbeefexportsin1996.4.WhataresomeofthepopulartouristattractioninBritain?----ThepopulartouristattractionsinEnglishinclude:theDorsetandtheEastDevonCoast,theLakeDistrict,Stonehenge,WindsorCastle,universitytownsofOxfordandCambridge,TowerofLondon,St.Paul'sCathedralandsoon.1.WhatwerethemajorcausesofBritain'srelativeeconomicdeclineinthepostwarperiod?----British'seconomyexperiencedarelativedeclineinthepostwarperiodforseveralreasons.First,BritishsufferedagreatlossesinthetwoWorldWarsandhadgoneheavilyintodebttofinancethewar.Second,theeraoftheBritishEmpirewasover.IndiaandotherBritishcolonies,whichprovidedrawmaterialandlargemarketforBritishgoods,gainedtheirindependence.Third,Britishwasforcedtomaintainanexpensivemilitarypresenceinmanyoverseaslocationsuntiltheendof1960s.Fourth,BritishhadtomakesubstantialfinancialcontributionstoNATOandUNSecurityCouncil.Finally,BritishfailedtoinvestinindustryafterWorldWar2whereasitscompetitorslikeGermanyandJapancaughtupwithBritishbuyinvestinginthemostmodernequipmentandmeansofproduction.2.WhydodevelopednationslikeBritainencouragethedevelopmentoftheserviceindustry?..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版----Theserviceindustryhasplayedanincreasinglyimportantroleineconomyinthedevelopmentcountries.Ontheotherhand,itrequiresalargegroupofpeopleworkinginitsothatabundantemploymentopportunitiesareprovided.Ontheotherhand,theserviceindustrycauseslittlepollution.1.WhatusedtobethemajorfunctionsofgrammarschoolsandvocationalschoolsinBritain?----Themajorfunctionsofgrammarschoolsweretotrainthemostacademicallycapablestudentsandpreparethemforuniversity,whereasthemajorfunctionsofvocationalschoolsweretohelplesssuccessfulstudentstolearnatrade.2.WhatkindofsubjectsdoBritaincomprehensiveschoolsprovide?----Britishcomprehensiveschoolsprovideageneraleducation,offeringbothacademicsubjectslikeliteratureandscience,andpracticalsubjectslikecookingandcarpentry.3.InwhatwaysdoBritainuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedom?----Britishuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedombecausetheycanappointtheirownstaff,decidewhichstudentstoadmit,providetheirowncoursesandawardtheirowndegrees.4.HowdostudentsintheOpenUniversityreceivetheireducation?----Thestudentsfollowuniversitycoursesthroughtextbooks,TVandradiobroadcasts,correspondence,video,andanetworkofstudycenters...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版5.WhatroledoesthemediaplayinBritainleisureculture?----ThemediaplaysanessentialroleinBritishleisureculturesinceithelpstoshapethepublic'sopinion,determinepeople'smoralandpoliticalorientationandconsolidateorunderminetheruleofagovernment.1.WhatarethegeneralfeatureofBritain'sindependentschools?----British'sindependentschoolsrequirefeesfromstudent